Quiz 5

Where are the cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic fibers located in the spinal cord?

Lateral gray horn

Sclera

Protects and forms the outer cover of the eye.

Visual acuity is measured using a

Snellen eye chart

The foot plate is part of which structure?

Stapes

Color blindness is a sex-linked disorder.

True

Individuals with protanopia are less sensitive to red light.

True

Nearsightedness is also called myopia.

True

Short wavelengths from high pitched sounds cause displacement of the basilar membrane near the oval window.

True

The accommodation of the lens can reduce the blurriness of vision when viewing objects closer than 20 feet away.

True

During hearing, which of the following is the first to vibrate?

Tympanic membrane

The alleles that may cause color blindness are located on the

X chromosomes.

Visual acuity is measured using

a Snellen eye chart.

What causes astigmatism?

abnormal curvature of the eye

What is used to determine whether or not someone has an astigmatism?

an astigmatism chart

A person with 20/15 vision has _______ vision.

better than normal

An astigmatism will cause an image to appear

blurred.

What happens when a bright light is shone into one eye?

both pupils constrict

Changing the shape of the lens during lens accommodation is controlled by what muscle?

ciliary muscle

When the eye accommodates for near vision, the lens becomes more

convex

Astigmatism is a result from a defect in the

curvature of the cornea or lens.

A person with longer eyeballs is said to have myopia (or nearsightedness). This means images held further away from the eye appear blurry because the point of the eye's focus is __________ the retina.

in front of

Control of the pupillary light reflex is ______.

involuntary

Nervous system control of lens accommodation is _____.

involuntary

Contraction and relaxation of the muscle fibers of the ______ cause changes to the size of the pupil.

iris

When performing the blind spot demonstration in lab, what happens to part of the image as you move the card closer to the test subject's face?

it disappears

A person with 20/70 vision has ________ vision.

less than normal

A person with 20/20 vision has _________ vision.

normal

Another name for the blind spot is the

optic disc

The blind spot is located at the _________ of the eye.

optic disc

The decreased ability to accommodate for near vision is called

presbyopia

Color blindness involves inherited defects of

red/green sensitive cones.

Which is the most numerous photoreceptor cell type in the eye?

rods

The part of the eye referred to as the blind spot lacks

rods and cones

The iris is made of what type of muscle fibers?

smooth

What is the shape of the lens during close-up vision?

spherical

In the __________ division of the ANS, the preganglionic nerve fibers are short, while in the __________ division, the preganglionic fibers are relatively long.

sympathetic; parasympathetic

The _________ division of the ANS increases alertness. The __________ division has a calming effect on the body.

sympathetic; parasympathetic

What is being demonstrated when the eyes orient medially to keep a moving object in focus as it moves closer?

the convergence reflex

Which eye structure supports the retina to keep it flush against the back of the eye?

the vitreous humor

Which of the following is not true about cones?

they are stimulated by dim light

Individuals with deuteranopia are less sensitive to red light.

False

The middle ear has four bones.

False

Place the following labels in order indicating the passage of sound waves and their conversion to fluid waves through the ear and hearing apparatus.

1. Auricle 2. Auditory canal 3. Tympanic membrane 4. Malleus 5. Incus 6. Stapes 7. Oval window 8. Scala vestibuli 9. Cochlear duct 10. Scala tympani 11. Secondary tympanic membrane

Place the following labels in order indicating the passage of light through the eyeball. Start with the cornea at the top.

1. Cornea 2. Anterior chamber 3. Pupil 4. Posterior chamber 5. Lens 6. Vitreous humor 7. Retina 8. Choroid

Order the steps of eye dissection into the correct sequence.

1. Trim fat and muscle away with the help of scissors. 2. Perform a coronal cut and separate anterior from posterior eyeball. 3. Remove the lens from the anterior eyeball. 4. Isolate the cornea and iris. 5. Remove the vitreous humor from the posterior eyeball. 6. After inspecting it, remove the retina and examine the posterior wall of the eyeball.

The average near point of accommodation for a 20 year old is

10 cm

When performing an acuity examination, the test subject stands _____ feet away.

20

Vitreous Humor

Helps maintain eyeball shape and pushes retina flat against eyewall.

There are ____ types of cones in the eye.

three

What is the purpose of the pupillary light reflex?

to protect the retina

When body temperature increases, thermoreceptors are stimulated and send nerve signals to the CNS. The CNS sends motor signals to sweat glands, which attempt to reduce body temperature. This is an example of a __________ reflex.

visceral

The optic nerve (CN II) carries the special sense of

vision.

Color blindness is more prevalent in females than in males.

False

Optic Disc

Area where optic nerve exits the eye. Nerve signal moves out toward the brain.

Which nervous system controls glands, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle?

Autonomic

Retina

Contains visual receptors called rods and cones. The sensory part of the eye.

An organ that receives both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers is said to have what?

Dual innervation

This results if the eyes are unable to converge appropriately.

diplopia

The digestive tract has a nervous system of its own called the _________ nervous system.

enteric

The older we get the ______ the near point of accommodation moves.

farther