Quiz 5 Ancient Rome
What happened after Diocletian resigned as emperor?
Civil war, ending with Constantine's reign
What city was the capital of the eastern empire?
Constantinople
Who instituted what is called the "Great Prosecution" of the Christians?
Diocletian
When did Constantine receive his fateful sign?
On the night before an important battle
What city was the capital of the Western empire in the 5th century CE?
Ravenna
What happened in 476 CE?
The Western Roman Emperor was deposed
What writing did Constantine supposedly see in the sky?
"In the sign, conquer"
About what percentage of the population of the Roman Empire was Christian during the reign of Constantine?
10%
How many false beliefs and practices did one bishop count already by the 4th century AD?
156
In what year was the Edict of Milan issued?
313 AD
What was the Roman office of "vicar" origionally?
A deputy in charge of a province
What was a basilica originally?
A public building housing government offices
Who was Constantine's father?
A soldier
What was a diocese originally?
An administrative area run by a vicar
What was Diocletian's background?
An uneducated soldier
What two ranks were used among the tetrarchs?
Augustus and Caesar
How did the Eastern emperors guard their boarders from the Huns?
Bribery
What Roman territory was taken over by the Anglo-Saxons in the 5th century CE?
British Isles
What word is used by scholars to refer to the Eastern half of the Roman empire after the fall of the west?
Byzantine
What was the previous name of Constantinople?
Byzantium
What was the most popular public entertainment in the late eastern empire?
Chariot racing
Who founded the Frankish kingdom that would eventually become modern France?
Clovis
Who issues the Edict of Milan?
Constantine
Who summoned the Council of Nicea?
Constantine
Who was Diocletian's successor?
Constantine
Who was the first Christian emperor?
Constantine
Who supposedly went on pilgrimage to Jerusalem and found, among other things, the True Cross?
Constantines mother
What city did Constantine found in order to serve as a new Christian capital of the empire?
Constantinople
What does the word "orthodox" mean?
Correct belief
What was Constantine's mother?
Daughter of an innkeeper
What emperor established the tetrarchy at Rome?
Diocletian
What emperor instituted the Great Persecution of Christians?
Diocletian
Who introduced courtiers and elaborate court ceremony to the Roman imperial government?
Diocletian
What change did Diocletian enact?
Divided the empire into two
What title did Diocletian use?
Dominus
What did Christians do other Christians who betrayed the faith by naming names to pagan authorities?
Excommunicated them
How did Justinian treat non-Christians?
Forced to be baptized or forfeit their lands
What Roman territory was taken over by the Franks in the 5th-6th century CE?
Gaul
How did the western Romans deal with the invading Visogoths in the early 5th century?
Gave the southwestern Gaul as a federated kingdom of their own
What was the everyday common language in the eastern empire?
Greek
How did Diocletian change the nature of the government?
He asserted his autocracy most aggressively
How did Diocletian address the financial crisis?
He made many occupations both mandatory and hereditary
Why did Constantine ban private auguries?
He was afraid the results would encourage enemies of the state to rise against him
What happened to Constantine's oldest son, Crispus?
He was executed by his father
What happened to the last western Roman emperor?
He was made to retire
Who succeeded Constantine to the throne?
His three sons
Why did early Christians often delay baptism?
In order to wait until all opportunity to sin was over
Starting in the 7th century CE, Eastern Rome lost large tracts of land to whom?
Islamic armies
How was Christian theology useful to the Constantine politically?
It provided the rationale for the absolute monarch
Why did today's surviving classical literature survive?
It served as textbooks for educating the young
What Roman territory was taken over by the Ostrogoths in the 5th century CE?
Italy
What emperor codified the laws of Rome for the first time?
Justinian
What emperor famously tried to reunite the two halves of the Roman empire in the 6th century CE?
Justinian
What did the successors of Constantine do over time?
Killed nearly all their male relatives
What word was used to describe the Frankish kingdom establish in the 5th and 6th centuries?
Merovingian
How did taxes change under Diocletian and later emperors?
More and more taxes were paid in kind
How was Julian related to Constantine the Great?
Nephew
What Roman territory was taken over by the Vandals in the 5th century CE?
Northern Africa
What special status did the Edict of Milan give to the Christians?
Nothing special
When was Constantine baptized?
On his deathbed
What did Theodosius do in 391 CE?
Outlawed animal sacrifices
What is werglid?
Payment die to atone for a murder
What caused the barbarian migrations of the 5th century CE?
Pressure from the Huns in the East
What did Julian attempt to do to oppose Christians subtly?
Rebuild the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem
What did Constantine NOT do in order to help Christianity?
Required all government officials to be Christians
What restrictions did Diocletian institute?
Restrictions on individual travel
Who were the "men in black"?
Rigorist monks who opposed pagans
What caused the Donatist schism in Carthage?
Rigorists refused to recognize the authorities of the bishop who had aided pagan authorities in the persecutions.
What word was used by the people in it to refer to the Eastern half of the Roman empire after the fall of the west?
Roman
What was the federated state of the Visogoths modeled on?
Roman government
Who was the last western Roman emperor?
Romulus Augustulus
What did traditional German government look like?
Rudimentary, with assemblies of the free male warriors attending a chief
What financial problem faced Diocletian when he assumed power?
Runaway inflation
Who was the chief god worshipped by Julian?
Sol Invictus
What Roman territory was taken over by the Visogoths in the 5th century CE?
Southwestern Gaul and Spain
What was the name for the division of power instituted by Domitian?
Tetrarchy
Under what name is Julian known in history?
The Apostate
According to one version, Constantine had a dream telling him to put what sign on his soldiers' shields?
The Chi-Rho
What was the core dissenting belief among the Arians?
The Jesus is a lesser being than God the Father
What Prevented the Huns from sacking Rome in 452 CE?
The Pop paid a huge bribe
What happened in 410 CE?
The Visogoths sacked Rome
Why did the Visogoths cross the Danube into Rome in 376 CE?
The emperor allowed them them to cross on condition that they serve in the army
What Roman ruler(s) first criminalized the rites and rituals of paganism in general?
The sons of Constantine
What Roman emperor formally elevated Christianity to be the state religion of Rome?
Theodosius
What happened in general to judicial verdicts in Diocletian's time?
They become much more harsh
What strategy did the eastern emperors use to keep the barbarians out?
They employed a combination of bribery and pushing them west
How did the western emperors unintentionally contributed to the barbarian migrations of the 5th century CE?
They recruited Germans heavily to serve in the army
How did Christian emperors treat the Jews?
They were allowed to exist, but with legal restrictions imposed upon them
If a sect was declared an anathema, what happened to its members?
They were excommunicated
Why, once settled in the Roman empire, did the Visogoths rebel?
They were exploited and starved by the officials in charge of helping them
What best characterized the western Roman emperors in the 5th century CE?
They were treated as puppets by the Ostrogoths
What right did the Visogoths earn from Theodosius in the aftermath of Adrianople?
To establish a federated Kingdom under their own laws within the Roman borders
What right was guaranteed in the Edict of Milan?
To worship any or all gods freely
What does the word "catholic" mean?
Universal
What was the outcome of the Battle of Adrianople in 378 CE?
Visogoths killed the Eastern emperor and two-thirds of the Roman army
What practice did Diocletian adopt, which was followed by later emperors?
Wearing jeweled robes and a gold crown
What was the first major question that faced Christians once their religion was legal?
What to do with those who had betrayed the faith during the Great Persecution
What was one of the issues that faced the council of Nicea?
What was the proper date of Easter?
What famous vowel--the difference between two key Greek words--caused an enormous division within the Christian community?
iota
What statement is true about the Roman Empire by the end of the 4th century CE?
it was formally divided into two halves