Quiz #7, Chapter 6

glutamate; substance P

A mild degree of pain releases the neurotransmitter ____. A more intense pain also releases ____.

Synesthesia

A person who "sees" spoken language or music may be experiencing ____.

Auditory cortex map of sounds

A tonotopic map refers to a(n) ____.

Basilar membrane vibrates in synchrony with a sound, producing action potentials at the same frequency

According to the frequency theory, the ____.

True (1)

According to the place theory, the basilar membrane resembles the strings of a piano in that each area along the membrane is tuned to a specific frequency. (T or F)

The jelly-like substance in one of the semicircular canals to push against hair cells

An acceleration of the head at any angle causes ____.

Analyzing the meaning of sounds

Areas bordering the primary auditory cortex are important for ____.

Blindness; deafness to complex sounds

Damage to V1 produces ____ and damage to A1 produces ____.

Hair cells in the cochlea vibrate, causing ion channels to open in their membrane.

How do sound waves ultimately result in the production of receptor potentials?

Hundreds

How many kinds of olfactory receptors do we have?

Mechanical displacement

In the auditory system, hair cells are specialized receptors that respond to ____.

Histamine release

Itching is primarily the result of ____.

Carry sharp pain information

Large-diameter pain axons ____.

Amplitude; frequency

Loudness is to ____ as pitch is to ____.

Elaborate neuron endings for touch

Meissner's corpuscles are ____.

Mimicking the effects of endorphins at the synapses

Morphine and other opiate drugs decrease sensitivity to pain by ____.

​Hundreds of types of receptor molecules, each responsive to a different chemical

Olfactory information is coded in receptor cells through ____.

Rapid mechanical pressure

Pacinian corpuscles respond best to ____.​

Simple, bare neuron endings

Pain receptors of the skin are ____.

Movement of objects and sounds

Patients with damage in area MT have problems with perception of ____.

True (2)

Surrounding the primary auditory cortex are additional auditory areas, in which cells respond more to changes in sounds than to any prolonged sound. (T or F)

True (3)

Taste receptors are continually being replaced. (T or F)

Due to a phenomenon like the phantom limb

Tinnitus may be ____.

​Movement of the head

What does the vestibular system detect?

Substance P

What neurotransmitter is released by axons that carry pain information to the brain?