QUIZ ch.3

The human sleep cycle repeats itself about every

90 minutes

After ingesting a small dose of a psychoactive drug, Laqueta experienced vivid visual hallucinations and felt as if she were separated from her own body. Laqueta most likely experienced the effects of

LSD

Which drugs are most likely to be prescribed as tranquilizers?

barbiturates

Depressants are drugs such as

barbiturates and opiates

When cocaine is snorted, free-based, or injected, it produces a rush of euphoria by

blocking the reuptake of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine

While a man provided directions to a construction worker, two experimenters rudely interrupted by passing between them carrying a door. The man's failure to notice that the construction worker was replaced by a different person during this interruption illustrates

change blindness

With the approach of night, our body temperatures begin to drop. This best illustrates the dynamics of the

circadian rhythm

One of the dangers of using Ecstasy at all-night dances is

dehydration

In large doses, alcohol is a ________; in small amounts, it is a ________.

depressant; depressant

Which drug can produce physical dependence

diazepam

The simultaneous processing of information at both conscious and unconscious levels is called

dual processing

Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere is called

inattentional blindness

Psychoactive drugs influence neurotransmission by stimulating, mimicking, or ________ the activity of neurotransmitters.

inhibiting

One night in his dreams, Andy was a spy and his partner was Daniel Craig. On another night Andy flew like Superman through the Grand Canyon. On both nights Andy knew that he was dreaming, didn't wake up, and was in complete control of the dream. Andy has mastered

lucid dreaming

THC, the active ingredient in ________, is classified as a ________.

marijuana; stimulant

A ________ of cocaine users become addicted within 10 years after their first use of the drug. The ________ of America's ex-smokers have kicked the tobacco habit on their own.

minority; majority

Under the influence of alcohol, angered people are ________ likely to be aggressive than they would otherwise be and restaurant patrons are ________ likely to tip generously than they otherwise would.

more; more

When experiencing the hollow head illusion, a person who is told to remove a bug at the tip of Charlie Chaplin's nose will

most likely try to scoop the bug out of Charlie's nose

Symptoms of drug withdrawal are likely to be

most severe among those with high levels of drug tolerance

Morphine and heroin are

opiates

Consciousness is

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

Physical pain and intense cravings indicate

physical dependence

Exposure to bright light causes the

pineal gland to decrease the production of melatonin

Chemical substances that alter perceptions and moods are called ________ drugs.

psychoactive

Our inability to consciously process all the sensory information available to us at any single point in time best illustrates the necessity of

selective attention

The cocktail party effect provides an example of

selective attention

A rewarding consequence of cigarette smoking is that it reduces

sensitivity to pain

A periodic, natural loss of consciousness that involves five distinct stages is known as

sleep

The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during Stage 2 sleep are called

sleep spindles

Compared with unconscious information processing, conscious information processing is relatively

slow and especially effective for solving new problems

Amphetamines are to ________ as barbiturates are to ________.

stimulants; depressants

Sleep deprivation ________ the production of body fat by ________ levels of the stress hormone cortisol.

stimulates; increasing

REM rebound involves the

tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation.

Our inability to fall asleep early, as we had planned, is most likely a reflection of

the circadian rhythm

Arlette often consumes up to six cocktails in a row before she experiences any noticeable symptoms of intoxication. This suggests that Arlette has developed

tolerance

When Celeste was unable to obtain her regular supply of heroin, she began to develop pain and an intense craving for the drug. Celeste was experiencing symptoms of

withdrawal

Prolonged and excessive drinking can shrink the brain most intensely in ________ who have ________ of a stomach enzyme that digests alcohol.

women; less

Forty-year-old Lance insists that he never dreams. Research suggests that he probably

would report a vivid dream if he were awakened during REM sleep

At 3 o'clock in the morning, John has already slept for 4 hours. As long as his sleep continues, we can expect an increasing occurrence of

REM sleep

Fast and jerky movements of the eyes are especially likely to be associated with

REM sleep

Genital arousal is most likely to be associated with

REM sleep

Circadian rhythm refers to

a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle

The release of stored serotonin and the eventual damage of serotonin-producing neurons is most closely associated with the long-term use of

ecstasy

Young teens are most likely to start smoking in order to

gain social acceptance