QUIZ ch.3
The human sleep cycle repeats itself about every
90 minutes
After ingesting a small dose of a psychoactive drug, Laqueta experienced vivid visual hallucinations and felt as if she were separated from her own body. Laqueta most likely experienced the effects of
LSD
Which drugs are most likely to be prescribed as tranquilizers?
barbiturates
Depressants are drugs such as
barbiturates and opiates
When cocaine is snorted, free-based, or injected, it produces a rush of euphoria by
blocking the reuptake of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine
While a man provided directions to a construction worker, two experimenters rudely interrupted by passing between them carrying a door. The man's failure to notice that the construction worker was replaced by a different person during this interruption illustrates
change blindness
With the approach of night, our body temperatures begin to drop. This best illustrates the dynamics of the
circadian rhythm
One of the dangers of using Ecstasy at all-night dances is
dehydration
In large doses, alcohol is a ________; in small amounts, it is a ________.
depressant; depressant
Which drug can produce physical dependence
diazepam
The simultaneous processing of information at both conscious and unconscious levels is called
dual processing
Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere is called
inattentional blindness
Psychoactive drugs influence neurotransmission by stimulating, mimicking, or ________ the activity of neurotransmitters.
inhibiting
One night in his dreams, Andy was a spy and his partner was Daniel Craig. On another night Andy flew like Superman through the Grand Canyon. On both nights Andy knew that he was dreaming, didn't wake up, and was in complete control of the dream. Andy has mastered
lucid dreaming
THC, the active ingredient in ________, is classified as a ________.
marijuana; stimulant
A ________ of cocaine users become addicted within 10 years after their first use of the drug. The ________ of America's ex-smokers have kicked the tobacco habit on their own.
minority; majority
Under the influence of alcohol, angered people are ________ likely to be aggressive than they would otherwise be and restaurant patrons are ________ likely to tip generously than they otherwise would.
more; more
When experiencing the hollow head illusion, a person who is told to remove a bug at the tip of Charlie Chaplin's nose will
most likely try to scoop the bug out of Charlie's nose
Symptoms of drug withdrawal are likely to be
most severe among those with high levels of drug tolerance
Morphine and heroin are
opiates
Consciousness is
our awareness of ourselves and our environment
Physical pain and intense cravings indicate
physical dependence
Exposure to bright light causes the
pineal gland to decrease the production of melatonin
Chemical substances that alter perceptions and moods are called ________ drugs.
psychoactive
Our inability to consciously process all the sensory information available to us at any single point in time best illustrates the necessity of
selective attention
The cocktail party effect provides an example of
selective attention
A rewarding consequence of cigarette smoking is that it reduces
sensitivity to pain
A periodic, natural loss of consciousness that involves five distinct stages is known as
sleep
The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during Stage 2 sleep are called
sleep spindles
Compared with unconscious information processing, conscious information processing is relatively
slow and especially effective for solving new problems
Amphetamines are to ________ as barbiturates are to ________.
stimulants; depressants
Sleep deprivation ________ the production of body fat by ________ levels of the stress hormone cortisol.
stimulates; increasing
REM rebound involves the
tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation.
Our inability to fall asleep early, as we had planned, is most likely a reflection of
the circadian rhythm
Arlette often consumes up to six cocktails in a row before she experiences any noticeable symptoms of intoxication. This suggests that Arlette has developed
tolerance
When Celeste was unable to obtain her regular supply of heroin, she began to develop pain and an intense craving for the drug. Celeste was experiencing symptoms of
withdrawal
Prolonged and excessive drinking can shrink the brain most intensely in ________ who have ________ of a stomach enzyme that digests alcohol.
women; less
Forty-year-old Lance insists that he never dreams. Research suggests that he probably
would report a vivid dream if he were awakened during REM sleep
At 3 o'clock in the morning, John has already slept for 4 hours. As long as his sleep continues, we can expect an increasing occurrence of
REM sleep
Fast and jerky movements of the eyes are especially likely to be associated with
REM sleep
Genital arousal is most likely to be associated with
REM sleep
Circadian rhythm refers to
a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle
The release of stored serotonin and the eventual damage of serotonin-producing neurons is most closely associated with the long-term use of
ecstasy
Young teens are most likely to start smoking in order to
gain social acceptance