Quiz questions

NIST defines a Threat as a

"violation or imminent threat of violation of computer security policies, acceptable use policies, or standard security practices."

Select all that apply. Which of the following statements about advanced persistent threats (APTs) are true?

APTs typically originate from sources such as organized crime groups, activists or governments, APTs use obfuscation techniques that help them remain undiscovered for months or even years, APTs are often long-term, multi-phase projects with a focus on reconnaissance

What control mechanism defines authentication and authorization protocols for users?

Access controls

Which of the following are considered functional areas of network management as defined by ISO?

Accounting management, Fault management, Performance management, Security management

Responsibilities and/or duties of Governance, Risk Management and Compliance (GRC)

Adherence to required laws and regulations, Implementation of required procedures, Development of internal controls to mitigate risk, Adherence to voluntary contractual requirements.

There key benefits of the DMZ system are

An intruder must penetrate three separate devices, Private network addresses are not disclosed to the Internet, Internal systems do not have direct access to the Internet

Which is associated with identifying digital assets

Asset management

The number and types of layers needed for defense in depth are a function of

Asset value, criticality, reliability of each control and degree of exposure.

In practical applications:

Asymmetric key encryption is used to securely obtain symmetric keys

Where should an organization's network terminate virtual private network (VPN) tunnels?

At the perimeter, to allow for effective internal monitoring

In most information security organizations, which role sets the overall strategic direction

Board of Directors

Business continuity plans (BCPs) associated with organizational information systems should be developed primarily on the basis of:

Business needs

Maintaining a high degree of confidence regarding the integrity of evidence requires a(n):

Chain of custody

Which three elements of the current threat landscape have provided increased levels of access and connectivity, and therefore increased opportunities for cybercrime

Cloud computing, social media and mobile computing

Which information security component considers the level of sensitivity and legal requirements and is subject to change over time

Confidentiality

A segmented network

Consists of two or more security zones

Which element of an incident response plan involves obtaining and preserving evidence

Containment

Outsourcing poses the greatest risk to an organization when it involves:

Core business functions

Which of the following falls within the scope of risk management

Cyber risk, investment risk and financial risk

The following statement is false:

Cybersecurity includes protection of paper documents

All of the following statements are true:

Cybersecurity is a component of information security, Cybersecurity deals with the protection of digital assets, Cybersecurity should align with enterprise information security objectives

Cybersecurity role that is charged with the duty of managing incidents and remediation?

Cybersecurity management

Which role is generally responsible for the design, implementation, management processes and technical controls within a security organization

Cybersecurity practitioners

To which of the following layers of the Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) model would one map Ethernet?

Data Link

A business continuity plan (BCP) is not complete unless it includes:

Detailed procedures

The Internet perimeter should

Detect and block traffic from infected internal end points, Eliminate threats such as email spam, viruses and worms, Control user traffic bound toward the Internet, Monitor and detect network ports for rogue activity.

Potential consequences of lack of confidentiality

Disclosure of information protected by privacy laws, Legal action against the enterprise, Interference with national security

An interoperability error is what type of vulnerability?

Emergent

The process of converting plaintext messages, applying a mathematical function to them and producing ciphertext messages is called:

Encryption

best states the role of encryption within an overall cybersecurity program

Encryption is an essential but incomplete form of access control

Risk management does not involve

Ensuring information security objectives are achieved

During which phase of the six-phase incident response model is the root cause determined?

Eradication

The degree to which a user or program can create, modify, read, or write to a file is called

File permission

What is one advantage of a firewall implemented in software over a firewall appliance?

Flexibility

Potential consequences of lack of confidentiality except

Fraud

Types of backups

Full, incremental and differential

This key function ensures that organizational objectives and stakeholder needs are aligned with desired outcomes through effective decision making and prioritization.

Governance

A cryptology tool used to prove message integrity using algorithms to create unique numeric values

Hashes

Updates in cloud-computing environments can be rolled out quickly because the environment is:

Homogeneous

Establishment and maintenance of user profiles that define the authentication, authorization and access controls for each user is called

Identity management

Governance involves all of the following except

Implement contractual obligations

Potential consequences of lack of integrity

Inaccuracy, Erroneous decisions, Fraud

Which term describes the overall structure designed to protect an organization from disclosure of information to unauthorized users, improper modification of data, and non-access to systems

Information security

Cybersecurity involves the protection of the following digital assets

Information that is processed, stored or transported within internetworked information systems

Virtual systems should be managed using a dedicated virtual local area network (VLAN) because

Insecure protocols could result in a compromise of privileged user credentials

A week of severe rainstorms has flooded your company's building. All servers have been ruined. It is estimated that business will be down for 3 weeks. This is an example of

Lack of availability

System hardening should implement the principle of

Least privilege or access control

Which type of documentation records details of information or events in an organized record-keeping system, usually sequenced in the order in which they occurred

Log

Methods of control can help protect integrity

Logging, Digital Signatures, Hashes, Encryption

Potential consequences resulting from lack of availability include

Loss of functionality and operational effectiveness, Loss of productive time, Interference with enterprise's objectives

Vulnerability management begins with an understanding of cybersecurity assets and their locations, which can be accomplished by

Maintaining an asset inventory.

Under the US-CERT model for incident categorization, a CAT-3 incident refers to which of the following?

Malicious code

Virtualization involves

Multiple guests coexisting on the same server in isolation of one another

The concept that a message or other piece of information is genuine is called

Nonrepudiation

Which cybersecurity principle is most important when attempting to trace the source of malicious activity?

Nonrepudiation

Risk assessments should be performed

On a regular basis

Which terms describe the overall concept of information security?

Ongoing, Evolving, Systemic

A differential backup

Only copies files that have changed since last full backup

Securing Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems can be challenging because they

Operate in specialized environments and often have non-standard design elements

Choose three. Which types of risk are typically associated with mobile devices?

Organizational risk, Technical risk, Physical risk

The attack mechanism directed against a system is commonly called a(n):

Payload

A passive network hub operates at which layer of the OSI model?

Physical

During which phase of the system development lifecycle (SDLC) should security first be considered?

Planning

Put the steps of the penetration testing phase into the correct order

Planning, Discovery, Attack, Reporting

Arrange the steps of the incident response process into the correct order

Preparation, Detection and analysis, Investigation, Mitigation and recovery, Postincident analysis

According to the NIST framework, which of the following are considered key functions necessary for the protection of digital assets?

Protect, Recover, Identify

The primary objective of cybersecurity is

Protecting a company's digital assets

The best definition for cybersecurity?

Protecting information assets by addressing threats to information that is processed, stored or transported by interworked information systems

Integrity is described as

Protection of information from unauthorized modification

Governance involves all of the following

Provide strategic direction, Ensure responsible use of company resources, Evaluate whether risk is managed appropriately

Governance has several goals, including

Providing strategic direction, Ensuring that objectives are achieved, Verifying that organizational resources are being used appropriately, Ascertaining whether risk is being managed properly.

Risk management involves which of the following activities

Recognizing risk, Assessing impact and likelihood of risk, Developing strategies to mitigate risk

The activity that ensures business processes continue after a security incident

Recovery

When two or more controls work in parallel to protect an asset, it is called

Redundancy

Three common controls used to protect the availability of information are

Redundancy, backups and access controls

Describes the activities required to identify the occurrence of a cybersecurity incident

Security continuous monitoring, detection and evaluating anomalies/incidents

Which of the following interpret requirements and apply them to specific situations?

Standards

A firewall that tracks open connection-oriented protocol sessions is said to be:

Stateful

A cybersecurity architecture designed around the concept of a perimeter is said to be:

System-centric

Authentication is defined as

The act of verifying identity, The act of verifying a user's eligibility to access computerized information

Describe authentication

The act of verifying identity, Verification of the correctness of a piece of data, Designed to protect against fraudulent logon activity, Verifying a user's eligibility to access computerized information

Select all that apply. A business impact analysis (BIA) should identify

The estimated probability of the identified threats actually occurring, The efficiency and effectiveness of existing risk mitigation controls, A list of potential vulnerabilities, dangers and/or threats.

Smart devices, BYOD strategies and freely available applications and services are all examples of:

The reorientation of technologies and services designed around the individual end user.

Which two factors are used to calculate the likelihood of an event?

Threat and vulnerability

Nonrepudiation is implemented through which methods

Transactional logs, Digital signatures

Select three. The chain of custody contains information regarding

Who had access to the evidence, in chronological order, Proof that the analysis is based on copies identical to the original evidence, The procedures followed in working with the evidence

Which of the following offers the strongest protection for wireless network traffic?

Wireless Protected Access 2 (WPA2)

Malware

also called malicious code, is software designed to gain access to targeted computer systems, steal information or disrupt computer operations.

Patches

are solutions to software programming and coding errors.

Standards

are used to interpret policies in specific situations.

The path or route used to gain access to the target asset is known as a

attack vector

Policies

communicate required and prohibited activities and behaviors.

Guidelines

contain step-by-step instructions to carry out procedures.

Session layer of the OSI

coordinates and manages user connections

Transport layer of the OSI

ensures that data are transferred reliably in the correct sequence

Identity Management

includes many components such as directory services, authentication and authorization services, and user management capabilities such as provisioning and deprovisioning.

Rootkit

is a class of malware that hides the existence of other malware by modifying the underlying operating system.

A vulnerability

is a weakness in the design, implementation, operation or internal controls in a process that could be exploited to violate the system security

A threat

is anything capable of acting against an asset in a manner that can cause harm.

Cloud computing

is defined as "a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management or service provider interaction

A asset

is something of value worth protecting.

In an attack, the container that delivers the exploit to the target is called

payload

Procedures

provide details on how to comply with policies and standards.

The core duty of cybersecurity is to identify, respond and manage

risk to an organization's digital assets.