Quizzes

________________________ are released during bacterial growth, but ______________________ are released when the bacteria die.

Exotoxins; endotoxins

A new nurse asks, "Why is fever associated with inflammation? What causes it?" Choose the best response.

Inflammatory chemicals called cytokines (exogenous and endogenous) cause fever.

Which statement is TRUE regarding chronic inflammation?

It involves the presence of mononuclear cells like lymphocytes

The antigenicity/immunogenicity of Virus ABC is high. This means that:

It provokes a strong immune response.

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the inflammatory response of neonates?

Neonates have neutrophils which are not capable of efficient chemotaxis.

Which statement is TRUE regarding neutrophils?

Neutrophils are the predominant phagocytes of early inflammation

The ability to produce disease is known as which of the following?

Pathogenicity

One innate immune cell can recognize many different types of pathogenic bacteria because it has

Pattern recognition receptors

Which of the following mediators results in pain during inflammation?

Prostaglandins and bradykinin

Which component of the blood surrounds and consumes foreign material in phagocytosis?

White blood cells

Recombination into a new virus from two different species is known as:

antigenic shift

Antigenic variation helps a pathogen to

avoid recognition by the host

Bacteria that have a ________________________ are difficult to phagocytize by the body's immune system.

capsule

The ability of the influenza virus to spread from one individual to others and cause disease is known as

communicability

Modes of infection transmission include

droplet transmission, direct contact, airborne transmission

Previously unknown infections are known as _______________________ infections.

emerging

The hallmark clinical manifestation of an infection is

fever

In the earlier stages of an inflammatory process, leukocytosis occurs due to which of the following?

increase in monocytes and macrophages; decrease in eosinophils at the tissue injury site

A man developed an upper respiratory infection 3 days after his sick daughter sneezed on him. His infection had a 3 day

incubation period

A patient complains of a dry cough, body aches, and a fever. Which of the following would you suspect is occurring?

influenza

The stage of chronic viral infections when the virus is dormant and integrating itself into the host cell's genetic material:

latency

Which of the following is a cellular inflammatory mediator?

neutrophil

The endothelium maintains normal blood flow in the body by production of ________________________ to maintain vascular tone.

nitric oxide

AIDS patients frequently develop fungal infections. These infections may not cause disease in a healthy person but are able to cause disease when an individual's immune system is compromised. This is known as a _

opportunistic infection

Cancer is on the rise across the globe. Which term describes this phenomenon

pandemic

A person arrives at the clinic and reports mild tiredness and discomfort after exposure to a family member with the flu. The nurse suspects the person is in the

prodromal period

Vaginal yeast infections are common in women who are on antibiotics because

the antibiotics kill the resident flora

Clinical manifestations of infectious disease are:

variable, depending on the pathogen the same for every person

Malaria is spread from one individual to another by a mosquito. The mosquito carries the infectious microorganism from one individual to another and is known as

vector

The capacity of a microorganism to cause SEVERE disease is known as

virulence