RADIOLOGY FINAL
in order to avoid the primary beam while taking dental images you should stand at a ____ - degree to ____ degree angle to the beam
90;135
Which of the following is the name for the primary kind of radiation produced in the dental x-ray tubehead?
Braking radiation
What is the purpose of the insulating oil that fills the x-ray machine housing and surrounds the x-ray tube?
Absorbs heat created by the production of x-rays.
An administrative quality control plan
All of the above are correct.
Dental records must contain documentation of the ______ of dental images taken.
All of the above are correct.
Which of the following must be disclosed to the patient before obtaining informed consent for dental radiographs?
All of the above are correct.
Primary radiation is
Both A and B
Because the entire x-ray area is considered a radiation hazard area, a radiation hazard sign must be posted in
Both A and B.
When in storage, the lead apron should be
Both A and C.
Highly resistant bacterial and mycotic (fungal) spores are not killed during disinfection procedures; (2) however, highly resistant bacterial and mycotic spores are killed during sterilization.
Both statements are true.
the lead apron
Is recommended for intraoral films
Which of the following statements is true of characteristic radiation?
It only occurs at 70 kV and above.
If you change the exposure time of the x-ray unit, what is affected?
Number of x-rays produced
The dentist who is credited making the first dental radiograph in 1895 is
Otto Walkhoff.
Recommendations concerning gloves would fall under which of the following categories of infection control practices that directly relate to dental imaging procedures?
Personal protective equipment
Which of the following should you do prior to taking x-rays to protect your patient from radiation exposure?
Proper prescribing of radiographs
added filtration in the dental X-ray tube head
Results in a more penetrating useful beam
(1) The text recommends that you choose a particular order for viewing the mounted radiographs to prevent skipping a radiograph. (2) When viewing radiographs, you should look carefully at each film so that you only have to look at the set of radiographs once.
The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
(1) X-ray photon production occurs as a result of both general and characteristic radiation. (2) General radiation accounts for a small number of x-ray photons produced because it takes high kV to dislodge the electrons from the K shell.
The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
which of the following forms of electromagnetic radiation are capable of ionization
X-rays
Calibration of dental x-ray equipment should be performed by
a qualified technician.
The standard of care can be defined as the quality of care that is provided by dental practitioners in _______ locality under _________________ conditions.
a similar; the same or similar
Antiseptic is
a substance that inhibits the growth of bacteria.
The uses of dental images include the detection of
abnormalities in surrounding hard and soft tissues
mounted radiographs increase
accessibility for interpretation
a patient is concerned with radiation exposure. you can assure him that your office uses the ALARA concept, which includes
all of the above
an example of cumulative radiation exposure is
all of the above
The function of the _________ filter in the x-ray tube is to ____________________.
aluminum; remove long wavelengths from the beam
Which of the following is the basic form of matter?
an atom
the ALARA concept states that all radiation must be kept
as low as reasonably achievable
the fundamental unit of matter is the
atom
the primary dictum of operator protection guidelines is that the operator must
avoid the primary beam
All the following are true statements regarding the preparation of the operatory for dental imaging except
barriers do not need to be used because spatter of blood and saliva is unlikely.
Exposed receptors should ________ dried and then placed in a _________________ for transport to the darkroom for processing.
be; disposable container
a step down transformer is necessary within the X-ray circuitry to
boil off electrons from the filament
radiation is the emission and propagation of energy through space or a substance in the form of waves or particles. radioactivity can be defined as the process by which certain unstable atoms or elements undergo spontaneous disintegration or decay in an effort to attain a more balanced nuclear state
both statements are true
damage caused by ionizing x radiation to genetic cells
can affect future generations
All the following are true of electromagnetic radiation except they
contain radioactive substances such as uranium.
your patient is a 5 year old boy who you have been seeing since he was years old. he is always eating candy and drinking cola beverages. six months ago he had A,J and T restored. one year ago he had B, I, and l restored. which of the following should you do regarding taking radiographs?
dental images are taken every two years
which of the following is the only member of the dental team who is legally allowed to interpret and diagnose radiographs?
dentist
Cathode rays are derived from which of the following types of particulate radiation?
electrons
The component of the x-ray machine that functions in positioning the tubehead is the
extension arm
When handling film with barrier envelopes, the barrier envelopes are opened with __________ hands and the films unwrapped with ______________ hands.
gloved; nongloved
In dental radiography, film mounting is the placement of radiographs
in a supporting structure or holder.
inherent filtration in the dental X-ray tube head
includes filtration that takes place when the primary beam passes through the glass window of the X-ray tube, the insulating oil and tube head seal
the dentist says that the image has too much contrast; she would like to see more gray values. What adjustment would you make
increase KVP
heat is a byproduct of X-ray production. which component of the X-ray tube head dissipates the heat created by the production os X-rays
insulating oil
dental imaging
is all of the above
a film badge
is worn at waist level by the operator
which of the following statements is true of ionizing radiation
it is radiation that is capable of producing ions by removing or adding an electron to an atom
which would you adjust if you wanted to produce characteristic radiation?
kilovoltage
approximately what percentage of the kinetic energy of the electrons is converted to X-rays at the anode
less than 1 percent
a radiograph that has an overall gray appearance is generally preferred. this radiograph is said to have
low contrast
an opaque film mount is preferred because it
masks the light around each radiograph
all of the following structures will appear radiolucent on dental X-ray film except
metal restorations
which would you adjust if you wanted to create a larger electron cloud
milliamperage
If the patient is a minor, informed consent
must be obtained from a legal guardian.
the council that determines the radiation effects and levels tolerable for humans is the
national council on radiation protection and measurements
you have nineteen films, and the film holder holds twenty films. What should you do with the empty window frame?
put black opaque paper in the window
which of the following terms is used to describe the energy or penetrating ability of the X-ray beam in dental radiography
quality
the spontaneous emission of radiation from the disintegration of unstable atomic nuclei is
radioactivity
the guidelines for prescribing dental radiographs issued by the american dental association and the fda recommend which of the following dental imaging procedures for a pregnant patient
radiographic imaging procedures do not need to be altered because of pregnancy
secondary radiation
refers to x radiation that is created when the primary beam interacts with matter
the lead collimator is used to
restrict the size and shape of the primary beam
The collimator ____________
restricts the size and shape of the x-ray beam.
you are in charge of monitoring the film badges.film badges are checked on a quarterly basis. your co worker is 4 months pregnant. based on the NCRP what information should you give the dentist?
she has exceeded her maximum dosage and cannot have any more exposure during the pregnancy
in dentistry the ____ the wavelengths of the X-rays the greater their energy and their usefulness
shorter 9
which of the following types of position indicating devices produces scatter radiation?
square
Critical instruments are defined as instruments
that are used to penetrate soft tissue or bone.
which of the following components of the X-ray machine would have two indicator lights
the control panel
When the master switch is on
the electron cloud is created around the tungsten filament.
The time lapse from x-ray exposure until noticeable damage occurs is known as:
the latent period
which of the following statements is true of orbits or shells in the atom
the orbiting shell closest to the nucleus has the highest energy level
After seating the patient, the radiographer must complete which of the following procedures before washing the hands and putting on gloves? 1. Chair adjustment 2. Headrest adjustment 3. Placement of the lead apron
1,2,3
The Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act 1. outlines requirements for the safe use of dental x-ray equipment. 2. establishes guidelines for the proper maintenance of x-ray equipment. 3. requires persons who take dental images to be properly trained and certified.
1,2,3
Which of the following statements is true of the statute of limitations? 1. It often begins when the patient discovers or should have discovered that an injury has occurred as a result of dental negligence. 2. It is the time period during which a patient may bring a malpractice action. 3. It may not begin until years after the dental negligence occurred.
1,2,3
Who among the following categories of dental professionals is qualified to mount dental radiographs?
1,2,3
Which of the following viruses may be present in oral secretions? 1. Cytomegalovirus 2. Hepatitis B virus 3. Herpes simplex virus 4. Human immunodeficiency virus
1,2,3,4
An exposure time of 1/4 second is equal to _____ impulse(s).
15
For a film to be properly processed, it should be left in a fixer solution, at full strength, for
2 minutes
state and federal laws require that dental X-ray machines operating above 70 KVP have a minimum total of ___ mm of aluminum filtration
2.5
how much filtration is federally required for a dental X-ray machine operating over 70 KVP
2.50 mm
Which of the following can be used for cleaning and disinfection of the dental unit and environmental surfaces?
EPA-registered chlorine-containing compounds labeled as both hospital disinfectants and tuberculocidals
____-speed film is currently the fastest intraoral film available.
F
Which of the following should you do to prepare your treatment room prior to taking a dental image?
Follow infection control procedures.
Your radiographs have just exited the processor. When should you mount them?
Immediately
your next patient is a 35 year old man who you have been seeing for the past 10 years. the only treatment he has needed since coming to the dental practice has been his 6 month prophys. he has no periodontal issues and is on a 6 month recall cycle. you last took four bitewings 1 year ago. which of the following should you do
no images will be needed for 5 years
Exposure to radiation
no matter how small, has the potential to cause harmful biological changes.
When handling film with barrier envelopes, the films are unwrapped with _________ hands, and when handling film without barrier envelopes, the films are unwrapped with _____________ hands.
nongloved; gloved
It is desirable that radiographs be identified with each of the following pieces of information, but it is critical that they be labeled with the
patient's name and date of exposure.
which property of X-rays allows for the image on the receptor
penetrating power
The Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act is a federal law that requires all
persons who use x-rays to take dental images to be properly trained and certified
The simplest method for ensuring the freshness of each box of film is to
process one film from each box with fresh chemicals.
The nucleus of an atom contains
protons and neutrons
All the following are true regarding the transfer of dental images except
the originals are sent.
interaction with the X-ray photon as a result of the photoelectric effect is harmful to the patient because ionization occurs
the statement is true
your X-ray machine runs off 110 volts. theoretically what would occur if there was not step down transformer in the X-ray control panel
too many electrons would be produced for the purpose of dental X-rays. only 3-5 volts are required to heat the tungsten filament
Two indicators that will help you in determining which way to mount bite-wing radiographs are (1) the curve of Spee curves _______________ toward the distal, and (2) mandibular molars have __________ distinct roots.
upward; two
Following removal of an exposed film or PSP from a patient's mouth, the film/PSP should be
wiped free of saliva using a dry 2 ´ 2-inch gauze sponge or paper towel.
the heart of the X-ray generating system is the
xray tube
