RADR 1411 - Chapter 1

Arthrology is the study of?

Joints

Osteology is the study of?

Bones

Intramembranous Ossification is when bone replaces ________________.

Membranes

What is the function of the reproductive system?

Reproduce

Connective Tissue

binds together to support the various structures

Ossification is the process?

bone formation

The periosteum is essential for what (3) things?

bone growth, repair, nutrition

What is the nervous system made up of?

brain, spinal chord, nerves, ganglia, sense organs such as eyes and ears

Organs

when tissues join to perform specific functions

What are the (3) types of tissue joints?

Fibrous Joints, Carilaginous joints, Synovial joints

What (4) organs make up the male reproductive system?

Testes, vas deferens, prostate gland and penis

Irregular bones are peculiar in shape, what bones fall in this category?

Vertebrae, facial bones at the base of the cranium, bones of the pelvis.

What makes up the respiratory system?

lungs, nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea and bronchial tree

What makes up the lymphatic system?

lymph nodes, lymph vessels, lymph glands and the spleen

Nervous Tissue

makes up the substance of nerves and nerve centers

Muscular Tissue

makes up the substances of muscle

What makes up the alimentary canal?

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus

How many bones in the skeletal system

206

endochondral ossification process

-primary ossification center is in the diaphysis -secondary ossification center is in the epiphyses -bone replaces all cartilage except the articular cartilage and epiphyseal plates

What does the appendicular skeleton consist of?

126 bones of the extremities

What does the axial skeleton consist of?

80 total bones. Skull, vertebral Colum, ribs and sternum

What is the muscular system made up of?

All muscle tissues of the body

What are the (3) functions of the muscular system?

Allow movement, maintain posture, produce heat

Long Bones are found only in the ______________ skeleton.

Appendicular

Where can flat bones be found?

Calvarium (skull cap), sternum, ribs and scapulae

Endochondral Ossification is when bone replaces _____________.

Cartilage

Long bones consist of?

Compact bone, Cancellous bone, Diaphysis or Shaft, periosteum and hyaline cartilage

The placenta acts as a temporary _____________ gland.

Endocrine

What are the (4) types of tissue

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous

There are (2) kinds of bone formation

Intramembranous & Endochondral

What (4) organs make up the female reproductive system?

Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus and vagina

Intramembranous Ossication occurs ____________________. Endochondral Ossification occurs ______________________.

Quickly/Rapidly Slowly

What are the (3) types of muscle tissue?

Skeletal, Visceral (or smooth), cardiac

What is the largest organ of the body?

Skin - covers 7620 square centimeters in the average adult.

Red blood cells are produced by the red bone marrow is certain flat and irregular bones such as the _________, ____________, _____________, ___________.

Sternum, ribs, vertebrae and pelvis

What are the (3) functions of the respiratory system?

Supply oxygen to the blood and eventually the cells, eliminate carbon dioxide from the blood, assist in regulating the acid-base balance of the blood

What are the (3) structural classifications of joints?

Synarthrosis, Amphiarthrosis, Diarthrosis

Short bones are only found in what (2) areas?

Wrist and Ankles

Fibrous Joints lack _____________________

a joint cavity

What makes up the digestive system?

alimentary canal and accessory organs

Synarthrosis is _____________________________.

an immovable joint

What are cells

basic structural and function unit of the entire human body. Every single part of the body is composed of cells

Body Systems

consist of groups of organs that have similar functions. There are 10

Epithelial Tissue

covers internal and external surfaces of the body including lining of vessels and organs, such as stomach and intestine

What are the (6) functions of the circulatory system

distribute oxygen and nutrients to the cells, carry cell waste and carbon dioxide from the cells, transport water, electrolytes, hormones and enzymes, protect against disease, prevent hemorrhage by forming blood clots, help to regulate body temp

Synovial Joints are _____________________________

freely movable

Diarthrosis is a __________________________.

freely movable joint

What is tissue?

groups of similar cells that perform specific functions

What organs make up the cardiovascular system?

heart, blood, blood vessels

What organs make up the urinary system?

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Cartilaginous Joints allow only ___________________ movement and consist of bones connected entirely by ________________________.

little to no cartiledge

What are the (4) bone classifications?

long, short, flat, irregular

What are the (7) types of synovial joints?

plane, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball and socket, bicondylar

What is the function of the digestive system?

prepare food for absorption by the cells, eliminate solid waste from the body

What is the function of the endocrine system?

regulate body activities through the various hormones carried by the cardio vascular system

What is the function of the nervous system?

regulate body activities with electrical impulses traveling along various nerves

What are the (4) functions of the Integumentary system?

regulate body temp, protect the body, eliminate waste products through perspiration, receive certain stimuli such as temp, pressure and pain

What are the (4) functions of the urinary system?

regulate the chemical composition of the blood, eliminate waste, regulate fluid and electrolyte balance and volume, maintain the acid-base balance of the body

What is the integumentary system composed of?

skin, hair, nails, glands

Syndesmoses joint

slightly movable. two bones bound by a ligament (tibia/fibula, radius/ulna)

Amphiarthrosis

slightly moveable joint

What are the (4) functions of the skeletal system

support & protect the body, allow movement, produce blood cells, store calcium

What are (2) types of Cartilaginous Joints?

synchondroses and symphyses