RADR 1411 - Chapter 1
Arthrology is the study of?
Joints
Osteology is the study of?
Bones
Intramembranous Ossification is when bone replaces ________________.
Membranes
What is the function of the reproductive system?
Reproduce
Connective Tissue
binds together to support the various structures
Ossification is the process?
bone formation
The periosteum is essential for what (3) things?
bone growth, repair, nutrition
What is the nervous system made up of?
brain, spinal chord, nerves, ganglia, sense organs such as eyes and ears
Organs
when tissues join to perform specific functions
What are the (3) types of tissue joints?
Fibrous Joints, Carilaginous joints, Synovial joints
What (4) organs make up the male reproductive system?
Testes, vas deferens, prostate gland and penis
Irregular bones are peculiar in shape, what bones fall in this category?
Vertebrae, facial bones at the base of the cranium, bones of the pelvis.
What makes up the respiratory system?
lungs, nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea and bronchial tree
What makes up the lymphatic system?
lymph nodes, lymph vessels, lymph glands and the spleen
Nervous Tissue
makes up the substance of nerves and nerve centers
Muscular Tissue
makes up the substances of muscle
What makes up the alimentary canal?
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus
How many bones in the skeletal system
206
endochondral ossification process
-primary ossification center is in the diaphysis -secondary ossification center is in the epiphyses -bone replaces all cartilage except the articular cartilage and epiphyseal plates
What does the appendicular skeleton consist of?
126 bones of the extremities
What does the axial skeleton consist of?
80 total bones. Skull, vertebral Colum, ribs and sternum
What is the muscular system made up of?
All muscle tissues of the body
What are the (3) functions of the muscular system?
Allow movement, maintain posture, produce heat
Long Bones are found only in the ______________ skeleton.
Appendicular
Where can flat bones be found?
Calvarium (skull cap), sternum, ribs and scapulae
Endochondral Ossification is when bone replaces _____________.
Cartilage
Long bones consist of?
Compact bone, Cancellous bone, Diaphysis or Shaft, periosteum and hyaline cartilage
The placenta acts as a temporary _____________ gland.
Endocrine
What are the (4) types of tissue
Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous
There are (2) kinds of bone formation
Intramembranous & Endochondral
What (4) organs make up the female reproductive system?
Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus and vagina
Intramembranous Ossication occurs ____________________. Endochondral Ossification occurs ______________________.
Quickly/Rapidly Slowly
What are the (3) types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal, Visceral (or smooth), cardiac
What is the largest organ of the body?
Skin - covers 7620 square centimeters in the average adult.
Red blood cells are produced by the red bone marrow is certain flat and irregular bones such as the _________, ____________, _____________, ___________.
Sternum, ribs, vertebrae and pelvis
What are the (3) functions of the respiratory system?
Supply oxygen to the blood and eventually the cells, eliminate carbon dioxide from the blood, assist in regulating the acid-base balance of the blood
What are the (3) structural classifications of joints?
Synarthrosis, Amphiarthrosis, Diarthrosis
Short bones are only found in what (2) areas?
Wrist and Ankles
Fibrous Joints lack _____________________
a joint cavity
What makes up the digestive system?
alimentary canal and accessory organs
Synarthrosis is _____________________________.
an immovable joint
What are cells
basic structural and function unit of the entire human body. Every single part of the body is composed of cells
Body Systems
consist of groups of organs that have similar functions. There are 10
Epithelial Tissue
covers internal and external surfaces of the body including lining of vessels and organs, such as stomach and intestine
What are the (6) functions of the circulatory system
distribute oxygen and nutrients to the cells, carry cell waste and carbon dioxide from the cells, transport water, electrolytes, hormones and enzymes, protect against disease, prevent hemorrhage by forming blood clots, help to regulate body temp
Synovial Joints are _____________________________
freely movable
Diarthrosis is a __________________________.
freely movable joint
What is tissue?
groups of similar cells that perform specific functions
What organs make up the cardiovascular system?
heart, blood, blood vessels
What organs make up the urinary system?
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
Cartilaginous Joints allow only ___________________ movement and consist of bones connected entirely by ________________________.
little to no cartiledge
What are the (4) bone classifications?
long, short, flat, irregular
What are the (7) types of synovial joints?
plane, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball and socket, bicondylar
What is the function of the digestive system?
prepare food for absorption by the cells, eliminate solid waste from the body
What is the function of the endocrine system?
regulate body activities through the various hormones carried by the cardio vascular system
What is the function of the nervous system?
regulate body activities with electrical impulses traveling along various nerves
What are the (4) functions of the Integumentary system?
regulate body temp, protect the body, eliminate waste products through perspiration, receive certain stimuli such as temp, pressure and pain
What are the (4) functions of the urinary system?
regulate the chemical composition of the blood, eliminate waste, regulate fluid and electrolyte balance and volume, maintain the acid-base balance of the body
What is the integumentary system composed of?
skin, hair, nails, glands
Syndesmoses joint
slightly movable. two bones bound by a ligament (tibia/fibula, radius/ulna)
Amphiarthrosis
slightly moveable joint
What are the (4) functions of the skeletal system
support & protect the body, allow movement, produce blood cells, store calcium
What are (2) types of Cartilaginous Joints?
synchondroses and symphyses