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Autonomy: Definition: Autonomy is the "personal rule of the self that is free from both controlling interferences by others and from personal limitations that prevent meaningful choice." Autonomous individuals act intentionally, with understanding, and without controlling influences. Clinical Applications: Respect for autonomy is one of the fundamental guidelines of clinical ethics. Autonomy in medicine is not simply allowing patients to make their own decisions.

Beneficence: Definition: Beneficence is action that is done for the benefit of others. Beneficent actions can be taken to help prevent or remove harms or to simply improve the situation of others.

Which individual provided community-based care and founded public health nursing? You selected: Mary Adelaide Nutting Incorrect Correct response: Lillian Wald Explanation: Lillian Wald established a neighborhood nursing service for the sick and poor in New York City and is considered the founder of public health nursing. The other women were important to the development of nursing, but not to public health nursing

Sojourner Truth is best known for her extemporaneous speech on racial inequalities, "Ain't I a Woman?" delivered at the Ohio Women's Rights Convention in 1851. Mary Adelaide Nutting is honored for her outstanding contributions to nursing and nursing education, Mary Adelaide Nutting was a noted educator, historian, and scholar. She was a strong advocate of university education for nurses and was instrumental in developing the first programs of this type. Clarissa "Clara" Harlowe Barton was a pioneering nurse who founded the American Red Cross. She was a hospital nurse in the American Civil War, a teacher, and patent clerk Lillian Wald established a neighborhood nursing service for the sick and poor in New York City and is considered the founder of public health nursing.