Reading praxis 5002

Which of the following is an example of internal conflict?

"All the way home, Emilio felt angry with himself. Why couldn't he have spoken up at the meeting? Why was he always so shy?"

Which of the following is the best example of an affix?

A prefix or suffix

What are basic components of vocabulary?

Affixes Root words Context clues

Anna, a first-grade student, is learning a set of words that end in /-ight/. She reads the word night to her teacher. The teacher asks Anna to remove/n/, replace it with /m/, and say the new word. The activity is an example of which of the following approaches to phonics instruction?

Analogy-based

Which of the following instructional approaches would best help middle school students understand the differences between narrative and expository genres?

Analyzing features of text such as chapter titles, table of contents, and glossaries

A fourth-grade student wrote the following. My birthday party was fun. A lot of people came and brought me presents. We played miniature golf and I won! Then we had cake and played some games. It was a great time. Which of the following strategies would most likely help the student add description to the writing?

Asking questions to generate more specific details

What are some sentence types?

Declarative Imperative

Examples of writing structure?

Description Definition Examples

Examples of writing organization?

Descriptive Comparison/Contrast Persuasion

A fifth-grade teacher facilitates a discussion in which students determine the meaning of a prefix based on a list of student-generated words. Which of the following best describes the objective for this activity?

Developing students' ability to apply and transfer knowledge independently

Examples of the stages in the writing process?

Draft Edit Publish

The stages of early orthographic development?

Drawing pictures Scribble Letter-sound correspondence in word writing

Which of the following assignments would best allow sixth graders to demonstrate their understanding of memoirs after a unit covering narrative writing?

Each student will summarize the common characteristics of memoirs to use as the basis for writing his or her own short memoir.

What are components of written language?

Elements of grammar Usage Syntax

During a unit on folktales, a second-grade teacher wants to help students engage in higher-order thinking skills. After the students read "The Little Red Hen", the teacher asks the students to justify the Little Red Hen's decision to eat the bread herself. Which of Bloom's taxonomy does this activity address?

Evaluation

A third-grade student wrote the following. Baseball is a very difficult game with lots of rules. One rule is that a batter has three strikes. If he gets three strikes, he is out and the next person gets to bat. There are many ways a batter can get a strike. If the batter swings and misses the ball, it is a strike. Another way he can get a strike is if the umpire calls the pitch a strike. Which of the following genres best characterizes the student's writing?

Expository

Examples of different aspects of listening?

Following directions Responding to questions appropriately Focusing on the speaker

Which of the following sentences contains a split infinitive?

For your safety, we ask you to kindly stay in your seats until the "fasten your seatbelts" sign has been turned off.

An extravagant statement or figure of speech not intended to be taken literally, as "to wait an eternity."

Hyperbole

An informational text includes which of the following features?

Ideas, facts, and principles related to the physical, biological, or social world

The formation of mental images, figures, or likenesses of things, or of such images collectively?

Imagery

Ms. Flores prepares her fifth-grade students to read "Moon Over Manifest". She instructs the students to place sticky notes in the text to note passages that provide clues to solve the mystery of Jinx. Students will practice which of the following comprehension skills in the activity?

Inferential

Examples of different aspects of viewing?

Interpreting images Evaluating media techniques Understanding the message

Researchers have found that knowledge of word meanings is gained in increments through many experiences. Which of the following is suggested as an effective technique for teaching vocabulary?

Introduction of new words during lessons in various content areas

What are examples of key ideas relevant to the foundation of literacy and reading development?

Language acquisition Support of second-language learners Concepts of print

Examples phonics and word analysis skills in literacy development?

Letter-sound correspondences Syllabication patterns Morphology

Entries in outlines are generally arranged according to which of the following relationships of ideas?

Main Idea & subordinate idea

A word can have multiple meanings and be used as different parts of speech in different contexts. For example, the word "hollow" has three meanings, each of which is a different part of speech. hol-low 1 n. low-lying land; small depression in a flat surface. 2 adj. empty, with nothing inside. 3 v. to hollow out; to make something hollow. Which of the following sentences uses "hollow" as a noun, that is, the first definition in the list above?

Marsha's sheep were grazing in the wide hollow between the mountains.

A figure of speech in which a term or phrase is applied to something to which it is not literally applicable in order to suggest a resemblance. Example: "A mighty fortress is our God."

Metaphor

Determining the meaning of words and phrases as used in texts including figurative language. What are some examples?

Metaphor Simile Alliteration

Examples of types of writing?

Narrative Persuasive Journaling

Each of the following sentences contains an ambiguity EXCEPT:

Not all the students were present.

The formation of a word, as cuckoo, meow, honk, or boom, by imitation of a sound made by or associated with its referent.

Onomatopoeia

A combination of words that have opposite or very different meanings?

Oxymoron

According to research, which of the following is the single most important home-base activity for preschool children in building the knowledge required for children's eventual success in reading?

Parents' reading aloud to their child

The attribution of human nature or character to animals, inanimate objects, or abstract notions, especially as a rhetorical figure.

Personification

Sarah, a second-grade student, recognizes all letters of the alphabet and the corresponding sounds for each. When writing, Sarah consistently encodes initial and final consonant sounds but does not include vowel sounds. Sarah's writing is most likely at which of the following stages of development?

Phonetic

What are the stages of writing development?

Picture Scribble Random Letter Invented Spelling Conventional Spelling

Which if the following describes the way language is used in social context?

Pragmatics

What are some basic elements of drama?

Puppetry Story theatre

What are some different aspect of speaking examples?

Purpose Audience Tone

The role of fluency in supporting comprehension and examples?

Rate Accuracy Prosody

Which of the following concepts is the best support by current research on emergent literacy?

Reading & writing has developed concurrently & in interrelated ways.

Ba-room, ba-room, ba-room, baripity, baripity, baripity, baripity--Good. His dad had the pickup going. He could get up now. Jess slid out of bed and into his overalls. He didn't worry about a shirt because once he began running he would be hot as popping grease even if the morning air was a chill, or shoes because the bottoms of his feet were by now as tough as his worn-out sneakers. The passage above contains characteristic elements of which of the following literary genres?

Realistic fiction

coat = COET right = RITE cool = COL bought = BAUGHT curl = CRL hitch = HICH This sample analysis of a student's spelling test indicates that the student is most likely at which of the following stages of spelling development?

Representing words with random letters that have no letter-sound correspondence

Ms. Osborn teaches a variety of reading strategies to help her students become strategic readers. The strategies include predicting, previewing, and monitoring comprehension while reading, generating questions, and summarizing. Which of the following best explains Ms. Osborn's purpose in teaching the strategies?

Research has shown that reading comprehension improves when teachers provide explicit instruction.

While working on a writing assignment, a student asks a peer to listen to her reading of the rough draft and to offer suggestions for clarifying, expanding, or condensing parts of the draft. The student is engaged in which stage of the writing process?

Revising

Examples of phonological awareness?

Rhyming Phonemic deletion Substitution Segmenting insets and rimes

What are examples of role of comprehension?

Role of prior knowledge Referring to explicit and inferred text detailed and examples Metacognition

An individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task.

Self-efficacy

A figure of speech in which two unlike things are explicitly compared. Example: "she is like a rose."

Simile

What are examples of sentence structure?

Simple Compound Complex

Once upon a time, a beggar woman went to the house of a poor peasant and asked for something to eat. The peasant's wife gave her some bread and milk. When she had eaten it, she took a barley-corn out of her pocket, and said--"This will I give thee; set it in a flowerpot, and see what will come out of it." The woman set the barley-corn in an old flowerpot, and the next day the most beautiful plant had shot up, which looked just like a tulip, but the leaves were shut close together, as if it still were in bud . . . Which of the following elements is displayed by the passage?

Simple characterization and quickly moving action

Something used for or regarded as representing something else; a material object representing something

Symbol

"The Italian restaurant that recently reopened" Which of the following sentences integrates the above sentence fragment into a correct complex sentence?

The Italian restaurant that recently reopened

Students in a kindergarten class draw pictures and use invented spelling to label them. Which of the following is the best rationale for engaging students in the activity?

The activity helps students understand that print carries meaning.

What does research suggest in the primary reason why the English language is difficult to decode?

The phoneme-grapheme correspondence is inconsistent

A group of first-grade students are reading a book about a cat. They have written the word cat on lapboards and the teacher asks them to identify a smaller word in it. They identify at, and they are asked to write other words that are in the same word family. Which of the following is probably the teacher's primary reason for using this activity?

To introduce the students to analysis of chunks or patterns in words

Examples of traits of writing?

Tone Purpose Audience

Examples of different types of writing resource material in reading and language arts?

Types of resources Graphic organizers

Which of the following procedures, specifically designed to increase sight vocabulary and fluency and accuracy of oral reading, has research shown to be particularly effective?

Using a repeated reading program and easy reading materials

"Three people I knew in school have recently became known for their roles as actors in Hollywood movies." Which of the following types of usage in the sentence above needs correction?

Verb tense form

What are some basic elements of poetry?

Verse Rhythm Meter

Which of the following is the single best predictor of academic success for 2nd-language learners?

Vocabulary knowledge

Vygotsky's theory states: The range between children's present level of knowledge and their potential knowledge state if they receive proper guidance and instruction. What is this called?

Zone of proximal development

In the sentence, "The sister and I always loved sledding down the hill behind our house." The word sledding is an example of?

a gerund

According to schema theorists, vocabulary instruction improves reading comprehension most effectively when students learn what?

a network of relationships among concepts that the word represents

The ability to distinguish differences or likenesses in individual sounds or words is called?

auditory discrimination

Prior to reading a selection about pond life from a science textbook, a teacher asks the students to write all that they know about the topic quickly and spontaneously for about five minutes. Then the teacher asks several students to share their thoughts with the class, either reading verbatim or talking through what they have written. The teacher briefly points out similarities and differences in the students' concepts. The teacher's primary goal in this word exploration activity is to help the students?

expand their schemata and knowledge structures to help them construct meaning and retain information

A kindergarten teacher is setting up a listening center in the classroom. The center activities are most likely to promote reading development by helping the students?

experience different models of fluent reading

"It took the young child a long time to lick the "mile-high" ice-cream cone." The words "mile-high" from the sentence is an example of what?

hyperbole

What is the most effective activity to develop students' concept of print?

listening to teachers read aloud

A cat came fiddling out of a barn, With a pair of bag-pipes under her arm; She could sing nothing but, Fiddle cum fee, The mouse has married the humble-bee. Pipe, cat; dance, mouse; We'll have a wedding at our good house. The rhythm and rhyme of this selection is most typical of a what?

nursery rhyme

In telling a class that the sound heard at the beginning of the word 'dog' is represented by the letter d, a teacher is explaining?

phoneme-grapheme correspondence

According to L.S. Vygotsky, exemplary instruction in literacy, is characterized by a teacher who, does what?

provides appropriate scaffolded support as students read texts slightly more difficult than those chosen for independent reading

Research shows that children who are allowed and encouraged to 'invent spelling' are likely to?

strengthen their sense of phonemic awareness

Learning to differentiate among words having common roots by looking at the modifications that result when prefixes or suffixes (such as pre-, un-, dis-, -tive, -tion, and -ment) are added to known roots is accomplished through the use of what?

structural analysis

Some words are most likely to be recognized by elementary students as sight words without using other word study stratifies. Examples of such words are?

was, a, to, who