REBT -

Self

defeating thoughts-part of the road to negative feelings and emotional pain, mocked by many

The Folklore of Sex

book, 1951

Self

acceptance-NOT the same as Self-esteem; result of rational thinking

• Efficacy of REBT is

across wide-range of disorders and variety of cultural groups

Being active and directive

actively listening to understand the clients situation; directive in suggestions the client to look up certain things o research REBT therapy further.

APAs Outstanding Lifetime contributions to Psychology Award

-considered one of the most influencial therapist of all times.

ACAs living Legend Award

-considered one of the most influential therapist of all times.

Teaching the REBT philosophy

1. we are born fallible human beings; have potential for rational or irrational thinking; 2. we are not bound by the past; 3. learn how to accept ourselves and others unconditionally and not berate ourselves or others for behaving in ways that cause emotional distress or dysfunctional behaviors; 4. The ABCs: cognitive distortion of events, and not the event itself, is what causes irrational thinking; 5. irrational thinking is the result of our cognitive distortion; 6. most have adopted one or more of twelve irrational beliefs or here core irrational beliefs that are a result of our cognitive distortions; 7. capable of adopting a new, more rational belief system that results in having appropriate feelings and functional behaviors; 8. adopting a rational belief system will take practice, but we can overcome our past conditioning.

Chief psychologist of New Jersey

1950 and quit in 1952 to dedicate all time to private practice

The American Sexual Tragedy

1954, book

Society for the Scientific Study of Sex

1956, Ellis founded and became the first president

Sex without Guilt

1958 book

Rational emotive therapy

2nd name

Rational emotive behavior therapy

3rd name

• Therapist presents hypothesis in the

ABC model

• Therapeutic Process is seen through a series of 5 steps

Assessing client's situation and hypothesizing how ABC's apply, Teaching the REBT philosophy, Demonstrating how client's situation fits REBT model, Directing the change process and reinforcing change, Terminating the relationship

How to know when to Reinforce Change and Terminate the Relationship

Clients become comfortable with REBT philosophy and apply principles to many aspects of their lives,Clients accept self and others in their difference and fallibilities, Clients are armed with the tools of change that originated from the REBT philosophy,Client adopts new style of relating which includes replacing irrational beliefs with rational beliefs

International Journal of Sexology

Ellis became the American editor

Ph.D in clinical psychology from Columbia University

Ellis pursued in 1942

Core irrational beliefs

Ellis reduced his 12 irrational beliefs to 3, it is from these that countless others form; also called core musturbatory or grandiose irrational beliefs; 1. I must always be approved of and liked/loved by everyone, 2. you should always treat me well and act the way I think you should, 3. Life should always be fair and just

Albert Ellis Institute

Ellis sued his own foundation, for illegally removing him

Cognitive therapy

Ellis was seen as first to practice; an approach and set of procedures that attempts to change feelings and behavior by modifying faulty thinking and believing.

• Ellis's early outcome studies compared psychoanalytically oriented therapies to REBT

Found REB considerably more effective

Institute for Rational Living in New York City

Founded in 1959

• Assess Client's Situation and Hypothesize How the ABCs Apply

Ongoing throughout all phases of therapy

• More efficacious for more educated and healthier and those who would like to work in a focused manner, quickly

REBT

Psychoeducational approach

REBT approach; means that it teaches the individual more effective ways of living in the world and helps the individual learn about his or her psychological self.

ABCDEs of feelings and behaviors

REBT therapist use these to address the clients irrational beliefs; A-therapist labels the Activating event; iB-labels the irrational Belief about the activating event; C-and the Consequential feeling or behavior; once irrational belief is discovered the therapists will D-Dispute; in an effort to develop new E-Effective responses

Complex interaction between one's thinking, feeling, and behavioral states

REBT therapists believe; a person's way of thinking is mostly responsible for self-defeating emotions and dysfunctional behaviors

Humor

REBT therapists see the humor that sometimes exists when individuals take on an irrational belief system

Anti deterministic philosophy-

REBT; asserts we can choose new ways of thinking and ultimately feel better and act in healthier ways

Core musturbatory or grandiose irrational beliefs

alternative names for the 3 core irrational beliefs

Awfulizing

a cognitive distortion; Exaggerating an event so that it seems horrible, terrible, awful, or catastrophic

Absolutistic musts and shoulds

a cognitive distortion; believing that one must or should act a certain way

Demands

a cognitive distortion; demanding that oneself, or another, act in a certain manner

To facilitate the Demonstrate How the Clients Situation Fits the REBT Model, the therapist may use

a handout that addressed the three core irrational or twelve irrational beliefs, Relate client's situation to the ABCs to illustrate the process

Socratic Dialogue

a process that therapists use in helping clients empirically test their core beliefs. Clients form hypotheses about their behavior through observation and monitoring.

Encouraging the disputing of dysfunctional cognitions, behaviors, and emotions

as clients learn the REBT philosophy, they realize that many of their cognitions, behaviors and emotions have not been healthy

• The job of the therapist in step 1 of the process is to

assess client's situation, understand client's feelings that may be causing distress, develop hypothesis: how the client distorts events

• REBT therapists can respect a clients' religious beliefs while

at the same time challenge other beliefs that are causing distress

Shame

attacking exercise-involves the purposeful acting out of a situation that might normally cause embarrassment; reinforces the fact that approval from others is not necessary for self-acceptance

Cognitive

behavioral school-REBT generally placed in this category of therapies

Philosophical conditioning

belief that the individual develops a way of understanding the world through his/her adherence to a unique philosophy

Disputations

can occur when a client realize that many of their cognitions, behaviors, and emotions have not been healthy; they are encouraged by therapist to dispute the unhealthy ones and replace them with healthy ones.

I

can't-stand-it-it is-a cognitive distortion; worrying about an event to the point where it feels unbearable

• Many mistakenly believe that REBT promotes

certain values as a result of words like "irrational" and "rational"

Behavioral disputations

challenge the irrational beliefs that are responsible for the behaviors.

Cognitive distortions

client's misconceptions and faulty assumptions; dualistic and inflexible thinking is related to its development and is responsible for irrational thinking, which makes one feel, crappy

Evidence

clients are challenged during philosophical discourse to show evidence that their irrational beliefs are true

Demonstrating unconditional acceptance

clients are seen as fallible human beings and recognize the inevitability of the fact that as fallible humans, people will sometimes exhibit behaviors that are toxic for themselves and others.

Client begins to actively work on change on 3 levels

cognitive, feeling, behavioral

APAs Distinguished Professional Contribution Award

considered one of the most influencial therapist of all times.

However, religious people and members of cultural groups who adhere to rigid values would have

difficulty with REBT

Rational

emotive imagery-a form of intense mental practice for learning new emotional and physical habits. Clients imagine themselves thinking, feeling, and behaving in exactly the way they would like to in everyday situations.

Therapist shows acceptance, constantly encouraging the client to

examine life & eventually take on a new philosophy of living

How to Live with a Neurotic

first book that highlighted his methods, 1957

Challenging clients

from REBT perspective, this should not be confused with heavy-duty confrontation. Occurs when therapists suggest to their clients that they examine their current way of understanding their thinking, feeling, and behavioral processes.

Generalization

having same response to similar item

1958 Supreme Court decision

his advocacy for the publication of sexually explicit materials helped the American Nudist Association with, that condoned the sending of magazines with sexually explicit information

Learning theory and existential

humanistic philosophy-REBT can best be seen as a mixture of these; learning theory in the sense that we learned a way of thinking, feeling, and acting that is self-perpetuating, and existential-humanistic, because we can choose to learn new and healthier ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving

Cognitive disputations

involve helping clients challenge their existing irrational beliefs, and in this process--do not use "Whys"

unconditioned stimulus

is paired with neutral stimulus to form a conditioned stimulus, to make a conditioned response

Metaphors and stories

less direct method, sometimes be used in an effort to illustrate and reinforce point that the REBT therapist is trying to make

• Clients treated with cognitive behavioral therapies tend to be

less disturbed and have improvement of the neurotic symptoms

• Ellis suggested some ways of being are

more likely to create frustration, emotional distress, self-hate, and hate of others

• Suggests "rational beliefs" are

more likely to lend themselves to a philosophy of tolerance

Constructivist approach

more recently Ellis argued that REBT falls under this approach; due to the fact that one can reconstruct one's meaning-making system by applying the theory

To reinforce the client understanding of REBT philosophy, the therapist may use

pamphlets, books, internet resources

Consequential feeing or behavior ("C")

part 3 of the ABCDEs of feelings and behaviors

Dispute (D)

part 4 of the ABCDEs of feelings and behaviors

Effective responses E

part 5 of the ABCDEs of feelings and behaviors

Irrational thinking

part of the road to negative feelings and emotional pain, mocked by many

Activating event (A)

part one of the ABCDEs of feelings and behaviors

Irrational belief (iB)

part two of the ABCDEs of feelings and behaviors

• Fits well with managed health: brief and offers specific tools

positive traits of REBT

• Client must understand REBT philosophy

prior to sharing the formulated hypothesis

People

ratings-a cognitive distortion; viewing a person as if he or sho has all or none of a quality (good, bad worthless)

• Ellis believed that truth is

relative and beliefs are only yours in a moment in time

• Ellis says REBT well suited for

religious people accustomed to dealing with a belief system

Discrimination

responding selectively to one stimulus but not respond to a similar stimulus

Unconditional acceptance

result from rational thinking; the acceptance that we are all fallible human beings, and that somethings in life may be unfair or unjust; helps to create an atmosphere where the client can develop a new, more rational belief system with associated behaviors and feelings that yield a more positive outlook on life; allows clients to freely discuss their thoughts, feelings, or behaviors

Therapist suggests additional ways client can

rid self of irrational and dysfunctional thoughts & adopt new, more rational and functional ones

• REBT rejects

rigidly adhering to certain truths and absolutist thinking

REBT is not good for

severe mental disorders or long term treatment

Cognitive self

statements -beliefs that result in negative feelings, that are always rooted in one or more of the 12 irrational beliefs or the 3 core beliefs and driven by cognitive distortions; the statement that the client says to self about the event.

Risk

taking behaviors - a type of homework; often given to clients that encourage new ways of acting.

12 irrational beliefs

that people tend to embrace; 1. it is a dire necessity to be loved by significant others for everything they do, 2. certain acts are awful or wicked, and that people who perform such acts should be severely damned, 3. it is horrible when things are not the way we like them to be, 4. human misery is invariably externally caused and is forced on us by outside people and events, 5. if something is or may be dangerous or fearsome we should be terribly upset and endlessly obsess about it, 6. it is easier to avoid than to face life difficulties and self-responsibility, 7. we absolutely need something other or stronger or greater than yourself on which to rely, 8. we should be thoroughly competent, intelligent, and achieving in all possible respects, 9. because something once strongly affected our life, it should indefinitely affect it, 10. we must have certain and perfect control over things, 11. human happiness can be achieved by inertia and inaction, 12. we have virtually no control over our emotions and that we cannot help feeling disturbed about things

Rational beliefs (rB)

the results of the ABCDEs of feelings and behaviors that REBT therapist use; result in new consequences and that are less stressful and healthier.

Philosophical discourse

therapist lead discussion, asks questions and attempts to have the client see how his or her thinking process is illogical and leads o emotional distress and dysfunctional behaviors

Giving homework

therapists will ask client to actively practice techniques at home, with the intent of maintaining the new, more rational belief system.

• Therapist encourages client

to take on this philosophy if they are to make any substantive changes

Demonstrating the ABCs of feeling and behaving

used to demonstrate how the clients irrational beliefs, not their situations, are causing emotional distress

Fallible human beings

view of human nature; who have the potential for rational or irrational thinking; this is the basis of the voh.

Cognitive therapist

was always considered

Rational therapy

what Ellis called his new directive and cognitive approach in 1955; 1st name

Rational or irrational thinking

what makes us fallible; we have the potential of both. Rational thinking-leads to healthy ways of living, and results in people who show unconditional acceptance of self, of others, and of the way things are. Irrational thinking leads to emotional distress, dysfunctional behaviors, and neurotic ways of living, people also tend to be critical of others and themselves

Dispute the irrational beliefs (DIBS)

when a client is called upon to dispute the irrational beliefs about the event