RECR 2530- Exam 2

Social Recreation

socializing for the purpose of having fun

What question does background materials answer?

Why are you doing what you are doing

Techniques for Active Listening

-Listen to yourself -Listen completely -Read body language -Listen courteously -Feedback -Accept different viewpoints

10 Characteristics of a Servant Leader according to Larry Spears

-Listening -Empathy -Healing -Awareness -Persuasion -Conceptualize -Foresight -Stewardship -Building community -Commitment to growth of people (ALL people)

What does the definition of communication NOT include?

-Listening -Talking

Physical Environment

-Location -Lighting -Decorations -Room size -Color -Layout

Types of Games

-Low organized games -Lead-up games -Team games -Table games -Mental games -Wide games -Simulation games -New games

Mixers

-Mingle -Socialize -Converse with others

Cooperative Games/Inactive Activities (New games)

-More about learning new things -Working together -Not about winning -Have fun

Transformational Leadership

-Motivation -Empowerment -Activate -Elevating -Transforming -Intrinsic motivation -Enthusiasm/Energy -Inspiring -Vision/Passion

What do you need to take into consideration when thinking about the Participants?

-Needs -Ages -Demographics -Lifestyles

Ways we perception check

-Okay -Yeah -Uh-huh

Tannenbaum and Schmidt's Leadership Continuum

-One end the leader is authoritarian and task oriented -On the other the leader is democratic and relationship oriented

What 3 components make up Details?

-Operations -Programs -Financial

Social Environment

-Opportunities: friendship, interaction, membership -Tangible rewards -Intrinsic motivation

Barriers to Communication

-Overload -Cultural differences -Jargon -Timing -Filtering -Perception sets -Hear what I want -Trust

What are the 2 models of collaborative leadership

-Partnership model -Dominator model

Ice Breakers

-People feel inhibited -Break the ice -Laughter -Make people feel comfortable

Psychological Environment

-Perceived freedom -Perceived competence -Providing leadership roles

Functions of Communication

-Persuade and influence -Information -Social and expressive relation -Conflict resolution

3 Things to Restructure to Help Motivation

-Physical Environment -Social Environment -Psychological Environment

Transitions

-Planning is necessary -Smooth and connected -Use group sizes, shapes, or locations -Create flow

What does inclusion mean?

-Recognize we are one yet different -Creative chances for others to experience freedom to participate -Value each person and value diversity -Support participation

Simulation Games

-Role playing -Decision making -Necessary trade offs -Need to know WHY you are doing this activity

Why join a group?

-Social reasons -Learn a new skill -Self enhancement -Significant other -Coercion -Make a statement -Self identity

Attitudinal Barriers

-Stigma -Stereotype -Discrimination -Segregation

Quiet Events

-Tone down excitement -Occur at the end of the event -Downside of the curve

Authentic Leadership

-Understand purpose -Practice solid values -Lead with heart -Establish connected relationships -Demonstrate self-discipline

What are the 4 styles of leadership based on Hitts' model?

-Victim -Dreamer -Doer -Leader Manager*

Group

-a collection of individuals -interact with each other -interdependence on one another (reciprocal support) -a collection of individuals who interact with each other and are interdependent on one another

Refreshments

-expected (not required) -combine with the theme

Decorations

-follow theme -create mood

Factors Leading to Conflict

-incompatible goals -status incongruencies -differences in perception -miscommunication

How would you promote an event?

-invitations -flyers -twitter -facebook -email -word of mouth

Why is it important to know WHY people joined a group?

-to keep them there -to meed their needs and goals

What 5 components make up Background Materials?

-type of activity -purpose -participants -date and time -theme

8 Individual/Anti-Group Goals

1. Aggressor 2. Blocker 3. Recognition seeker 4. Self-confessor 5. Clown 6. Dominator 7. Help seeker 8. Special interest pleader

Social Action Curve

1. Anticipation 2. Excitement 3. Conclusion

5 elements of communication

1. Communicator 2. Message 3. Medium 4. Receiver 5. Feedback

Facilities

1. Determine participants 2. Select facility -# of rooms -size of rooms/space -accessibility -transportation

Responsibilities of Group Leaders

1. Develop a sense of "we-ness" 2. Develop a positive group climate 3. Identify goals 4. Organize for goal achievement 5. Initiate action 6. Develop patterns of communication 7. Facilitate group structures 8. Develop and implement group philosophy

7 Group Building/Maintenance Roles

1. Encourager 2. Harmonizer 3. Compromiser 4. Gate keeper 5. Standard setter 6. Group-observer commentator 7. Follower

What are the squares on the New Managerial Grid and what do they men?

(1,1)- Impoverished Management: don't care at all about the people or the product (1,9)- Country Club Management: concern for people is greater than the concern for product (Spring into Statesboro) (5,5)- Organizational Man: product and people are equally cared for, but the leader doesn't care about either as much as they could (9,1)- Authority Obedience: cares a lot about the product and not at all about the people (factory) (9,9)- TEAM: product and people are equally important and the leader cares about both very much

Active Events

-Active -Consider risks -Typically outdoors -PEAK of SAC

What are some of the ways a leader can assume leadership?

-Appointment -Election -Emergence -Charisma (not an exhaustive list, and can all happen simultaneously)

Active Listening

-Attending -Paraphrasing -Clarifying -Perception checking

Potential Barriers

-Attitudinal -Consumptive -Temporal -Communicative -Social cultural and economic -Health -Experiential

What are the components of the Social Activities Pattern?

-Background materials -Details -Follow up

How can I motivate?

-Be passionate -Be clear on the goal -Reinforce positive behaviors -Be willing to get dirty/do what no one wants to do -Get their input -Ask for their opinions -Understand traditions -Work harder than the people you are leading

Attributes of a Leader (Handy & Hesselbein)

-Belief and doubt -Passion and awareness -Socializing and alone -Vision

Attribution Theory

-Cause is attributed to the leader -Leadership attributed to the one who looks like a leader -Good and bad attributions get attached to the leader

What components make up Follow Up?

-Clean up -Appreciation -Evaluation -Report

Collaborative Leadership

-Cooperate -More effective together (group theory) -Stronger commitment -Strengthened -Share in completion of tasks -Share in leadership roles

Overcoming Attitudinal Barriers

-Develop awareness of personal attitudes -Participate in simulations -Focus on similarities -View all people as part of humanity -Make direct contact

Activities to Avoid

-Don't meet goals of the group -Elimination games (cause disconnect and boredom) -Activities that cause embarrassment -Activities that are offensive

Leading Activities

-Draw people in (entice) -Make them WANT to participate (motivation) -Give directions in small digestible amounts -Practice (including transitions) -Should have a beginning and end (end on a positive note)

First Comers

-Early birds -Make welcome -Keep busy -Lasts until last person arrives

Partnership Model

-Empathy -Caring behaviors -Unconditional support -Mutual respect

Perception and Communication

-Environment -Personal goals -Values -Past experience -Personal evaluation -Social relationships

Transactional Leadership

-Exchange -Coercion and reward power -Extrinsic motivation -Leader does not care about the group member's growth and vice versa -Chain of command -Leader has authority -Do as told

What components make up the Financial part of Details?

-Expenses -Income

Setting/Situation (NoL)

-External forces -Group goals -Methods/processes -Type of environment

What would we need to evaluate?

-Facilities -Personnel -Program

What components make up the Operations part of Details?

-Facilities -Promotions -Decorations -Refreshments

Barriers to Inclusion

-Financial -Lack of qualified staff -Lack of transportation -Inaccessible facilities -Poor communication -Negative attitudes

What components make up the Program part of Details?

-First comers -Ice breakers -Mixers -Active events -Quiet events

Activity Selection

-Fun -Practice -Fit category/theme -Previous experience -Non-offensive -Comfortability -Never ask someone to do something you wouldn't consider doing

3 General Roles Group Members Fill

-General task roles -Group building/maintenance goals -Individual/Anti-group goals

What are ways to communicate besides talking/listening?

-Gestures -Body language

What is the purpose of social recreation?

-Get people together -Work, play, learn -Have fun together -Different people (leader, participant, sponsor) have different purposes

Dominator Model

-Hierarchy -Coercion -Control (try to avoid)

Why does inclusion matter?

-Human right -Quality of life -Development of self -Social development -Community development -Positive empirical outcomes

Power Resources

-Ideas -Reputation -Personality -Interpersonal skills -Choices

Mental Games

-Involve strategy -Bluffing -Thinking -Guessing -Brain teasers

Leader (NoL)

-Knowledgable, skills, and abilities -Needs disposition -Experience -Flexible style -Sources of power

Group Members (NoL)

-Knowledgable, skills, and abilities -Needs disposition -Experience -Task relevant maturity

Leadership and Ethics

-Leader sets moral tone -Leaders are mimicked -Personal ethics -Organizational ethics -Professional ethics

Leadership and Influence (Hesselbein&Cohen)

-Leadership is a matter of how to be, not how to do -Leaders succeed through the efforts of their people -Leaders build bridges

Types of Power (French & Raven)

-Legitimate -Reward -Coercive -Referent -Expert

14 General Task Roles

1. Initiator 2. Information Seeker 3. Opinion seeker 4. Information giver 5. Opinon giver 6. Elaborator 7. Summarizer 8. Coordinator-integrator 9. Orienter 10. Disagreer 11. Evaluator-critic 12. Energizer 13. Procedural technician 14. Recorder

Hitts' Model of Leadership

Described 4 styles of leadership based on vision and implementation

Why is facilities important?

Do our resources match our participants

Recreation Inclusion

Empowering people w/ disabling conditions to become valued and active members of their community

Reward Power

I have power b/c I can give you something you want

Coercive Power

I have power b/c I can punish you

Expert Power

I have power b/c I know things

Referent Power

I have power b/c people like me

Legitimate Power

I have power b/c someone gives me power

Why is understanding motivation important for recreation professionals?

If we can understand WHY then we can create programs people WANT to participate in

Nexus of Leadership

Leadership style is dependent upon the leader, the group, and the setting

Motivation Process

Needs --> Drives --> Attention to relevant stimuli --> goal directed activity --> reward/goal attained/needs met --> drive reduced

Soft Skills

People skills

Hard Skills

Technical skills

What indicates successful communication?

a change in behavior

Communication

a process of exchange that leads to a change in behavior

What is the #1 barrier to inclusion?

attitudes

Medium

how I send the message -easiest thing to change

Task List

list stating who will do what by when

Extrinsic Motivation

motivated for external reasons

Intrinsic Motivation

motivated for internal reasons

Goals

participant will... evidence of accomplishment how will you measure? justify each goal

Communicator

person sending the message

Feedback

subtle, tells whether communication was successful

Describe the elements of communication in a sentence

the communicator sends a message through a medium to the receiver who give feedback

Motivation

the psychological feature that arouses organisms to action towards a desired goal -the reason WHY people act -different for everyone

Filters

things that keep the messages from getting to the receiver -Maslow's hierarchy of needs -hungry, tired, language barrier etc.

Message

what I am trying to convey -we can receive LOTS of them

When is conflict likely to arise?

when things are going poorly

Receiver

who I am trying to communicate with