REL Final
Here is an excerpt from the writings of Papias preserved by Eusebius:
Papias connected written Gospels to apostles to establish their reliability
Here are the Gospel of Thomas 100 and Mark 12:13-17:
The Gospel of Thomas and the Gospel of Mark often provide independent attestation of sayings attributed to Jesus, but the narrative framework for the sayings in the Gospel of Mark was created later
Gospel of Thomas 20 and Mark 4:30-32
The Gospels of Thomas and Mark preserve independent versions of sayings attributed to Jesus
Which of the following statements are true about priests in Second Temple Judaism?
The scribes frequently identified in the New Testament as opponents of Jesus may have been priests
According to Crossan which of the following statements is accurate about John the Baptist
The stories of the baptism of Jesus by John are evidence that Jesus was a follower of John the Baptist
According to Crossan, which of the incidents reported in the Gospel of Mark explains why Jesus was crucified?
The symbolic destruction of the temple by Jesus
Second Temple Judaism refers to what period of time?
The time in Jewish history that came to an end when the Romans destroyed the Jewish temple.
Which of the following statements is true the titles of the Gospels
The titles of the Gospels in the New Testament were added by later Christians
According to Fredriksen, which of the following stories in the Gospels is most helpful for explaining why Jesus was crucified?
The triumphal entry of Jesus in Jerusalem
The independent Jewish state established as a result of the Maccabean revolt came to an end when
pompey
The Maccabean revolt was succesful largely as a result of
Political maneuvers of Jewish leaders exploiting rivalries among Selecuid factions
Beginning of civil war that ends the roman republic
49 BCE
Jewish revolts in the Diaspora
115-117 CE
Bar Kokhba revolt
132-135 CE
Hasmonean rule over Judea
140 BCE
Maccabean revolt
168-165 BCE
Crucifixion of Jesus
30 CE
Easter letter of Athanasius listing the 27 books of the New Testament
367 CE
beginning of wars between the Persian Empire and the greek city states
499 BCE
Select from the following list the date that best corresponds to the destruction of the temple to Yahweh by the Babylonians.
587/586 BCE
Destruction of the Jewish temple by the Romans
70 CE
Legendary founding of Rome
753 BCE
When was the Gospel of Matthew probably written?
80 - 100 CE
When was the Gospel of Luke probably written?
80 - 120 CE
Which of the following statements is accurate?
Crossan argues that the importance of the birth stories for reconstructing the historical Jesus is that such stories were told about Jesus
Luke 24:8-12
According to the Gospel of Luke, the apostles led by Peter were the most reliable witnesses to the resurrection of Jesus
Plutarch reports stories about the divine conception of which of the following?
Alexander
Which of the following is true according to Fredriksen?
All gospel material must be weighed and judged before it can serve as evidence for the historical Jesus
Which of the following was not an important religious institution in Second Temple Judaism?
All of the above
According to Ehrman, Crossan is wrong for which of the following reasons?
All of these
According to Fredriksen, which of the following statements is accurate about ethical imperatives?
All of these
According to Fredriksen, which of the following statements is accurate about the Messiah (Christ) ?
All of these
According to Gnosticism, The god who created the world is a lower deity, the true self is alien, revealed knowledge is necessary for salvation
All of these
Here are Matt 9:9 and Mark 2:13-14:
All of these
Here is Matthew 28:16-20:
All of these
The Q Gospel helps to explain: 1. The order of incidents common to the Gospels of Matthew and Luke 2. The existence of doublettes—two versions of the same saying 3. The agreement in wording that the Gospels of Matthew and Luke have in passages not in the Gospel of Mark
All of these
Which of the following statements is accurate about the Gospel of Mary? utopian
All of these
Which of the following statements is accurate about the Romans?
All of these
Which of the following statements is accurate: 1. When Judea... 2. Caligula 3. Roman emperors 4. The census carried out 5. All of these
All of these
Which of the following is true of the Persian rule of Judah?
All of these choices are true of the Persian rule of Judah
Which of the following ideas are characteristic of apocalypticism
All of these ideas
According to Crossan, which of the following statements is accurate about Cynics?
Although cynicism was a philosophy promoting self reliance in an urban context in the greco roman world jesus challenge to social hierarchies in rural gailee is an example of what a jewish peasant cynic might look like
Philostratus reports stories about the birth of which of the following?
Apollonios
Which of the following statements is accurate about Archaeologists?
Archaeologists have uncovered only one skeletons of an individual who was crucified by the Romans
Which of the following statements is accurate?
As a rural Galilean Jesus probably taught in Aramaic
Here is the beginning of the Gospel of Matthew: An account of the genealogy of Jesus the Messiah, the son of David, the son of Abraham...
As the mythology of Jesus the Messiah developed in early Christianity, he was given a genealogy that connected his family to ancient Israelite kings
Which of the following statements is accurate?
Because of the literary relation among the Synoptic Gospels, the Synoptic Gospels represent one source for each of the episodes of what Jesus said and did.
Here is Luke 8:1-3:
Biographical details about Mary Magdalene were created as stories about her were passed on in early Christianity
Which of the following statements about the Maccabean revolt are true?
Competition for control of the Jewish temple cult in Jerusalem was a contributing factor to the Maccabean revolt
Here is a passage from an early Christian writer: We have learned from none others than the apostles the plan of our salvation, those through whom the Gospel has come down to us, which the apostles did at one time proclaim in public, and, at a later period, by the will of God, handed down to us in the Scriptures, to be the ground and pillar of our faith ...
Early Christian tradition defended the authority of the Gospels by connecting them to apostles
Here is Matt 12:1-8:
Early Christians created sayings of Jesus
Here is the evaluation by the church historian Eusebius of some early Christian writings:
Early Christians determined which Gospels were reliable on the basis of the church communities to which they belonged
Here is Mark 11:15-19:
Early Christians imagined Jesus' opposition to the temple cult in Jerusalem as a fulfillment of prophecies in the Jewish scriptures about the temple
Here is an excerpt from the infancy narrative of Jesus in the Gospel of Matthew: When Herod saw that he had been tricked by the wise men, he was infuriated and he sent and killed all the children in and around Bethlehem....
Early Christians used the Jewish scriptures to create stories about Jesus
When was the Gospel of Mary written?
Early in the second century ce
With which of the following groups do most scholars identify Qumran?
Essenes
relation between apocalypses and apocalyptiscm
Evidence for apocalypticism in Second Temple Judaism includes but is not limited to the literary genre of Apocalypses
Which of the following groups does Josephus blame for the revolt against the Romans that began under Gessius Florus in 66 CE?
Fourth Philosophy
Which of the following statements is accurate?
Fragments of the Gospel of Mary came to light at the end of the 19th century
Gospel of Thomas 28
Gnosticism influenced the Gospel of Thomas
Which of the following statements is accurate about Gnosticism
Gnosticism is a term used by scholars to categorize certain types of ideas in the ancient Mediterranean world
Which of the following statements is accurate?
Gnosticism probably arose out of a Jewish milieu influenced by Platonic philosophy
John 21:24-25
Gospels were attributed to eyewitness followers of Jesus to establish their authority
Which empire replace Persian rule of Palestine?
Greek
The infancy narratives in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke are trying to resolve which problem?
How can Jesus actually be the messiah who is a descendent of David even though Jesus was known to be from Nazareth?
According to Crossan what is the difference between illness and disease?
Illness is the social stigma created by certain conditions of the body, disease is a biological condition treated by modern medical science
...In the remembrance of her.. Mary Magdelene was a prophet among the followers of Jesus The gospel of Mark portrays women as the closest followers of Jesus In early Christian communities there were alternative versions of a final meal Jesus had with his followers
In early Christian communities there were alternative versions of a final meal Jesus had with his followers
Which of the following statements is accurate about Iranaeus?
Ireneaus wrote Against Hereises around 185 ce to defend his version of Christianity
The temporal and spatial movement from one vignette to another in the Gospel of Mark
Is created by the addition of temporal and spatial transitions to originally independent oral stories.
Mark 2:1-12
Jesus as well as John the Baptist challenged the operation of the temple cult in Jerusalem
According to Crossan, which of the following statements is accurate?
Jesus attacked the family as an institution that reinforced social hierarchies and inequalities
According to Fredriksen, which of the following historical facts is most important for reconstructing why Jesus was crucified
Jesus was crucified but his followers were not
According to the Gospel of Mark
Jesus was the Son of God because he was possessed by the Spirit of God when he was baptized by John
According to Crossan which of the following expresses of Jesus' teachings about radical egalitarianism?
Jesus' practice of eating with anyone
In which Gospel is there no story of Jesus instituting the ritual of communion at his last meal with the disciples?
John
In which of the Gospels does Jesus celebrate the Passover in Jerusalem several times
John
In which of the Gospels does Jesus celebrate the Passover in Jerusalem several times?
John
Which of the following statements is accurate
John 21 is an appendix added by a later scribe to chapters 1-20 to rehabilitate Peter as the leading apostle
According to Crossan, which of the following statements about Joseph of Arimathea is accurate?
Joseph is a fictional character created to express the hope that Jesus' body was buried after his crucifixion
Why did Josephus and other literary sources label those who violently opposed Roman rule as bandits?
Josephus and other literary sources represent the viewpoint of the establishment for which there was little distinction between a common brigand and an ideological revolutionary
Which of the following is true about Josephus?
Josephus came from a priestly family that could trace its lineage back to the Hasmonaeans
Which of the following statements is true about Josephus?
Josephus is our major source for information about events in Palestine in the first century CE
Which of the following statements is true about The Jewish War?
Josephus wrote The Jewish War under the patronage of the Roman emperor
Which of the following statements is true?
Josephus' account of the Jewish War is generally pro-Roman and condemns revolutionary Jewish movements
Antiquities 18:63-64
Later Christians edited Josephus' Antiquities to support their beliefs about Jesus
In which of the Gospels does the family of Jesus live in Bethlehem when he is born?
Matthew
Stories about the birth of Moses influenced the way the birth of Jesus is told in which Gospel?
Matthew
Jesus teaches in parables in which of the following Gospels
Matthew, Mark, Luke, Thomas
"It is not possible that the Gospels can be either more or fewer in number than they are. For, since there are four zones of the world in which we live, and four principal winds, while the Church is scattered throughout all the world,..."
Mythological explanations developed in early Christianity to explain the authority of the Gospels in the New Testament.
According to Brown which of the following statements is accurate?
None of these
Gospel of Thomas 114
None of these
Here are Matt 6:6-15 and Luke 11:1-4:
None of these
Here are Matt 9:14-17, Mark 2:18-22, and Luke 5:33-39:
None of these
Here is Psalm 118:25-27: Save us, we beseech you, O Lord! O Lord, we beseech you, give us success! Blessed is the one who comes in the name of the Lord. We bless you from the house of the Lord. The Lord is God, and he has given us light. Bind the festal procession with branches, up to the horns of the altar. This passage from the Jewish scriptures is evidence to support which of the following statements?
None of these
Here is the beginning of the Gospel of Thomas: "These are the secret words which the living Jesus spoke, and Didymos Judas Thomas wrote them down."
None of these
In the preface to The Jewish War, Josephus identified which of the following as limitations to the historical accuracy of other accounts of the revolt of Jews against the Romans? Bias: 1. against the Romans and in favor of the jews 2. in favor of peace and against jewish revolutionary movements 3. in favor of the aristocracy and against commoners
None of these
In the preface to The Jewish War, Josephus identifies which of the following as limitations to the historical accuracy of other accounts of the revolt of the Jews against the Romans?
None of these
Luke 4:16-22
None of these
Mark 14:17-21
None of these
Which of the following statements is accurate about Brown and Crossan?
None of these
Which of the following statements is accurate about Hymn of the Pearl
None of these
Which of the following statements is accurate about the Gospel of Luke? 1. The author of the Gospel of Luke used eyewitness sources to revise the Gospel of Mark, etc.
None of these
Which of the following statements is accurate about the synoptic Gospels?
None of these
Which of the following statements is true about Antiquities? Antiquities Antiquities John the Baptist
None of these
Which of the following statements is true about Josephus The Jewish War: Vespian 66-73 Antiquites
None of these
Which of the following statements is true? 1. Pompey's intervention 2.Herod 3. Josephus 4. All of these are true 5. Herod 6. None of these statements is true
None of these statements is true
Here is Gospel of Peter 59: We, the twelve disciples of the Lord, wept and were grief-stricken. Each, grieving at what had happened, returned to his own house. This passage is evidence to support which of the following statements?
Not all early christian traditions had a betrayer of Jesus among the twelve
According to Fredriksen, which of the following statements is accurate?
Paul's apocalyptic expectations for the kingdom of God correspond to the portrayal of Jesus' apocalyptic expectations for the kingdom of God in the Gospel of Mark
Which of the following groups tried to reproduce the temple cult in their homes?
Pharisees
Which of the following statements is accurate?
Pilate ruthlessly suppressed opposition to Roman rule
Which of the following Jewish groups was the largest?
Priests
Which of the following books are identified by scholars as apocalpyses?
Revelation, Daniel, Enoch Baruch, Ezra
Matt 21:1-7
Stories about events in Jesus' life were created by later Christians out of passages from the Jewish scriptures
Here is Acts 1:18-20:
Stories about how Judas died changed depending on what Jewish scripture his death was taken to fulfill
Here are Gospel of Thomas 31 and Mark 6:1-6:
Stories that illustrate the meaning of sayings were created for sayings as the sayings were passed on and retold by early Christians
Which of the following statements about gnostic is true?
Salvation in a gnostic mythology depends on gaining knowledge about oneself
Which of the following statements is accurate?
Salvation in a gnostic mythology depends on gaining knowledge about oneself
Which of the following groups carried out assassinations of Jews who collaborated with the Romans?
Sicarii
Which of the following statements is accurate?
The Gospel of Matthew is a revision of the Gospel of Mark written by an unknown early Christian
Gospel of Thomas and Mark 12:13-17
The Gospel of Thomas and the Gospel of Mark often provide independent attestation of saying attributed to Jesus, but the narrative framework for the sayings in the Gospel of Mark was created later
Here is Luke 21:20-24:
The Gospel of Luke rewrote Jesus' predictions in the Gospel of Mark to match better what had actually happened
Which of the following statements is accurate?
The Poimandres is a myth of creation in which emanations from the divine are trapped in a physical body
According to Crossan which of the following statements is accurate?
The Q Gospel and the Gospel of Thomas independently confirm a number of sayings spoken by the historical Jesus
Which of the following is an accurate statement about the Q Gospel?
The Q Gospel contained the sayings of Jesus shared by the Gospels and Matthew and Luke that are not in the Gospel of Mark
Mark 7:31-37
The actions that Jesus uses to perform this healing correspond to rituals associated with magic in the Roman Empire
Here are Mark 14:35 and John 12:27
The author of the Gospel of John may have known the Gospel of Mark
Which of the following is the generally accepted solution to the Synoptic problem?
The authors of the Gospels of Matthew and Luke independently revised copies of the Gospel of Mark and the Q Gospel
Which of the following statements is accurate crucifixion?
The crucifixion of Jesus probably happened because this event would not have been invented by those who believed Jesus was the messiah
Eschatology
The end of the world, the end of life, final judgement, life after death
According to Crossan which of the following statements is accurate?
The healing miracles performed by the historical Jesus were miracles of social transformation
What is the Synoptic problem?
The problem of explaining the similarities and differences among the Gospel of Mark, Matthew, and Luke
According to Crossan which of the following statements about miracle stories in which Jesus alters physical reality (for example, walking on water, multiplying loaves and fish, appearing in bodily form after his crucifixion) is accurate?
These stories introduced authority and hierarchy among the followers of Jesus after his crucifixion
Which of the following Gospels does not contain a narrative of the crucifixion of Jesus?
Thomas and Q
According to Fredriksen, which of the following statement is accurate?
What Jesus taught explains why he died and how the early Christian movement developed
Here is Mark 15:40-41:
When Mary Magdalene and the other women are present in the narrative of the Gospel of Mark, the male followers of Jesus are absent
According to Crossan which of the following statements is accurate?
When the historical jesus spoke of the 'son of man' he was referring to humanity
Which of the following groups attempted to take control of Jerusalem during the revolt against the Romans that began in 66 CE?
Zealots
Which of the following statements accurately characterize Jewish messianic expectations in the late Second Temple period?
some jewish texts describe a messiah who will rule on earth