RELS223

What was the meditation the Shakyamuni buddha used to attain enlightenment under the Bodhi tree?

mindfulness meditation on breath (sanskrit word?)

Whats Buddhas horse and attendants names?

Kanthaka, Channa

Describe in depth the three watches of the night?

Levels of meditation called dhyanas (jhanas). First watch, sees his past lives. Second watch, saw the coming into being and passing away of the karma of other beings. Third watch, he awakened to the dharma. This includes the Four Noble Truths, 8fold Path, 3 marks of existence, 5 skandhas, and 12 links in the wheel of interdependent origination

Where was Buddha born?

Lumbini

Where was the Buddha born?

Lumbini, the foothills of Nepal

Who is Mara?

Mara is what prevents a person from attaining nirvana, she holds the wheel of life between her clutches

Who holds the wheel of life in his clutches?

Mara,

Who is the greatest yogi of Tibetan Buddhism?

Milarepa

What is a sangha?

Monastic community

What is the Vinaya?

Monastic disciplines, recited orally by Upali at the First Council

What does Sakyamuni Buddha mean?

One who has reached his goal, refers to Siddhartha Gautuma

What do Buddhists take refuge in?

The Buddha, the Dharma, the Sangha

What are the three jewels?

The Buddha, the Dharma, the Sangha. Buddhists take refuge in these three.

What does 'buddha' mean?

The Enlightened One

What are Buddhas oral teachings preserved in?

The Pali Canon

Whats the Abhi-dharma?

The higher teachings

What are the 5 skandhas?

form, feelings, perceptions, mental formations, and consciousness. THESE ARE NOT THE SELF SAYS BUDDHA OR THEY WOULDNT TEND TOWARDS DESTRUCTION

what does sujata mean?

good birth

what does matrika mean?

list

List 4 Buddhist practices?

...

What are the 5 skandhas?

...

The Buddha Sakyamuni says he teaches two things. What are they?

1. Causes and conditions of suffering, 2. Path to cessation of suffering. Thats it.

What are the four noble truths?

1. Dukkha, 2. Cause, 3. Cessation (nirodha) and 4. 8 fold path

What are the 12 links of dependent origination and what are they represented by?

1. Ignorance (avidya), and a blindfolded man, 2. mental formations Karmic, and a potter, 3. consciousness, represented by a monkey, 4. nama-rupa (mind and matter), 6 senses, represented by a house with 6 windows, 7. feelings, represented by an arrow piercing the eye, 8. craving, also 2nd noble truth, 9. grasping/ attachment, represented by a man picking fruit, 10. becoming (pregnant woman), 11. birth (woman bering child), 12. old age and death (corpse)

List 4 features as to how Vajrayana Buddhists promoted it as a new and improved school of Buddhism?

1. centered on the laity, 2. focused on visualization, 3. allowed sexual intercourse as a means for achieving enlightenment, 4. manipulating chakras in the body to achieve bliss

What are the 12 links of dependent origination on the outer rim of the wheel of life?

1. ignorance (blind man, old woman) 2. Mental formations (potter) 3. Consciousness (monkey) 4. nama-rupa (mind and matter, man on a journey) 5. 6 senses (house with windows) 6. contact (lovers touching) 7. feelings (arrow piercing the eye) 8. craving (tanha, eating/drinking) 9. grasping (man picking fruit)/ attachment 10. becoming (pregnant woman) 11. birth (woman bearing child) 12. Old Age and Death (Corpse)

In early Buddhism, what are the 3 marks of existence?

1. impermanence, 2. no-self (anatman), 3. suffering (dhukka)

Name 6 elements that the sranama movement was marked by?

1. renunciation, 2. mendicancy (begging for alms), 3. celibacy, 4. cultivation through mind/body (meditaiton and yoga), 5. semi-communal hermit life, 6. association with the cult of the dead

When was the Tripatika written down?

1st century CE

How many eyes does the awaken Buddhist have on Buddhist iconography?

3

When was the rise of early Indian Buddhism?

5th-6th century BCE

What is the fourth sight?

A monk

What does the DO show?

A person is a combination of interdependent and ever changing skandhas (aggregates).

What is bodhicitta?

A wish to attain enlightenment motivated by great compassion for all sentient beings, accompanied by a falling away of the attachment to the illusion of an inherently existing self.

What is a sramana?

A wondering aesthetic

What would a meditation on the skandhas reveal?

All phenomena are not self

3 marks of existence?

Impermanence (anitya), Suffering (duhkha) and Not-self (anatman). Everything that comes into existence has these traits.

What is a bodhisattva?

An enlightened one in Mahayana tradition, forestalls his own escapement of samsara

Where did the Buddha attain enlightenemnt?

Bodh Gaya under the Bodhi Tree

Is the life of Sakyumuni Buddha, as told by his disciples, historical or mythical?

Both

What was the dominant religion when Buddha was born?

Brahmanism, based on the Vedas. Cycle of transmigration, rebirth, and getting out of it basis of many ancient Indian religions

What are the four castes?

Brahmins (Priests), Warriors (Ksatriya), Merchants, and Service.

Who was the first sangha?

Buddha and his 5 disciples, formed a community

Who cuts off his hair before becoming a renunciant?

Buddha, to become a mendicant in the forest

What are the 3 marks of existence?

Impermanence, suffering, non-self

How did Buddha attain enlightenment?

By his own effort

What is the Pratimoksha?

Codes of discipline

Describe in depth the Abhi Dharma?

Comprehensive collection of lists.

Where did Buddha give his first sermon?

Deer Park

What is Dependent Origination?

Dependent Origination is the Buddhist teaching on how things come to be, are, and cease to be. According to this teaching, no beings or phenomena exist independently of other beings and phenomena.

What is medicine and disease in Buddhism

Dharma, and dukkha

Whats the sutra?

Discourses of the Buddha

What is the sutra pitaka?

Discourses of the Buddha. Contains oral stories told by Buddha.

What are the three watches of the night?

During the first watch he obtains the ability to see his past lives (based on the concept of karma prevalent in India). During the second watch he saw the coming into being and passing away of the karma of other beings and in this moment understood the universal law of karma, in the third watch, he awakened to the dharma including the 4 noble truths, the 8 fold path, the 3 marks of existence, 5 skandhas, and the 12 links in the wheel of interdependent origination.

Where did the Mahayana traditions spread?

East Asia, including China and Japan

What does Mara's daughters signify?

Ego, greed, delusion, desire

What is dharma?

External laws that transcend all time and place

What are afflictive emotions?

Fear, anger, jealousy, etc.

What does Buddha's father make Buddha do as a result of the seer's prophecy?

Gives him every pleasure imaginable so he doesn't turn towards a path of enlightenment so he can take over his little kingdom.

What prophecy does the Buddha's father receive when he is born?

He will become a great prince or a great monk/aesthetic.

You should teach those ppl who have but a little bit of dust in their eyes. What does that mean?

He's referring to that early morning, you just wake up, you aren't fully awake but you are awake.

What are sramana?

Hermits living simple forest lives/ aesthetics

What are the three vehicles?

Hinayana (the small vehicle), Mahayana (the great vehicle), Vajrayana (The Thunderbolt or Diamond Vehicle)

Where is the Tibetan Buddhist government located?

India

Why do monks sweep the sand mandala at the end of the ritual?

It is a ritual act symbolizing impermeance

Why were there so many lists (matrikas) in early schools of Buddhism?

It was an oral tradition and made it easier to pass on.

What is the only sectarian collection that remains today?

Pali Canon of the Theravada school (School of Male Elders)

Who is the Buddhas aunt and what does she do?

Prajapati, starts nun order

What is the general name of the Mahayana scriptural genre?

Prajnaparamita or Perfection of Wisdom

Who is the Buddha's mother?

Queen Maya

What happens during Buddhas mothers pregnancy?

Queen Maya is impregnated through her side by a white elephant, symbolizing immaculate conception

How could you group the 8fold path into 3 sections?

RIGHT WISDOM: right view and right thought, RIGHT ETHICS: right speech, right action, right livelihood, and RIGHT CONCENTRATION: right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration

Name 7 things going on during Buddhas lifetime that were changing the social landscape?

Rapid urbanization (increased power of Ksatriya, warrior class, due to centralization), use of new iron technology, growth in agriculture and surplus production of food, cultural innovation, 4-fold caste system, competing religious traditions (sranama movement vs. Vedic tradition)

What is in the middle of the Wheel of DO?

Rooster (delusion), Snake (hatred), Pig (greed). This fuel samsara.

Whats hagiography?

Sacred biography

What were the 4 sights Buddha saw when he left the palace the first time?

Sickness, Old-age, Death, Aesthetic

What is Buddhas fathers name?

Suddhodana, his father and prince of Kapilavastu

What happens with the four sights?

The Buddha leaves the palace for the first time with his charioteer and sees sickness, old age, a dead man, then an aesthetic. His compassion is so deeply awakened he decides to devote his life to overcoming human suffering.

What does the sutra, Vinaya, and Abhi-dharma make up?

The Tripatika, the Three Baskets

What was Buddhas first sermon and where?

The Turning of the Wheel Sermon in Deer Park

What is Buddha's first sermon called?

The Turning of the Wheel of Dharma Sermon

What was the primary focus of laity in the time of the Buddha?

The accumulation of merit, or good karma.

What is the Pali Canon?

The authoritative teachings of the Theravada school

What does Buddha mean?

The awakened one

What is samsara?

The cycle of life until one reaches enlightenment. Life, death, rebirth.

Who were the Buddha's first disciples?

The five ascetics living in the forest

What is the architect of experience?

The mind

What is the most important practice for the Buddhist laity in Theravada?

dana, or giving

When analyzing dharmas, or anything, what will you find?

The three marks of existence. the no-thingness of it. All so called wholes have these three marks. There is no self.

What are the 4 noble truths?

There is suffering. There is a cause. There is cessation. Cessation is the 8-fold path.

Describe the 7 steps regarding Queen Maya's birthing?

There was no pain. 7 days later she passes away. She was a vessel. Story is of Buddha, not Queen Maya

What is Buddha's first sermon?

This s monks is the Middle Way the knowledge of which the Tathagata (this gone one, gone beyond pain) has gained, which leads to insight, which leads to wisdom which conduces to calm, to knowledge, to perfect enlightenment to nirvana. (lesson: Tatha+gata. Tatha+agata. This word come mean 'thus gone' or 'thus come'. What's interesting in lexicon of Sanskrit terminology is that it doesn't matter...time is at his disposal. He is no more) "I teach two things. The causes and conditions of suffering, and the path to the cessation of suffering. And that's it"

How is Queen Maya impregnated?

Through her side by a white elephant

What is sila?

To cool.

Which text in the Pali Canon or Tripitika outlines the early Buddhist monastic vows?

Vinaya

What is a cakra?

Wheel of energy

What are the 3 components on the condensed form of the Theravada 8-fold path??

Wisdom, morality, meditation

What are the three poisons?

a pig (greed), a rooster (delusion), and a snake (hatred).

What is the 8 fold path?

right view, right thought, right speek, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration

What does the word 'dharma' mean in Theravada Buddhism?

teachings