Renal Patho

As nitrogenous wastes increase in the blood, the client with CKD may exhibit which clinical manifestations? Select all that apply. Numbness in lower extremities Restless legs syndrome Pruritis Photophobia thrombocytopenia

Numbness in lower extremities Restless legs syndrome Pruritis The uremic state is characterized by signs and symptoms of altered neuromuscular function (e.g., fatigue, peripheral neuropathy, restless legs syndrome, sleep disturbances, uremic encephalopathy); gastrointestinal disturbances such as anorexia and nausea; white blood cell and immune dysfunction, and dermatologic manifestations such as pruritus. Photophobia and thrombocytopenia are usually not associated with CKD.

The client with substance use disorder was found unconscious after overdosing on heroin 2 days prior. Because of prolonged pressure on the muscles the client has developed myoglobinuria, causing which complication?

Obstruction of the renal tubules with myoglobin and damaged tubular cells Myoglobin normally is not found in the serum or urine. It has a low molecular weight; if it escapes into the circulation, it is rapidly filtered in the glomerulus. A life-threatening condition known as rhabdomyolysis occurs when increasing myoglobinuria levels cause myoglobin to precipitate in the renal tubules, leading to obstruction and damage to surrounding tubular cells. Myoglobinuria most commonly results from muscle trauma but may result from exertion, hyperthermia, sepsis, prolonged seizures, and alcoholism or drug abuse. Rhabdomyolysis is not cured with anticoagulation administration nor does it cause kidney stones. Compartment syndrome occurs when there is insufficient blood supply to muscles and nerves due to increased pressure within one of the body's compartments. Myoglobinuria causes hyperkalemia, which may cause cardiac dysrhythmias, metabolic acidosis, hyperphosphatemia, early hypocalcemia, and late hypercalcemia.

The nurse understands that medications, although very beneficial to clients, can have harmful effects. When working with older adult clients the nurse should recognize that which outcome is a common result of potent, fast-acting diuretics?

Urge incontinence