Renal System
Presence of what in the urine, even in small amounts, is indicative of a possible problem in the renal system of a patient?
Glucose
How many nephrons does the average adult human kidney contain (a nephron is the main functional unit of the kidney)?
Roughly 1,000,000
As glomerular filtrate moves through the ascending loop of Henle, the filtrate becomes more dilute: why?
The ascending loop of Henle is permeable to ions but impermeable to water
The renal system does not play a direct role in regulating what
The renal system secretes and reabsorbs solutes in the blood such as sodium ion, potassium ion, and bicarbonate. The renal system regulates blood pressure by altering the amount of water held in the blood (blood volume). The renal system regulates blood pH by excreting and reabsorbing hydronium ions and bicarbonate. The renal system does not play a direct role in regulating blood temperature.
Order of Glomerular filtration
Glomerular filtrate passes through (in order) the Bowman's capsule, proximal tubule, descending loop of Henle, ascending loop of Henle, and the distal tubule before it reaches the collecting duct.
Urine is formed in a three-step process: what is the correct order in which these steps take place in the nephron?
Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion
What has a rate of urinary excretion (units of solute per unit time) that is always much lower than its rate of glomerular filtration in a healthy adult?
Glucose is filtered by the kidney, but almost always reabsorbed during tubular reabsorption. so the rate of urinary excretion for glucose will always be much lower than its rate of glomerular filtration in healthy adults.
What molecules are most likely to be present in the glomerular filtrate (the filtrate produced by the nephron before it enters the loop of Henle) of a healthy adult nephron?
Glucose, aa, Electrolytes
Which of the following anatomical portion of a nephron connects the Bowman's capsule to the loop of Henle?
Proximal convoluted tubule