Reproductive Quiz
The number of chromosomes in a normal human epithelial cell is: 46 chromosomes 23 chromosomes 0 46 pairs of chromosomes
46 chromosomes
Technically, a human embryo becomes a fetus at the end of: 1 week 4 weeks 8 weeks 16 weeks
8 weeks
The spermatic cord is a) a bundle of tissue that contains the ductus deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics that serve the testis. b) a narrow opening that links the scrotal chamber with the peritoneal cavity. c) the external marking of the boundary between the two chambers of the scrotum. d) a layer of smooth muscle in the skin of the scrotal sac. e) a dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds the testis.
a bundle of tissue that contains the ductus deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics that serve the testis
A small change in the structure of DNA may result in: differentiation a change in the structure of an enzyme, possible impairing the functioning of the enzyme a new species of organism mitosis
a change in the structure of an enzyme, possible impairing the functioning of the enzyme
Which one of the following treatments has been used to relieve the symptoms of menopause? administration of FSH administration of estrogen administration of depressant drugs administration of LH
administration of estrogen
A drug that had the effect of increasing pituitary gonadotropins in the female: might do so by affecting the hypothalamus. could be effective in increasing fertility. would not be a likely candidate as a contraceptive. all of the above
all of the above
Estrogen and testosterone show similarities in: roles in the development of secondary sexual characteristics. chemistry. site of production. all of the above none of the above
all of the above
The uterine tubes: extend from the uterus to the ovaries. serve as ducts of female gametes. are lined with ciliated cells. all of the above
all of the above
In human females: the concentrations of FSH and LH would decline following post-menopause. blood hCG rises following implantation. ovulation always occurs 15 days after the beginning of menstruation. implantation occurs, and fertilization follows.
blood hCG rises following implantation
After ovulation, the ovary secretes a) luteinizing hormone. b) estrogen. c) progesterone. d) both estrogen and progesterone. e) luteinizing hormone, estrogen, and progesterone.
both estrogen and progesterone
The very small glands in the male reproductive system that are located beneath the prostate and on either side of the urethra are: Bartholin's glands. bulbourethral glands. ejaculatory ducts. vas deferens glands.
bulbourethral glands
The extraembryonic membrane that forms the fetal portion of the placenta is the a) yolk sac. b) amnion. c) allantois. d) chorion.
chorion
The division of a fertilized egg into small cells that don't grow between successive divisions occurs after fertilization and is called: mitosis meiosis cleavage fertilization
cleavage
The ________ is a layer of smooth muscle in the skin of the scrotal sac. a) rete testis b) raphe c) dartos muscle d) tunica albuginea e) cremaster muscle
dartos muscle
The ________ is the inner lining of the uterus. a) perimetrium b) myometrium c) germinal epithelium d) uterine lumen e) endometrium
endometrium
Sperm mature and are stored in the: seminal vesicles epididymis vas deferens seminiferous tubules
epididymis
The broad ligament is a(n) a) extensive mesentery that encloses the ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus. b) thickened fold of mesentery that supports and stabilizes the position of the ovary. c) pocket formed between the posterior wall of the uterus and the anterior surface of the rectum. d) structure that anchors the ovary to the rectouterine pouch. e) structure that extends from the lateral surface of the ovary to the pelvic wall.
estensive mesentery that encloses the ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus
Which of the following hormones is the cause of most puberty-related changes in a female? a) estrogen b) progesterone c) oxytocin d) relaxin e) chorionic gonadotropin
estrogen
Endometrial changes during the last half of the menstrual cycle depend upon high levels of: estrogen and progesterone. FSH and LH. oxytocin and prolactin. chorionic gonadotropin.
estrogen and progesterone
A blastocyst is a(n) a) extraembryonic membrane. b) solid ball of cells. c) hollow ball of cells. d) portion of the placenta. e) origin of the urinary bladder.
hollow ball of cells
The cell division which produces sperm cells is: blastulation. mitosis. cleavage. meiosis.
meiosis
The ________ penetrates the urogenital diaphragm. a) penile urethra b) membranous urethra c) prostatic urethra
membranous urethra
The ligament that attaches the ovary to the uterus is the ________ ligament. a) inguinal b) tunica albuginea c) suspensory d) ovarian e) broad
ovarian
The surge in luteinizing hormone that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers a) follicle maturation. b) menstruation. c) ovulation. d) menopause. e) atresia.
ovulation
Stretching of the cervix causes an increase in the blood levels of a) estrogen. b) progesterone. c) oxytocin. d) relaxin. e) chorionic gonadotropin.
oxytocin
The principal hormone concerned directly with milk letdown, or ejection, is: prolactin. oxytocin. estrogen. thyroid hormone.
oxytocin
The breasts are attached to the chest superficial to the ________ muscle. a) serratus anterior b) trapezius c) rectus abdominis d) pectoralis major
pectoralis major
The traits of an individual controlled by his or her genotype are his or her a) epigenome. b) genotypical inheritances. c) alleles. d) phenotype. e) karyotype.
phenotype
The structure that allows for all electrolyte and gas exchange is the: amnion. allantois. placenta. chorion.
placenta
Which of the following produces vital female hormones during pregnancy? amnion placenta uterus yolk sac
placenta
During gestation, contraction of the myometrium is inhibited by ________, produced by the placenta. a) progesterone b) estrogen c) oxytocin d) prostaglandins e) inhibin
progesterone
Menstruation is triggered by a drop in the levels of a) FSH. b) LH. c) relaxin. d) progesterone. e) inhibin.
progesterone
The principal hormone secreted by the corpus luteum is a) LH. b) FSH. c) progesterone. d) luteosterone. e) estrogen.
progesterone
The ________ is a fleshy pouch suspended below the perineum and anterior to the anus. a) scrotum b) rete testis c) raphe d) prostate gland e) bulbourethral gland
scrotum
The ________ is/are posterior to the urinary bladder. a) prostate gland b) bulbourethral gland c) seminal glands d) corpus cavernosum
seminal glands
Most of the fluid contained in semen is produced by the: seminal vesicles and prostate gland. interstitial cells. epididymis and seminiferous tubules. bulbourethral glands.
seminal vesicles and prostate gland
When spermatogonia divide, the two daughter cells produced are a spermatogonium and a a) sperm. b) spermatocyte. c) spermatid. d) spermatozoon.
spermatocyte
The process of spermiogenesis produces a) spermatogonia. b) primary spermatocytes. c) secondary spermatocytes. d) spermatids. e) spermatozoa.
spermatozoa
Spermatids mature into spermatozoa by the process of a) spermatogenesis. b) meiosis. c) mitosis. d) spermiogenesis. e) capacitation.
spermiogenesis
The ________ arteries supply blood to the functional zone of the endometrium. a) Straight b) Arcuate c) Spiral d) Radial e) None of the answers is correct; the functional zone of the endometrium is not vascularized.
spiral
In a(n) ________, each ductus deferens is cut and either a segment removed and the ends tied (or cauterized) or silicone plugs are inserted. a) prostatectomy b) tubal ligation c) vasectomy d) hysterectomy e) ovariectomy
vasectomy
The space bounded by the labia minora is the a) fornix. b) vestibule. c) hymen. d) clitoris.
vestibule
Following fertilization, the proper order in human development is: zygote, fetus, infant, embryo embryo, zygote, fetus, infant zygote, embryo, fetus, infant embryo, fetus, zygote, infant
zygote, embryo, fetus, infant
The infancy stage of life is considered to be over when the baby reaches ________ of age. a) 1 year b) 2 years c) 6 months d) 1 month
2 years
What day in the female reproductive cycle would you see the lowest level of ovarian hormones? 14 20 23 28
28
How many chromosomes do human somatic cells contain? a) 22 b) 23 c) 44 d) 46 e) 92
46
In humans, the diploid chromosomal number is: 2 12 23 46
46
Normally, pregnancy could not occur if: one ovary has been removed. the uterine tubes have been cut. the uterus has been removed. A and B are correct B and C are correct
B and C are correct
During the female reproductive cycle: blood levels of FSH and LH are greatest during days 20-28. FSH and LH are highest around day 14. FSH triggers ovulation. LH causes an increase in endometrial thickness.
FSH and LH are highest around day 14
All of the following occur during pregnancy except a) a woman's respiratory rate and tidal volume increase. b) maternal blood volume increases. c) maternal nutrient requirements increase. d) a woman's glomerular filtration rate increases. e) a woman's bladder capacity increases.
a woman's bladder capacity increases
Which of the following statements concerning oogenesis is false? a) Oogenesis begins before birth. b) Ova develop from stem cells called oogonia. c) An ovum completes its last meiosis after it is fertilized. d) About half the oogonia complete mitosis between birth and puberty. e) By the time of their birth, girls have already lost about 80 percent of their oocytes.
about half the oogonia complete mitosis between birth and puberty
The ________ of a sperm contains the enzymes essential for fertilization. a) acrosomal cap b) neck c) middle piece d) flagellum
acrosomal cap
A male bodybuilder starts taking injections of testosterone (an anabolic steroid) on a daily basis. After 3 weeks, which of the following would you expect to observe? a) increased sex drive b) decreased levels of GnRH c) decreased levels of LH and FSH d) All of the answers are correct.
all of the answers are correct
Contact of a sperm with the oocyte membrane causes a) oocyte activation. b) completion of the second meiosis. c) formation of the second polar body. d) membrane fusion. e) All of the answers are correct.
all of the answers are correct
Emission and ejaculation a) occur under sympathetic stimulation. b) begin with peristaltic contractions of the ampulla. c) are responsible for propelling semen into the female reproductive tract. d) involve contractions of the bulbospongiosus muscle. e) All of the answers are correct.
all of the answers are correct
For erection to occur, a) there must be sufficient blood hydrostatic pressure. b) the sacral spinal cord must be intact. c) nitric oxide must be present. d) All of the answers are correct.
all of the answers are correct
Nurse cells a) are found in the seminiferous tubules. b) form the blood-testis barrier. c) coordinate spermatogenesis. d) All of the answers are correct. e) None of the answers is correct.
all of the answers are correct
Which of the following statements about the uterine cycle is true? a) The first occurrence is termed menarche. b) It is ultimately controlled by GnRH. c) It is skipped in pregnancy. d) It often involves painful myometrial contraction. e) All of the answers are correct.
all of the answers are correct
The various forms of any one gene are called a) homologous. b) homozygous. c) heterozygous. d) autosomes. e) alleles.
alleles
Examination of cells recovered from the fluid surrounding the developing fetus can determine whether or not a chromosomal abnormality is present.This fluid is found within which of the following? amnion allantois yolk sac chorion
amnion
The extraembryonic membrane that forms a fluid-filled sac is the a) yolk sac. b) amnion. c) allantois. d) All of the answers are correct. e) None of the answers is correct.
amnion
Which of the following structures protects and cushions the embryo? chorion maternal blood supply amnion allantois
amnion
Increased progesterone levels: stimulate ovulation are present during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle are present during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle are present after menopause
are present during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle
A boy has a genetic mutation such that FSH is not produced, but LH is normal. After the boy grows to maturity, it is likely he will a) not develop secondary sex characteristics. b) be sterile. c) be impotent. d) have impaired function of the interstitial cells.
be sterile
At which stage does the conceptus implant into the endometrium? morula zygote blastocyst embryo
blastocyst
A diaphragm forms a physical barrier over which of the following structures? vagina hymen clitoris cervix
cervix
Which of the following best matches the term endometrium? a) thick layer of smooth muscle cells b) supports the uterus anteriorly c) supports the uterus laterally d) consists of a basilar zone and a functional zone e) after ovulation, the ovum is captured by it
consists of a basilar zone and a functional zone
The ________ consists of the follicle cells that cling to the oocyte after ovulation. a) corona radiata b) egg nest c) antrum d) corpus luteum e) zona pellucida
corona radiata
In polygenic inheritance, phenotypic characters are a) determined by a single pair of alleles. b) determined by interactions among several genes. c) determined by multiple copies of a single gene. d) determined by the genes on the Y chromosome.
determined by interactions among several genes
Which of the following generally occur during the first stage of parturition? crowning of the head expulsion of the placenta dilation of the cervix episiotomy
dilation of the cervix
The organ that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra is the a) ductus deferens. b) epididymis. c) seminal gland. d) ejaculatory duct.
ductus deferens
Contraction of the dartos muscle a) elevates the scrotal sac. b) produces an erection. c) propels sperm through the urethra. d) moves sperm through the ductus deferens.
elevates the scrotal sac
A vasectomy is an effective method of birth control because it: greatly reduces the volume of semen. has a negative feedback effect on the gonadotropins. causes a chemical change in sperm that prevents fertilization. eliminates the possibility of sperm leaving the male body.
eliminates the possibility of sperm leaving the male body
The stage of labor during which the fetus emerges from the vagina is called the ________ stage. a) fetal b) dilation c) placental d) expulsion
expulsion
During cleavage there is great growth accompanying cell division: true false
false
Another term for vulva is a) gonads. b) vagina. c) female external genitalia. d) accessory glands. e) labia.
female external genitalia
On which of the following days would the level of GnRH be highest in a female? a) day of ovulation b) first day of menses c) 3 days before ovulation d) 3 days after ovulation
first day of menses
Which of the following traits is a sex-linked inheritance? a) albino pigmentation b) red hair c) hemophilia d) Huntington's disease e) sickle cell anemia
hemophilia
The pathogen responsible for nearly 75% of cervical cancers is a) Borrelia burgdorferi. b) human immunodeficiency virus. c) Chlamydia. d) human papillomavirus. e) Herpes simplex.
human papillomavirus
The ________ is an opening through which the spermatic cord passes. a) seminiferous tubule b) inguinal canal c) scrotal cavity d) efferent ductile
inguinal canal
Hormones secreted by the gonads: inhibit the anterior pituitary gland from secreting gonadotropins stimulate the anterior pituitary gland to secrete gonadotropins include FSH and LH stimulate ovulation in females
inhibit the anterior pituitary gland from secreting gonadotropins
Testosterone is secreted by the a) hypothalamus. b) adenohypophysis. c) nurse cells. d) interstitial cells.
interstitial cells
The union of a sperm nucleus and egg nucleus: results in the haploid number of chromosomes is the basis of mutation is called fertilization invalidates the concept of genetic continuity
is called fertilization
Inward projections of the tunica albuginea, known as septa, divide the testis into a) seminiferous tubules. b) straight tubules. c) lobules. d) rete testis.
lobules
A zygote whose genotype is XY will develop as a a) male. b) female.
male
Select the true statement concerning mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis results in gametes whereas meiosis results in diploid daughter cells. Both mitosis and meiosis result in gametes with the diploid number of chromosomes. Mitosis requires two set of divisions whereas in meiosis the cells only require one. Mitosis results in two daughter cells with the diploid number of chromosomes whereas meiosis results in 4 haploid cells.
mitosis results in two daughter cells with the diploid number of chromosomes whereas meiosis results in 4 haploid cells
After fertilization, the first cell division is completed a) within a few seconds. b) within the hour. c) 6 days later. d) more than a day later.
more than a day later
After 3 days, a pre-embryo becomes a solid ball of cells known as a a) chorion. b) blastomere c) lacuna. d) morula. e) blastocyst.
morula
Chemically the sex hormones estrogen and testosterone may be described as: different proteins. types of vitamins. steroid substances with similar chemical structure. mucopolysaccharides.
steroid substances with similar chemical structure
Testosterone: is produced in response to an increase in FSH and a decrease in LH. stimulates increased protein synthesis and the growth of skeletal muscle. is secreted mainly by the adrenal cortex in both men and women. secretions are inhibited by high levels of FSH and LH.
stimulates increased protein synthesis and the growth of skeletal muscle
Which of the following is not true of the placenta? secretes progesterone and estrogen, two female hormones that are necessary for the continuation of pregnancy allows for the passage of nutrients from the mother to the embryo stores waste materials received from the embryo allows for the passage of oxygen from the mother's bloodstream into the blood vessels of the embryo
stores waste materials received from the embryo
The ________ ligament extends from the lateral surface of the ovary to the pelvic wall. a) inguinal b) tunica albuginea c) suspensory d) ovarian e) broad
suspensory
During meiosis I, in maternal and paternal systems, chromosomes fuse together during the process called ________ to form a ________. a) synapsis; chromatid b) prophase I; chromatid c) synapsis; spermatid d) metaphase II; tetrad e) synapsis; tetrad
synapsis;tetrad
Each of the following statements concerning development is true except a) embryonic development includes the events that occur in the first 2 months. b) fetal development occurs from the 9th week until birth. c) the first trimester is when the fetus looks distinctively human. d) postnatal development begins at birth.
the first trimester is when the fetus looks distinctively human
During the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle, a) the corpus luteum is forming. b) the functional zone of the endometrium is restored. c) the fertilized ovum implants. d) All of the answers are correct. e) None of the answers is correct.
the functional zone of the endometrium is restored
Natural family planning is an alternative term for which form of birth control? a) the rhythm method b) an intrauterine device c) hormonal post-coital contraception d) oral contraceptives e) vasectomy
the rhythm method
A sample of a woman's blood is analyzed for reproductive hormone levels. The results indicate a high level of progesterone, relatively high levels of inhibin, and low levels of FSH and LH. The female is most likely experiencing ________ of the uterine cycle. a) the proliferative phase b) menses c) the secretory phase d) menarche e) menopause
the secretory phase
It is believed that continuation of prolactin secretion is due to the suckling stimulus. true false
true
The tough fibrous capsule that surrounds the testis is called the a) median raphe. b) spermatic cord. c) tunica albuginea. d) dartos. e) epididymis.
tunica albuginea
The structure that transports the ovum to the uterus is the a) uterosacral ligament. b) vagina. c) uterine tube. d) infundibulum. e) myometrium.
uterine tube