research HESI Flowers
A researcher studies the effect upon dental caries formation of a year-long regimen of daily rinsing with a particularly noxious-flavored oral solution, only to discover than 285 of the 300 subjects in the study have withdrawn from it by the end of the first month. Which step in the research process was not properly undertaken?
Performing a pilot study
examines the lived experiences of participants and the meanings those experiences hold for them, drawing its results only from the participants views
Phenomenologic research
Which is the best statement that differentiates between the sizes of samples and populations?
A population is usually larger than a sample.
What does a quantitative research instrument measure?
A study variable
What does appropriate generalization require? (Select all that apply.)
Application of findings to the population from which the sample was drawn More than one research study using the same research questions and variables Statistically significant findings
A researcher conducts a study to determine the effectiveness of a special program of sensitivity training for nurse managers upon several outcomes, all related to the staffs ability to identify and intervene appropriately when medication errors occur. This is an example of what type of quantitative research?
Applied research
A researcher publishes a paper describing how faith, pain, adherence to therapy, and meditation interact during the rehabilitation process. The description of the process is based on many interviews the researcher conducted with persons during and following rehabilitation experiences. The methodology is
Grounded theory
tells the story of past events, reconstructing these from other historical references, interviews, artifacts, art, and other sources that reflect the time of interest.
Historicism
How is a researcher who exemplifies rigor similar to the best technical nurse on her shift in a cardiovascular intensive care unit? (Select all that apply.)
They both strive for excellence They both are disciplined in the way they conduct their jobs. They both are passionate about accuracy and attending to details.
A panel of researchers conducts several studies, all drawn from an existent hospital and clinic database. The studies focus on quality and effectiveness within that system. The specific studies address mortality rates in elders within a year after hip fracture, functional outcomes six months after admission to a neurosurgical ICU after traumatic brain injury, rate of nurse injuries in an emergency department, and number of patient falls on various floors of the hospital. What type of research is this?
Outcomes research
If a nurse manager wants to study how well last years policies governing implementation of a bundle of interventions to prevent cross-contamination of MRSA have been working in her units, which of the following strategies would she use?
Outcomes research
The researcher believes that adults can remember details about the first time they were taken on a camping trip, as 7-year-olds, and that the experiences of a first camping trip are life-altering. What is a research term for these beliefs?
Assumptions
A human resources employee performs research focusing on the professional lifespan within the institution of nurses, and trying to discover whether their choice of work area is connected with the number of years they work in the institution. What type of research is this?
Correlational research
A researcher conducting a study to examine linkages among age, gender, drivers license suspension, and zip code poverty, educational level, and income, sourced from the records of the State Department of Motor Vehicles, is using which of the following types of research?
Correlational research
A researcher is operating from the point of view of logical positivism. Which of the following research methods would the logical positivist use? (Select all that apply.)
Correlational research Quasi-experimental research Quantitative descriptive research
A newly employed nurse administrator wants to know more about the employees on the units the administrator supervises. The manager accesses the managerial database and gathers data about all of the current employees on the unit, including work shift, number of years employed, age, gender, educational preparation, certifications, work history, and professional accomplishments. What type of research is this?
Descriptive research
Florence Nightingale researched mortality and morbidity rates in soldiers during the Crimean War and investigated various factors that influenced both, presenting her results as pie charts and graphs. Consequently, it is known that she conducted which types of research? (Select all that apply.)
Descriptive research Correlational research
What is the research question?
Does massage increase the total number of hours of daily sleep?
A researcher conducts many interviews, over a one-year period, with women in the treatment phase of breast cancer, all of whom are attending a breast cancer support group, in order to understand what happens in the support group, how the members are affected by membership, and how the members contribute to the group. The researcher herself is also in treatment for breast cancer and is a member of the group. What type of research is this?
Ethnographic research
A researcher randomly assigns a large group of subjects who are hospital patients either to receive magnesium at bedtime or not to receive magnesium at bedtime, and then measures sleep quality and duration. What type of research is this?
Experimental research
In a rehabilitation unit, patients are randomly assigned to high fiber diets versus ordinary fiber diets, in order to measure the effect on constipation. What type of research is this?
Experimental research
A researcher uses interviews with eight open-ended questions to study women in a new staging phase of breast cancer treatment, which includes serial biopsies and necessitates weekly closed biopsy, in order to understand more about social factors that impinge upon their experience. What type of research is this?
Grounded theory research
Hospital nurses are observed in order to determine exactly how long nurses swab IV ports with alcohol. Because they are being observed, they scrub the hub longer than they ordinarily would have. This is an example of what concept relevant to quantitative research?
Hawthorne effect
A researcher reviews the twenty years that a breast cancer clinic has been in operation in a small Midwestern city. The researcher interviews many of the women who have been treated in the clinic during this period and reviews the records of the clinic, along with its survival rates and the emergence of several of its innovative support programs for women and their families. The researcher ultimately writes a story of the clinic over those twenty years. What type of research is this?
Historicism
Ethnographic research might focus upon which of the following topics? (Select all that apply.)
How children in Alaska play during the winter d. Twenty-year abstinence members of Alcoholics Anonymous e. The mentoring process in a labor-delivery unit
A correlational researcher reports that the strength of the relationship between X and Y is near 0 (r = 10.03). What does this mean, relative to prediction?
If X is present, there is no guarantee at all that Y will be present.
Which is true of quantitative research? (Select all that apply.)
It addresses human responses by measuring or counting them. b. It presents information by clustering it or counting it. c. It yields a data set that can be analyzed by statistics. d. It operates systematically. e. It states or implies a research question. f. It operates in a concrete realm
What best characterizes the contribution of qualitative nursing research to evidence-based practice? (Select all that apply.)
It presents collective common evidence of health care clients experiences, which may provide inspirations for individual practice. It reveals participants experiences and individual viewpoints, feelings, and interpretations. These can provide guidelines for client-centered care.
How does quantitative research contribute to evidence-based practice? (Select all that apply.)
It provides scientific support for policies already in place. More evidence makes an existent policy more defensible. It provides evidence opposing policies already in place. Evidence in opposition to policies may result in new policies
Which of the following is true of the Cochrane Center and Cochrane Collaboration, begun in the 1970s by Professor Archie Cochrane? (Select all that apply.)
It serves as a repository for evidence-based practice guidelines It is the online library resource for research literature reviews
What is the research assumption?
It was taken as established fact that massage is pleasant, that research subjects getting fewer than 7 hours of sleep per night were sleep-deprived, and that endorphins mediated the changes observed.
A student completes her masters thesis on correlates of depression in retired airline pilots, and it is shelved in the library. Has this student communicated her research findings?
No, because the findings have not been made available to persons who will utilize them
Early nursing research by Nightingale focused on improving patient outcomes. What were the principal topics for the next wave of nursing research, in the first half of the 20th century? (Select all that apply.)
Nursing education, as opposed to nurse training Staffing, patient assignments, and type of care
Which of the follow potential studies would fall within the Agency for Healthcare Research and Qualitys future research goals? (Select all that apply.)
Performing a synthesis of research evidence regarding skin-to-skin contact of mothers and newborns Enacting a public education Internet commercial encouraging smokers to read the statistics regarding sequelae of cigarette smoking Trialing clean-and-sober support groups that are based in community shopping centers
A researcher uses interviews with two or three open-ended questions to study women in the staging phase of breast cancer treatment, in order to understand their experiences and the meanings they attribute to those experiences. What type of research is this?
Phenomenologic research
systematic, but it is a holistic, interactive, and subjective approach to describe life experiences and identify their meaning.
Qualitative research
Which of the following statements about qualitative research is accurate? (Select all that apply.)
Qualitative researchs principal purpose is to inform the reader. Qualitative research yields data that are not numbers-based, such as audiotapes, videotapes, and field notes.
A researcher designs a study. It depends on questionnaires for data, it has a clear purpose statement, it provides its results as a narrative without statistical analysis, and it makes general suggestions for practice. What type of research is this?
Quantitative research
a formal, objective, systematic process in which numerical data are used to obtain information about the world.
Quantitative research
In an attempt to assess whether selection of a same-gender psychiatrist leads to better mental health outcomes, clients newly referred for mental health services are told they may choose their mental health physicians. Later, measures of mental health are performed. What type of research is this?
Quasi-experimental research
Which is the highest form of measurement?
Ratio
1. In which way did Florence Nightingale contribute to evidence-based practice?
She gathered data that changed the care of hospitalized soldiers
(1) descriptive, which defines the magnitude of a concept and its characteristics, (2) correlational, which determines association between or among variables, (3) quasi-experimental, which tests an intervention and lacks control in at least one of three areas, and (4) experimental, which tests an intervention and includes both a control group and random assignment.
The quantitative research methods are classified into four categories
Which of the following items is different when comparing probability sampling and nonprobability sampling?
The relative chance of being selected as a study participant
A researcher conducts a pilot study before the main study is conducted. Why might the researcher choose to do this? (Select all that apply.)
The researcher has no idea whether subjects will complete the various phases of the study. b. The researcher needs to know how much of a change will occur in the dependent variable, so that sample size can be determined. c. The researcher isnt sure whether the fourth phase of the study is really necessary. d. The study site is a new one, and the researcher wants to find out whether its suitable for this kind of research. The researcher isnt sure whether the tool he or she is using to measure the dependent variable will be practical.
Which of the following statements about quantitative research is accurate? (Select all that apply.)
The results of quantitative research should be generalized back to the population from which the sample was drawn. Quantitative research addresses quantities, connections, and causes. Quantitative research predominates in the nursing research literature. Quantitative research provides answers to What? and Who? questions.
What is the research framework?
The studys causational explanation was based on the physiologic matrix of McCarthy, which includes effects of endorphins on sleep, learning ability, pain, digestive function, and cardiac output.
A researcher performs a study of how many nurses are assigned to a nursing floor on the basis of total square feet of the unit, correlating this with injury, fatigue, patient assignment, patient acuity, and length of employment. Which of the following are true regarding the type of quantitative data analysis used by the researcher? (Select all that apply.)
The type of quantitative data analysis is determined by the level of measurement of data. The type of quantitative data analysis should include some sort of numerical analysis.
A researcher studies the effect of three one-hour counseling sessions on eliminating bullying behaviors in teenagers. For the dependent variable, the researcher selects the outcome of being reported to the principals office in the two weeks following the sessions. The results of the research are dismissed by reviewers as meaningless, severely limiting generalization. What is the problem here?
Theoretical limitations
What is the research purpose?
This study was undertaken to explore the effect of massage on total hours of sleep per 24-hour day, in persons averaging fewer than 7 hours of sleep per night, attributable to insomnia
A researcher undertakes a research study on the danger of bears in Yosemite Valley. What determines the researchers selection of a research design? (Select all that apply.)
Whether or not the researcher intends to generalize the findings c. The researchers expertise and comfort with the research process chosen The study purpose and its anticipated outcomes f. The body of research already present on bear danger