Research Methods

According to Kerlinger (1986), a hypothesis can be defined as which one of the following statements?

A conjectural statement of the relationship between two or more variables

Thomas, Nelson, and Silverman (2015) define the scientific method as which one of the following statements?

A process of careful and systematic enquiry

What is research?

A process of discovery and advancement of human knowledge (Jones, 2015)

Which one of the following statements best describes why authority is a less valid way of knowing?

Accepting something is true because an eminent figure said it is lacks validity

Which one of the following types of research typically involves assessing what and how much is happening?

Descriptive research

Which one factor underpins the validity of authority?

Eminence

Which one factor underpins the validity of the Scientific Method?

Evidence

Which one of the following is not a feature of idiographic methods?

Idiographic methods typically involve large sample sizes

When conducting non-experimental quantitative research, which one of the following types of variable is considered equivalent to the predictor variable?

Independent variable

Which one of the following variables is the 'cause behind a change in a phenomenon?

Independent variable

Which of the following are two types of reasoning?

Inductive and Deductive

Which research paradigm is most guided by an ontology and epistemology that emphasises multiple perspectives on reality and subjectivity?

Interpretivism

According to Martens (1987), which way of knowing is the least reliable?

Intuition

According to Kumar (2005), which one of the following is not a characteristic of a hypothesis?

It cannot be verified

Which one of the following factors helps distinguish a concept from a variable?

Measurement

Which philosophical concept is characterised by the belief that objects are a product of the meaning we give them and they do not exist independent of us?

Nominalism

"Younger adults will have faster sprint times than older adults" is an example of which type of hypothesis?

One-tailed hypothesis

In the introduction to a quantitative peer-review journal article, you would typically not find which one of the following features?

Open-ended questions

Which one of the following is not a recognised step in the Scientific Method?

Picking a sample

Which one of the following does not relate to positivisim?

Qualitative method

Which one of the following statements is most accurate?

Qualitative research projects involve a bottom-up approach to theory use

Which of the following are the two main research methods?

Quantitative and Qualitative

Which one of the following is not one of the five common ways of knowing?

Religion

Which one key characteristic of research involves drawing conclusions based on hard evidence gathered from observations?

Research is empirical

Which one of the following typically relates to quantitative research?

Striving for objectivity in research

In the following scenario, which concept is the extraneous variable? An experiment was conducted to examine the relationship between self-oriented perfectionism, other-oriented perfectionism, socially prescribed perfectionism and blood lactate levels in elite soccer players. The experiment was conducted in a laboratory to minimise the potential confounding effects of teammates.

Teammates

Which one of the following features is unique to quantitative research questions?

The question can focus on differences between variables

What is a typical formal definition of ontology?

The study of the nature of existence.

Which one of the following features is common to all common ways of knowing except the Scientific Method?

They are static

Which one common way of knowing is characterised by knowledge based on 'storytelling'?

Tradition