Research Methods Chapter 1

The first step in the research process is

Identifying a topic area and searching the literature to find a research question.

Which of the following is typical of quantitative research?

ALL OF THE ABOVE It involves measuring variables for each individual. It usually involves numerical scores. It uses statistical analysis to summarize and interpret results.

Which of the following is a distinction between science and pseudoscience?

ALL OF THE ABOVE Pseudoscience tends to dismiss or refuse to accept negative results. Pseudoscience tends to rely on testimonials and selected results. Pseudoscience tends to treat criticism as a personal attack.

What kind of reasoning uses a few specific observations to produce a general hypothesis?

Inductive reasoning

Last year Tim and his friend Jack were both too short to ride the roller coaster. Jack went to the park this year and was tall enough to ride. Tim knows that he is taller than Jack, so he knows that he will be able to ride the roller coaster as well. Which method of knowing is Tim using?

Rational method

Which method of knowing is being used by a student who believes that his performance on tests is influenced by wearing a lucky hat?

The method of tenacity

What is meant by saying that "science is objective"?

Scientific answers are obtained without influence by the researcher's biases or beliefs.

Which of the following is the best description of the scientific method?

A circular process that leads to a tentative answer

Which method of knowing is used when you find the address and phone number of a restaurant by googling the name of the restaurant?

Method of authority

A restaurant chef tried replacing rice with pasta in one of her recipes to see what would hap- pen. Which method of acquiring knowledge is she using?

Method of empiricism

A hypothesis is a __________ statement and a prediction is a __________ statement.

general; specific

A researcher conducts a study in which 50 college students are assigned to different treatments and tested. In the study, the students are called

research participants