Research Methods Chapter 14 review

A study investigated the influence of relaxation training( relaxation training v. no relaxation training) and type of sleep- inducing product(Brand X v. Brand Y) on the amount of time it takes a person to fall asleep(in minutes). Partial results from the data analysis are in the table below. Compute the effect size for the relaxation factor. A. 0.14 B. 0.30 C. 0.37 D. 0.70

C

If n squared for a factor is 0.09, A. the importance of the factor should be emphasized in the interpretation of the overall experiment B. the importance of the factor should not be emphasized in the interpretation of the overall experiment C. the factor accounts for 90% of the variance in scores D. the factor accounts for 9% of the variance in scores

D

If sum of X=49, sum of X squared=104 Z=8.5, Z=90, SSbn=17.55 and N=30, what is SSa*b? A. 9.97 B. 6.42 C. 4.97 D. 2.61

D

Usually the effect size for any significant effects in a two-way ANOVA is determined by computing____, the proportion of variance accounted for in the sample. A. SSwn B. Fobt C. n squared D. w squared

c

If sum of X=49, sum of X squared= 104 and N=30, what is SS total? A. 4.97 B 23.97 C. 52.47 D. 311.53

B

In a two-way analysis of variance where Factor A has 3 levels and Factor B has 4 levels, what are the appropriate df if 240 participants are evenly distributed among the treatments?

see the packet.. too hard to type

In a two-way ANOVA, an F involving a comparison among the level means of a factor is referred to as a test for the significance of A. a main effect B. the interaction effect C. a factorial design D. a level effect

A

If sum of X=49, sum of X squared=104 Z=85 Z=90, SSbn=17.55, and N=30, what is SSwn? A. 9.97 B. 6.42 C. 4.97 D. 2.61

B

A study investigated the influence of age and time pressure on creativity. Summary stats are presented below. There was a significant main effect of time pressure. With MSxn=2.89, compute the HSD for the difference between 30 seconds and 2 minutes. Use a= 0.05 A. 0.37 B. 0.72 C. 1.04 D. 1.76

C

For Factor A, you have timed the rate at which participants can solve puzzles under three conditions of noise: high, medium, and low. In addition, for Factor B the participants have received either no caffeine or a high level of caffeine (equivalent to 4 cups of coffee). What kind of design do you have? A. A 2x3 between-subjects, factorial design B. A 3x3 between-subjects, factorial design C. A 3x2 between-subjects, factorial design D. A 3x3 between-subjects, incomplete factorial design

C

If sum of X=49, sum of X squared=104 Z=8.5, Z=90, and N-30, what is SSb? A. 4.97 B. 23.97 C. 9.97 D. 52.47

C

In a 3*4 design with four participants per cell, the degrees of freedom to use in looking up the Fcrit for the interaction effect would be A. 2, 36 B. 4, 48 C. 6, 36 D. 6,48

C

In a two-way ANOVA, the interaction effect is the A. effect of changing the levels of a factor on the dependent scores B. effect of changing the levels of a factor on the dependent scores, ignoring all other factors in the study C. extent to which the effect of one factor depends on the action of the other factor D. effect on the independent variable of changing the levels of a factor

C

A two-way ANOVA contains A. a main effect for each factor B. a main effect for each factor and an interaction C. an interaction for each factor and a main effect D. an interaction for each factor

B

A complete factorial design occurs when A. all levels of one factor are combined with all levels of the other factor B. all levels of one factor are not combined with all levels of the other factor C. the researcher is finished collecting all the data from a two-factor study D. all statistical analyses, including post hoc comparisons and the calculation of n squared, are completed

A

A significant interaction effect indicates that A. the influence of one factor is not the same for each level of the other factor B. the influence of one factor is the same for each level of the other factor C. the relationship between one factor and the dependent variable differs from the relationship between the other factor and the dependent variable D. the dependent variable differs depending on the level of a factor

A

A study investigated the influence of age and time pressure on creativity. The HSD for the interaction effect was 1.76. The table below shows the absolute differences between the cell means. Where are the significant differences? A. Between the mean for participants over 65 at the 30-sec time pressure and the mean for over65 at the 2-min time pressure B. (1) Between the mean for participants over 65 at the 30-sec time pressure and the mean for over 65 at the 2-min time pressure, and (2) between the mean for the College-Age group at the 30-sec time pressure and the mean for the over 65 group at the 30-sec time pressure C. none of the cells are significantly different D. all of the cells are significantly different

A

If sum of X=49, sum of X squared = 104 sum of[(sum of scores in the column)squared over n of scores in the column] = 8.5, sum of[(sum of scores in the row)squared over n of scores in the row] =90, and N=30, what is SSa? A. 4.97 B. 23.97 C. 9.97 D. 52.47

A

In a two-way ANOVA, a cell represents A. one level of the A independent variable and one level of the B independent variable B. one level of the dependent variable C. one level of the A independent variable D. all the subjects in the experiment

A

In a two-way ANOVA, an F involving a comparison among the means of the cells is referred to as a test for the significance of A. a main effect B. the interaction effect C. a factorial design D. a level effect

A

In a two-way ANOVA, the values of n and k A. may be different for each factor B. may be different for each level within a factor C. will always be the same for each factor D. will never be the same for different factors

A

Suppose you perform a 2 x 3 ANOVA on 18 participants equally divided across all cells. Your Fobt for Factor A is 9.15. This is a significant Fobt. Which of the following is the correct way to report this finding? A. Fa (1,12)=9.15; p<0.05 B. Fa (2,18)=9.15; p<0.05 C. Fa (1,12)=9.15; p>0.05 D. Fa (2.15)=9.15; p<0.05

A

The primary reason for conducting a study with two factors is to A. observe the interaction between the factors B. observe the main effects simultaneously C. conserve time and energy D. obtain more samples than can easily be obtained with one factor

A

To graph a main effect from a two-way ANOVA, the _____ is(are) plotted along the X axis, the ____ is (are) plotted along the Y axis, and the ____ is (are) plotted in the graph. A. levels of a factor; dependent variable; main effect means B. dependent variable; levels of a factor; main effects means C. levels of a factor; dependent variable; cell means D. levels of one factor; levels of the other factor; dependent variable

A

In a two-way ANOVA, the hypotheses for a Factor B that has four levels are A. H0: uB1 = uB2 ; Ha : not all uBs are equal B. h0: uB1 = uB2 = UB3 = uB4 ; Ha : not all uBs are equal C. H0: uB1 = uB2 = uB3 = uB4 ; Ha: uB1 not equal uB2 not equal uB3 not equal uB4 D. H0: uB1 - uB2 =0; Ha : uB1 - uB2 not equal to 0

B

If you are interested in how well students perform on a standardized math achievement test after they have completed a six-week math unit in either a computer-assisted class, a videotaped course, or regular classroom, and you also want to include a factor for sex(boys v. girls), what is the dependent variable? A. The type of math instruction B. the subjects' sex C. The six-week unit D. The scores on the math achievement test

D

In a 2*2 design with 40 participants equally distributed across the conditions, what are kA and nA1? A. kA =1; nA1 = 10 B. kA = 1; nA1 = 40 C. kA = 2; nA1 = 10 D. kA = 2; nA1 = 20

D

When an experiment design has two factors and both factors are tested using related samples, we should perform a A. two-way within-subjects ANOVA B. two-way between-subjects ANOVA C. two-way mixed-design ANOVA D. two-way dependent-factors ANOVA

A

An interaction effect that is not significant indicates that A. the influence of one factor is not the same for each level of the other factor B. the influence of one factor is the same for each level of the other factor C. the relationship between one factor and the dependent variable differs from the relationship between the other factor and the dependent variable D. the dependent variable differs depending on the level of a factor

B

An unconfounded comparison occurs in comparing two cell means when A. there are unequal ns in the cells B. the two cells differ along one factor C. the two cells differ along more than one factor D. there are unequal ns in the factors

B

In statistical terminology, when we "collapse across a factor," we average together all the scores A. from all the cells, ignoring which level of either factor they fall into B. within each level of a factor, ignoring which level of the other factor they fall into C. from each factor, ignoring which level they fall into D. from all the levels of all the levels

B

Sarah Ann designed, conducted, analyzed, wrote, and published a experiment. In the 2*4 ANOVA, the F value for Art Medium was FA=8.8, indicating a significant difference in the Time it took to produce works of art using different media. The F value for Size of the art work was FB=1.2, indicating a non significant finding. The interaction also was non significant. What was the dependent variable? A. Art Medium B. time C. size D. quality

B

The "adjusted k" in Tukey's HSD is adjusted to take into account A. the number of confounded comparisons we can make out of all the cell means in our interaction B. the number of unconfounded comparisons we can make out of all the cell means in our interaction C. the adjustment factor used when there are unequal ns in the cells D. the total number of cell means in a study

B

The H0 for a main effect of a two-way ANOVA is that the samples in the various levels are drawn from populations where A. there are unequal variances B. there are equal means C. there are equal variances D. the scores are normally distributed

B

The larger the value of n squared A. the less consistent the relationship between the independent variable(IV) and the dependent variable B. the more important the manipulation(IV) is in determining C. the less important the manipulation (IV) is in determining participants' scores D. the score variable the effects of the factor(IV) are on the participants' scores

B

To graph an interaction, place the ____ on the X axis, place the ____ along the Y axis, and show the second factor by ____ A. levels of one factor; levels of the other factor; plotting the cell means for the dependent variable B. levels of one factors, dependent variable; drawing a separate line for each level of the second factor, with each line connecting the means for the levels C. levels of one factor; levels of the other factor; creating a similar but separate graph for each cell mean D. levels of one factor; dependent variable; creating a similar but separate graph for each level of the other factor

B

A confounded comparison occurs in comparing two cell means when A. there are unequal ns in the cells B. the two cells differ along one factor C. the two cells differ along more than one factor D. there are unequal ns in the factors

C

A professor and his graduate students conducted a study testing the effects of levels of collaborative learning and levels of constructivist instruction on student learning. Their partial summary table is shown here. What was Fa? A. Fa=8 B. Fa=9 C. Fa=10 D. Fa=11

C

In a 4*2 design with 80 participants distributed equally across the conditions, what are kA*B and nA1B1? A. kA*B = 4; nA1B1 =20 B. kA*B=6; nA1B1=10 C. kA*B=8; nA1B1=10 D. kA*B=8; nA1B1= 80

C

In a two-way ANOVA, the main effect of a factor is the A. extent to which its effect depends on the action of the other factor B. extent to which the factor produces dependent variable scores different from those the other factor produced C. effect of changing the levels of the factor on the dependent variable scores, ignoring all other factors in the study D. effect of changing the levels of the factor on the dependent variable scores, taking into account all other factors in the study

C

The primary interpretation of a two-way ANOVA rests on the interpretation of the A. main effects B. ANOVA summary table C. interaction effect, if it is significant D. means for the main effects

C

We do not compare cell means in post hoc analysis when the cells are confounded because A. confounded cell means cannot differ significantly B. confounded cell means contain too much error variance C. even if the difference were significant, we could not tell where it came from D. if the difference were significant, it would cast doubt on the interpretation of other significant differences

C

When an experiment design has two factors but one factor involves related samples while the other factor involves independent samples, we should perform a A. two-way within-subjects ANOVA B. two-way between-subjects ANOVA C. two-way mixed-design ANOVA D. two-way independent-related samples ANOVA

C

When graphed, a significant interaction effect produces two or more lines that A. slant upward from left to right B. slant downward from left to right C. are not parallel D. have either U shapes or inverted U shapes

C

For which of the three F-tests in a two-way ANOVA do you collapse across the levels of the other factors in computing the means? A. the A main effect B. the B main effect C. the interaction effect D. both the A main effect and the B main effect

D

How many participants would be required for a completely randomized 4 by 5 between-subjects design with three observations per cell? A. 18 B. 20 C. 27 D. 60

D

If you are interested in how well students perform on a standardized math achievement test after they have completed a six-week math unit in either a computer-assisted class, a videotaped course, or a regular classroom, what kind of design do you have? A. A 3x3 between-subjects, factorial design B. A 2x2 between-subjects, factorial design C. A 3x3 between-subjects, incomplete factorial design D. A one-way design

D

If you have a two-way ANOVA with 2 x 3 design, and the A main effect is the only significant Fobt, which of the following would you do? A. perform post hoc comparisons for the 3 levels of the B factor B. perform post hoc comparisons for the 2 levels of the A factor C. perform post hoc comparisons for the interaction effect D. perform no post hoc comparisons

D

In a two-way ANOVA, the HSDs for the two main effects will A. always be the same B. never be the same C. be different if their Fobt values are different D. be different if their ks or ns are different

D

In any two-way ANOVA, if Fa*b is significant, which of the following is true? A. Fa also has to be significant B. Fb also has to be significant C. Both Fa and Fb also must be significant D. A significant interaction does not tell us anything about the significance of the main effects

D

The denominator in all the F ratios in a two-way factorial ANOVA is A. the estimate of the interaction variance B. the estimate of the treatment variance for the main effect being tested C. never the same D. the estimate of the variability within any of the raw score populations represented by the samples

D

Which of the following is not one of the assumptions we must satisfy when conducting a two-way, between-subjects ANOVA? A. Each cell is an independent sample of interval or ratio scores B. the populations represented are normally distributed C. the variances of all the represented populations are homogeneous D. the means of all the populations represented are equal

D