Research Methods Memory Retrievals

Pick the best response about writing a "good" survey.

It is not easy to write survey questions that will produce valid and reliable data.

What are two different ways of collecting data in field research?

1. Asking Questions. 2. Making and recording direct observation.

In the lecture I described how the State of Utopia decided on a policy that made inmates who were non-violent and within 120 days of release eligible for early release. To determine if this policy was implemented as intended would require which of the following?

A process evaluation

Suppose you are conducting a outcome evaluation of juvenile boot camps. Due to legal reasons it is not possible to randomly assign participants to experimental (boot camps) and control groups (another delinquency program). What research design should a researcher use?

A quasi-experiment

I want to research people's willingness to pay more for organic food. Prior research has shown that this is related to age. If I want to be sure that my sample is going to be generalizable to the wider population, which would be the best sample?

A random sample that is stratified by age.

In the reading the author states that research questions must be measurable. Pick the hypothesis that is measurable.

A. Probation is BETTER than prison. B. Some people DESERVE prison rather than probation. C. It is WRONG to use probation as a punishment. D. Not one of these questions would be measurable and thus none would meet the criteria for a good research question Answer is D.

Jillian wants to know what percent of students at her school watch sports on TV. Which strategy for sampling will be more likely to produce a representative sample?

At the next school assembly, use a random number generator to select the first student to include then then every third student who enters.

What if a researcher wanted to study the correlation between SAT scores and first year GPA of freshman in American colleges? Is there one list of all freshman in American Colleges? No there is not. Do specific schools have a list of their freshman along with their SAT scores and their first year GPA? Yes. Is there a list of all colleges in America? Yes there is. Given these circumstances what type of sampling would you recommend?

Cluster

Faith is interested understanding how local police departments are making the decision about whether to have 8, 10 or 12 hour shifts. She wants to conducted a semi-structured interview with a high ranking administrator to uncover the reasons behind the decision. She finds out that there are almost 400 local police departments in Florida so she knows she needs to select a sample. She looks on Wikipedia and finds a list of the city and county agencies. Since she is going to conduct interviews she knows she needs to limit her travel distances. She decides to divide the agencies into one of four parts of the state (North, East, West and South). If she takes a random sample of 25 agencies from just the West portion of the state, she would have used what method of sampling?

Cluster sampling

Dr. Jaynes is interested in obtaining estimates of how many residents of Florida are victimized online. She randomly selects cities within Florida and within the cities she randomly selects zip codes. From within those zip codes she randomly selects street addresses and surveys all people who live on the selected streets regarding their experiences with online victimization. This is an example of:

Cluster sampling because there is no list of all Florida citizens so she uses naturally occurring clusters for which she does have a list (cities, zipcodes and street addresses).

I used a audio story on a 12 year old who systematically determined how many of the most popular video games had female players as an example of which type of data collection method?

Content analysis

The easiest sample to obtain is a:

Convenience Sample

The easiest sample to obtain is a

Convenience sample

A researcher is interested in whether the media has played a role in the attitudes of citizens of Tampa towards a motorist charged with driving 110 miles an hour and killing a mother and child. She and her graduate students stand outside Westshore Plaza and ask people who walk past to answer a survey. What type of sampling is this an example of?

Convenience sampling

The author of the textbook makes the argument that:

Detectives are like researchers.

Theo wants to know what percent of students at his school have a computer. Which strategy for sampling will be more likely to produce a representative sample?

Get an list of the names of all students in the school, and use a random number generator to pick a random sample of 120 students.

This question is about one of the seven internal threats to the validity of an experiment.

History

A field research will make observations first, determine if there is a pattern, then formulate a tentative hypothesis to explain what was observed. This called:

Inductive Reasoning

Random assignment of participants to the experimental and control groups is important because

It creates two groups that are statistically equal

Which of the following IS NOT part of the advice to program evaluators Dr. Cass gave in her video lecture?

Make sure the program pays for the evaluation.

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

Money and Time

The book states that research questions should be unanswered. Does that mean that we should never study the same research question twice?

No

Agency data is data that can be collected from:

Police departments, courts, correctional agencies, universities, juvenile justice departments

Applied Research has two parts: part one is Evaluation Research. What is part two?

Problem/Policy Analysis

Coming up with options to reduce prison overcrowding is part of conducting a:

Problem/Policy Analysis

Elaluation Research has two parts: part one- outcome evalution. What is part two?

Process Evaluation

If an outcome evaluation is conducted, but a _____________is NOT conducted, criminal justice officials

Process evaluation

Select all the statements that accurately describe field research.

Provides a great depth of understanding and usually has high validity

What does it mean when we say that field research is usually qualitative?

Qualitative data is presented more like a story just llike field research.

When it is not possible to randomly assign participants to the experimental group and the control group, it is not possible to conduct a true experiment. Instead the researchers will try to make the two groups as similar as possible and we will call the second group the comparison group. We call that a non-equivalent group design or a

Quasi-experiment

When it is not possible to randomly assign participants to the experimental and control groups, we construct non-random groups. We call this type of experiment a:

Quasi-experiments

The time frame covered by a survey question is called the:

Reference Period

You could use (click the link) https://andrew.hedges.name/experiments/random/ to pick a:

Simple random sample

Dr. Powers is interested in citizen's perception of safety in Tampa. She uses random digit dialing to select a sample. This is an example of:

Simple random sampling

When you want to study people who might be hard to locate, a _________sample might let you start with one person who fits your study and use that person to help you locate others who fit your study. Be sure to pick the BEST answer.

Snowball

A criminology graduate student is interested in whether street gangs also participate in cybecrime. While visiting his brother in prison he had met a member of a local Tampa street gang. That person agrees to be part of the study and also agrees to recruit other gang members he knows. The criminology graduate student is using which kind of sampling to recruit participants?

Snowball sampling

Jim wants to find what percent of students at his high school eat breakfast. He randomly selects 10 students from each grade level (freshman, sophomore, junior, senior) because he think the DV (eating breakfast) may be related to grade level. What type of sampling is this?

Stratified random sample

If a researcher wants to ensure that the sample matches the population in terms of subgroups (political party) for example, the researcher should use:

Stratified random sampling

Juan wants to find what percent of students at his school drink the milk after they finish their cereal. He uses a random number generator to select a starting number and after that he selects every tenth person who enters the school. What type of sampling is this?

Systematic Random

Random assignment of participants to the experimental and control groups is important because

This is how you produce two groups that are statistically equivalent. It also makes it possible to assume that all "other things" are equal.

Content from existing written sources, or videos or audios can all be mined as a source of data for conducting research. Think of a research question that could be answered with written sources, or videos or audios sources that already exist.

To what extent are movies consistent with their ratings?

True or False: Applied research is research designed to assist criminal justice practitioners.

True

True or False: Directly observing behavior and asking questions are the two ways field researchers collect data.

True

True or False: Sampling is about the process of selecting who/what a researcher collect data on/from.

True

True or False: Shorter surveys have the benefit of making it less likely that respondents will quit before finishing.

True

True or False: sampling is about who/what a researcher slelects to collect data on

True

Describe what problems you see with the question "Where do you like to shop?__________

You do not know what you are shopping for, definition problem with the word "like" and why would you like to shop there (quality selection or good customer service).

In order to select a probability sample of students at registered at USF in the Spring 2019 semester, a researcher would need a:

a list of students registered at USF in Spring 2019

A hypothesis is:

a predictive statement to be answered with data.

One of the biggest mistakes a researcher could make when developing a research question is picking:

a research question that is not specific enough.

In order to select a probability sample of students at USF, a researcher would need a

list of students

Dr. Lu is interested in steps elderly citizens take to produce themselves from cybercrime. She goes to a local assisted living center. She believes there might be a gender difference in the type of steps taken, so she wants to be sure that her sample is 50% men and 50% women. To make sure that her sample consists of 50% of men and 50% women she should use a:

stratified random sample

Suppose you wanted to find out the average income of American college graduates one year after graduation. Each year there are around 1,750,000 college graduates, so you will need to select a sample of that population to collect data from. You might think that it is important to know what the students' major was because you think average income might vary greatly by major (STEM versus humanities, for example). In this situation, the best way to draw a sample that would be:

stratified random sample by major