Review for Chapter 9 Gov

Which answer choice contains the missing information for (A) and (B) on the chart?

A: contains Title IX, which outlaws discrimination on the basis of gender for any educational activity receiving federal funding; B: outlaws housing discrimination against people who have children

Which of the following statements is supported by the information in the chart?

Between the early twentieth century and the early twenty-first century, the United States saw a shift in where its immigrants came from.

Which of the following completes the sequence chart?

Civil Rights Act of 1964

A chart lists reasons for the lack of civil rights legislation between the 1870s and the 1950s as follows: America's white population was little concerned with the challenges facing Native Americans and other ethnic and racial minorities; Southern white Democrats who resisted civil rights progress held powerful posts in Congress; blank. Which of the following completes the chart?

Congress was primarily focused on economic issues, such as the GI Bill of Rights.

Read the quotation and then answer the question. "[When] the University of Texas Law School is compared with . . . [the] law school for Negroes, we cannot find substantial equality in the educational opportunities offered white and Negro law students by the state. . . . We hold that the _________________ requires that petitioner be admitted to the University of Texas Law School."—Chief Justice Fred Vinson, Opinion of the Court, Sweatt v. Painter (1950) Analyze the quotation and then select the phrase that correctly completes the excerpt.

Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment

Read the quotation and then answer the question. " . . . today we endorse . . . the view that student body diversity is a compelling state interest that can justify the use of race in university admissions. . . . To be narrowly tailored, a race-conscious admissions program cannot use a quota system. . . . We find that the . . . admissions program bears the hallmarks of a narrowly tailored plan."—Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor Based on context clues, from which Supreme Court decision must this quotation come?

Grutter v. Bollinger

Under which heading would you place, "largest minority group in the United States"?

Hispanic Americans

Which law established a one-year amnesty program for illegal aliens and made it a crime to hire an illegal alien?

Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986

Which law ended the country-based quota system that had originally been established by the National Origins Act of 1929?

Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965

Which of the following is true about Title IX?

It applies to all public and private schools that receive federal funds.

Which of the following examples are not grounds for losing one's American citizenship?

Marrying a citizen of a foreign country.

Read the excerpt from the student text. Then answer the question. "'The only good Indian is a dead Indian' is not simply a hackneyed expression from cowboy movies."—Thomas E. Patterson, The American Democracy Patterson is using the quote "The only good Indian is a dead Indian" to make the point that

Native Americans faced systematic elimination by white settlers as they moved west

Which of the following is the best reason for why the Civil War did not completely end racial segregation in America?

Racial attitudes and policies had been a part of American life for a long time and were not going to change easily.

A chart lists information about Supreme Court decisions regarding segregation, listing the names of the cases, the years when the decisions were made, and the results of the cases as follows: Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896: "separate but equal" declared constitutional; Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada, 1938: Lloyd Gaines, an African American, is admitted to a segregated public law school in Missouri; Brown v. Board of Education, 1954: "separate but equal" declared unconstitutional; Gayle v. Browder, 1956: desegregated public transportation; Loving v. Virginia, 1967: laws forbidding interracial marriage declared unconstitutional; Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education, 1969: ended period of "all deliberate speed" set by Brown v. Board; blank, 1971: sanctions forced racial integration in schools via busing. Which of the following completes the chart?

Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education

What is the central legal reason for why gender discrimination cases are different from racial discrimination?

The Constitution makes little specific reference to gender.

Read the excerpt from the student text. Then answer the question. "Congress' civil rights logjam was finally broken in 1957, largely as a result of the pressures brought to bear by the civil rights movement led by Dr. King. Beginning in that year, Congress passed a number of civil rights laws—notably, the Civil Rights Acts of 1957, 1960, 1964, and 1968; the Voting Rights Acts of 1965, 1970, 1975, 1982, and 2006; and Title IX in the Education Amendments of 1972." Which statement best summarizes the cause-and-effect relationship between the civil rights movement and the numerous civil rights laws enacted during the second half of the twentieth century?

The legislative achievements that began in 1957 would likely not have happened when they did if not for the work of the civil rights movement and its individual leaders.

The minority population has surpassed the white population in the States of New Mexico, California, Hawaii, and Texas. Which of the following is the most likely reason for this shift in population?

These are border States that see larger numbers of immigrants.

Read the quotation and answer the question that follows. "Today, thanks in no small part to the confidence and determination they developed through competitive sports and the work ethic they learned with their teammates, girls who play sports are more likely to excel in school. In fact, more women as a whole now graduate from college than men. This is a great accomplishment—not just for one sport or one college or even just for women but for America." —President Barack Obama, June 23, 2012 Based on context clues, which federal civil rights law is President Obama praising in this quotation?

Title IX

A cartoon shows a woman shutting off the lights as she leaves an office after a day of work. She says, "Another day, another eighty cents." A newspaper laid on a desk has the headline, "Gender-Based Pay Disparity." Which statement best expresses the cartoon's message?

Women are not paid the same as men

Use the chart to answer the questions. Which of the following replaces (B) _____ in the chart?

at least 5 years

Which of the following could be added to the "Asian American" column?

came to the U.S. to work in mines and building railroads

A sign outside a business reads, "We serve White's only, no Spanish or Mexicans." The rule expressed in the sign is an example of

de facto segregation.

A chart shows names and descriptions of U.S. immigration laws as follows: Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882: restricted Chinese immigration; Immigration Act of 1924: assigned immigration quotas to European countries; Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952: assigned immigration quotas to all non-Western nations; Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965: eliminated the quota system; Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986: established one-year amnesty program for undocumented aliens; Immigration Act of 1990: increased number of immigrants allowed yearly; Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996: blank. Which of the following completes the chart?

doubled the size of the Border Patrol

The rational basis test

examines classifications made by the government.

The efforts of Martin Luther King, Jr., and his fellow civil rights workers resulted in

great political change, such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Consider a scenario in which an unmarried, 28 year-old American woman gives birth to a daughter while working abroad. Her daughter is an American citizen as long as the woman

has lived in the United States for at least 5 years and raises her daughter in the United States for at least 5 years after her daughter turns 14.

Use the chart to answer the questions. A chart describes two ways to acquire citizenship at birth. Under Jus Soli, Law of Soil, a child becomes an American citizen if born in the United States, Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, or Northern Mariana Islands; at any U.S. embassy; or aboard a U.S. public vessel anywhere in the world. Under Jus Sanguinis, Law of Blood, a child born to an American citizen on foreign soil becomes a citizen if both parents are American citizens and at least one (A) ______, or if one parent is an American citizen who has lived in the United States for (B) ______, two of those years after age 14, and the child lives in the United States continuously for at least five years between the ages of 14 and 28. Which of the following replaces (A) ______ in the chart?

has lived in the United States or an American territory at some time.

A chart lists examples of discrimination against Hispanic Americans as follows: 19th-century laws that impeded voter registration; taxing of Spanish-speaking "foreign miners"; deportations to make jobs available for whites; misunderstanding resulting in the Zoot Suit Riots; increase of hate crimes in recent years; blank. Which of the following best completes the chart?

hiring of undocumented workers for unsafe jobs

A photo shows four African American men sitting at the counter in a diner. This image demonstrates

how a citizen movement can bring about political change.

A chart shows names and descriptions of U.S. immigration laws Which of the following completes the chart?

increased the number of immigrants allowed yearly

Which of the following could be added to the "African Americans" column?

number some 14 percent of the American people

In Hernandez v. Texas, the Supreme Court's decision

opened the door to extend equal protection to racial and ethnic groups.

An image contains the following statement: "The Indian Education Act of 1972 was designed to combat the cycle of blank by blank. Which of the following completes the missing parts of the statement?

poverty; issuing financial assistance to local educational agencies

In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the Supreme Court held that

race could be used as one of many factors in considering academic admissions.

Affirmative action programs primarily seek to

remedy the effects of past discrimination.

Which of the following says that the Federal Government may not draw unreasonable distinctions between any classes of people?

the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment

The case of Loving v. Virginia in 1967, which struck down statutes forbidding interracial marriages, is an example of

the Supreme Court taking a leading role in desegregation.

This photo shows immigrants arriving at Ellis Island in New York. It could be said to illustrate the idea that

the United States is a nation of immigrants.

Read the excerpt from the student text, then answer the question. ". . . that no person may be denied access to or refused service in various 'public accommodations'—hotels, motels, restaurants, theaters, and the like—because of race, color, religion, national origin, or physical disability."—Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title II This section of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed because Congress was able to base it on

the commerce power.

The event illustrated in this photograph is an example of

the impact of political changes brought about by an individual.

"Does segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race, even though the physical facilities and other 'tangible' factors may be equal, deprive the children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities? We believe that it does. . . . To separate them from others of similar age and qualifications solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely ever to be undone. . . . Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." —Chief Justice Earl Warren, Brown v. Board of Education Justice Earl Warren's quotation reflects the Supreme Court's belief that

there was no compelling interest in the legal separation of races.

Regarding affirmative action programs, the Supreme Court has held through its decisions that

they must undergo strict scrutiny.

The decision in Reed v. Reed, which held that States may not choose the executor of an estate based solely on gender, was important in that it

was the beginning of a series of decisions that marked a shift in how the Court looks at sex discrimination.

According to the information in the chart, citizenship would be granted to a child

who was part of a group that was collectively naturalized.