Review Question: Psych quiz 1-2

____ psychologists are particularly concerned with issues related to the design of self-driving vehicles. a)Human factors b)Personality c)Forensic d)Industrial

a)Human factors

Which of the following is a drawback of case studies? a)Interviewers may influence participants to give responses that suit their expectations. b)Case studies are not descriptive and hence do not offer substantial information about participants. c)Interviewers are required to disclose personal information about clients. d)Case studies do not collect information about small groups.

a)Interviewers may influence participants to give responses that suit their expectations.

__________ is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. a)Physiology b)Psychology c)Sociology d)Ecology

b)Psychology

Which of the following statements is true of a neural impulse? a)A neural impulse jumps across a synaptic cleft like an electrical spark because of the polarization of chloride ions. b)The process by which a neural impulse travels is electrochemical. c)A neural impulse is carried by efferent neurons and not by afferent neurons. d)The strength of a neural impulse varies from high to low depending on the distance travelled by it.

b)The process by which a neural impulse travels is electrochemical.

True or false: Neurons carry messages from the axon terminals through the axon to the dendrites. a) true b)false

b)false

_______ is credited with establishing the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany. a)Gustav Theodor Fechner b)Sigmund Freud c)Wilhelm Wundt d)William James

c)Wilhelm Wundt

Nicotine, alcohol, and many other drugs are pleasurable because they heighten levels of _______. a)acetylcholine b)norepinephrine c)dopamine d)amphetamine

c)dopamine

Erica is part of a research group that is studying a group of software executives. She is trying to determine the relationship between workplace stress and cancer. As part of the same study, she also advises her subjects on ways to counter workplace stress. Erica is most likely a _________. a)forensic psychologist b)personality psychologist c)health psychologist d)human factors psychologists

c)health psychologist__________ allows psychologists and other scientists to observe behavior where it happens, or "in the field."

Which of the following statements is true of neurotransmitters? a)Neurotransmitters have identical chemical structures that can fit into any receptor site. b)"Loose" neurotransmitters are held by synapses before being released into the synaptic fluid. c)Once released by the synaptic vesicles, all the molecules of a neurotransmitter find their way into receptor sites. d) "Loose" neurotransmitters are either broken down or reabsorbed by the axon terminal.

d) "Loose" neurotransmitters are either broken down or reabsorbed by the axon terminal.

__________ intensifies most emotions and is central to the experience of fear and anxiety. a)Prolactin b)Thyroxin c)Vasopressin d)Epinephrine

d)Epinephrine

True or false: Sacs called synaptic vesicles in the axon terminals contain neurotransmitters. a) true b)false

a)true

The brain and the spinal cord make up the _______, which controls and commands bodily functions. a)peripheral nervous system b)somatic nervous system c)central nervous system d)autonomic nervous system

c)central nervous system

A(n) _______ expresses the strength and direction (positive or negative) of the relationship between two variables. a)non-varying constant b)independent variable c)correlation coefficient d)dependent variable

c)correlation coefficient

When a neural impulse reaches the axon terminal of a neuron, the vesicles release varying amounts of neurotransmitters into the _____________. a)myelin sheath b)dendrite c)synaptic cleft d)nucleus

c)synaptic cleft

True or false: As opposed to a dependent variable, and independent variable is manipulated by the experimenters so that its effects may be determined

True

True or false: Psychology seeks to describe, explain, predict and control behavior and mental processes.

True

True or false: Psychoanalysis is the name of the theory of personality developed by Sigmund

True

____ is the founder of Behaviorism. a) William James b)Sigmund Freud c)John B. Watson d)Wilhelm Wundt

John B. Watson

The hearing or auditory area of the cortex lies in the _______ lobe along the lateral fissure of the cerebral cortex. a)frontal b)parietal c)temporal d)occipital

c)temporal

The _______ is the branch of the autonomic nervous system that is most active during when you are scared. a)somatic division b)parasympathetic division c)central nervous system d)sympathetic division

d)sympathetic division.

__________ form a fatty substance called myelin. a)Glial cells b)Neurotransmitters c)Red blood cells d)White blood cells

a)Glial cells

True or false: The neural impulses that travel along a neuron are purely chemical in nature. a) true b)false

b)false

True or false: The two main divisions of the central nervous system are the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. a) true b)false

b)false

When you are training a pet, you are most likely relying on which of the following psychological perspectives? a)Functionalist b)Cognitive c)Behaviorist d)Biological

c)Behaviorist

__________ allows psychologists and other scientists to observe behavior where it happens, or "in the field." a)Experimental observation b)Controlled observation c)Naturalistic observation d) Introspective observation

c)Naturalistic observation

The __________ is an oblong area of the hindbrain involved in regulation of heartbeat, blood pressure, movement, and respiration. a)medulla b)pons c)cerebrum d)thalamus

a)medulla

One of the advantages of __ is that by distributing questionnaires and analyzing answers with a computer, psychologist can study many thousands of people at a time. a)surveys b)case studies c)interviews d)simulation techniques

a)surveys

Which of the following statements highlights the relationship between dopamine and schizophrenia? a)Underutilization of dopamine by the brain is connected with hallucinations and disturbances of thoughts and emotions. b)People with schizophrenia may have more receptor sites for dopamine in an area of the brain that is involved in emotional responding. c)Dopamine fails to produce any pleasurable effects that heighten the sensory experience of a patient suffering from schizophrenia. d)Schizophrenia manifests as a result of an imbalance in dopamine levels between two adjoining neurons with conflicting electrical charges.

b)People with schizophrenia may have more receptor sites for dopamine in an area of the brain that is involved in emotional responding.

The _______ perspective works on the assumption that thoughts, fantasies, and dreams—and the inborn or instinctive behavior patterns of various species—are made possible by the nervous system and especially by the brain. a) cognitive b)biological c)humanistic-existential d)psychodynamic

b)biological

The electroencephalograph is a method of: a)brain imaging that passes a narrow X-ray beam through the head and measures the structures that reflect the beams from various angles. b)detecting brain waves by means of measuring the current between electrodes placed on the scalp. c)using the Karvonen technique to monitor abnormal heartbeats in a person. d)detecting heartbeats by means of measuring the current between electrodes placed in one's hands.

b)detecting brain waves by means of measuring the current between electrodes placed on the scalp.

Shana is a young girl who was in a bus accident a few years ago. Since her accident, Shana is only able to remember people she had met before the accident and instances from her childhood. However, she is unable to remember people she met recently or events that are currently happening in her life. She reads the same newspaper for several days without realizing that she has read it before. The accident has made Shana unable permanently store new information because she sustained an injury to her _______. a)reticular formation b)hippocampus c)cerebral cortex d)corpus callosum

b)hippocampus

Which of the following is a typical characteristic of biologically- oriented psychologists? a)They believe that self-awareness, experience, and choice permit us to invent ourselves and our ways of relating to the world as we progress through life. b)They study the influences of ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status on behavior and mental processes. c)They investigate the ways we perceive and mentally represent the world, remember the past, plan for the future, solve problems, form judgments, make decisions, and use language. d)They study the role of heredity in behavior and mental processes such as psychological disorders, criminal behavior, and thinking.

d)They study the role of heredity in behavior and mental processes such as psychological disorders, criminal behavior, and thinking.

A number of people with severe cases of epilepsy have split-brain operations in which much of __________ is severed. a)the corpus callosum b)the reticular formation c)the somatosensory cortex d)Wernicke's area

a)the corpus callosum

True or false: Correlations allow us to determine causality.

False

True or false: In a study conducted to test the effect of a medicine, one group of participants is given the medicine while another group is not. The latter would be considered an experimental group.

False

True or false: structuralists emphasized the tendency to organize perceptions into wholes and to integrate separate stimuli into meaningful patterns

False

Which of the following statements is true of the scientific method? a)The scientific method is a strict set of guidelines that psychologists must adhere to when conducting research on human behavior. b)The scientific method of research begins by testing a hypothesis. c)Psychologists using the scientific method of research always confuse correlations—or associations—between research findings with cause and effect. d)Psychologists are guided by principles of critical thinking as they try to draw conclusions from research evidence collected through the scientific method.

d)Psychologists are guided by principles of critical thinking as they try to draw conclusions from research evidence collected through the scientific method.

Every time a neuron fires, it transmits an impulse of the same strength. This occurrence is known as the __________. a)refraction effect b)polarization effect c)resting potential d)all-or-none principle

d)all-or-none principle

A neuron has a(n) _______ that extends like a trunk from the cell body. a)synapse b)nucleus c)dendrite d)axon

d)axon

A hypothesis is a: a)frustrating state of existence. b)statement about something you are interested in. c)formal definition of an independent variable. d)statement about behavior or mental processes that is testable through research.

d)statement about behavior or mental processes that is testable through research.