Review Sheet: The Language of Anatomy

Correctly identify each of the body planes by writing the appropriate term on the answer line below the drawing.

(a) Frontal (coronal) plane (b) Median (midsagittal) plane (c) Transverse plane

For the body cavities listed, name one organ located in each cavity.

1. cranial cavity Brain 2. vertebral cavity Spinal Cord 3. thoracic cavity Lungs 4. abdominal cavity Liver 5. pelvic cavity Bladder 6. mediastinum Heart

Name the abdominopelvic region where each of the listed organs is located.

1. spleen Left hypochondriac region 2. urinary bladder Pubic (hypogastric) region 3. stomach (largest portion) Epigastric region 4. cecum Right inguinal (iliac) region

Name the body region that blood is usually drawn from.

Antecubital.

Describe completely the standard human anatomical position.

The human body is erect, with the feet sides with palms facing forward.

Which body cavity would be opened to perfom a hysterectomy?

The pelvic cavity.

Which serous membrane(s) is/are found in the abdominopelvic cavity?

The peritoneum serosa.

Which smaller body cavity would be opened to perform a total knee joint replacement?

The synovial cavity.

Explain how serous membranes protect organs from infection.

These membrane produce a thin lubricating fluid that allows the visceral organs to slide over one another or to rub against the body wall with minimal friction and compartmentalize the various organs to prevent infection in one organ from spreading to others.

Define plane.

When the section is made through the body wall or through an organ, it is made along an imaginary surface or line.

Using the key choices, identify the small body cavities described below. Key: a. middle ear cavity b. nasal cavity c. oral cavity d. orbital cavity e. synovial cavity

d 1. holds the eyes in an anterior-facing position a 2. houses three tiny bones involved in hearing b 3. contained within the nose c 4. contains the tongue e 5. surrounds a joint

Several incomplete statements appear below. Correctly complete each statement by choosing the appropriate anatomical term from the choices. Use each term only once.

1. The thoracic cavity is superior to the abdominopelvic cavity. 2. The trachea (windpipe) is anterior to the vertebral column. 3. The wrist is proximal to the hand. 4. If an incision cuts the heart into left and right parts, a sagittal plane of section was used. 5. The nose is medial to the cheekbones. 6. The thumb is lateral to the ring finger. 7. The vertebral cavity is inferior to the cranial cavity. 8. The knee is distal to the thigh. 9. The plane that separates the head from the neck is the transverse plane. 10. The popliteal region is posterior to the patellar region. 11. The plane that separates the anterior body surface from the posterior body surface is the frontal plane.

Which body cavity provides the least protection to its internal structures?

Abdominal.

Name the muscle that subdivides the ventral body cavity.

Diaphragm.

A patient has been diagnosed with appendicitis. Use anatomical terminology to describe the location of the person's pain. Assume that the pain is referred to the surface of the body above the organ.

Right inguinal (iliac) region.

An abdominal hernia results when weakened muscles allow the protrusion of abdominal structures. In the case of an umbilical hernia, parts of a serous membrane and the small intestine form the bulge. Which serous membrane is involved?

The peritoneum serosa.

Which serous membrane(s) is/are found in the thoracic cavity?

The pleura and pericardium serosa.