Roc Bio Keystone Review

Some characteristics of life are shared by all organisms on Earth. Select two observations from the list and explain how each observation provides evidence to support a specific characteristic of life. 1. A rabbit is eating grass. 2. A robin is resting on a nest of blue eggs. 3. A turtle resting on a rock moves into the pond water. 4. A bee transfers pollen between flowers as it collects nectar

1.The rabbit is eating grass to obtain energy 2. Living organisms reproduce, and the robin reproduces by laying eggs 3.Living organisms maintain homeostasis, and the turtle moves into the water to maintain an efficient body temperature 4. The bee is collecting nectar for energy OR Living organisms reproduce, and the flowers use pollen for reproduction

Which statement best explains how organisms accomplish passing on traits to their offspring? A. Traits are acquired when parents care for their offspring. B. Offspring inherit traits when DNA is replicated during mitosis. C. Traits are inherited by the transfer of genetic material from parent to offspring. D. Offspring acquire traits when cells become specialized for certain functions

C. Traits are inherited by the transfer of genetic material from parent to offspring.

Energy pyramids describe food and energy relationships within an ecosystem. (the picture was literally a blank triangle with lines inside) Which factor most likely limits the number of levels an energy pyramid can have? A. biomass of the top-level organisms B. predation by the top-level organisms C. energy loss between each level of organisms D. chemical energy being decomposed at each level of organisms

C. energy loss between each level of organisms

Identify the maximum number of bonds one carbon atom can form.

Four

Some scientists include the ability to adapt and evolve as a characteristic of life. Explain why the student would not likely make an observation at the park that would provide evidence to support this as a characteristic of life.

The process of evolving generally takes a long time and is carried out by a group of organisms over many generations, so this could not be observed during one park visit

Which statement best describes a direct role of ATP in a paramecium? (look up pic for help) A. ATP provides the energy to move cilia. B. ATP stores the genetic code for replication. C. ATP signals the presence of other nearby organisms. D. ATP senses changes in the surrounding aquatic environment.

A. ATP provides the energy to move cilia.

Which statement best describes how organisms use DNA and amino acids to synthesize a protein? A. DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is translated by the ribosome to produce an amino acid chain. B. DNA is translated into mRNA, which is transcribed by the ribosome to produce an amino acid chain. C. Amino acids are transcribed into mRNA, which is translated in the nucleus to produce a molecule of DNA. D. Amino acids are translated into mRNA, which is transcribed in the nucleus to produce a molecule of DNA.

A. DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is translated by the ribosome to produce an amino acid chain.

How does a mitochondrion facilitate the movement of some materials between cells? A. It supplies the energy needed for moving molecules through membranes. B. It manufactures the proteins needed to form channels in cell membranes. C. It supplies digestive substances that break large molecules into smaller units. D. It produces fibers that attach to molecules and move them through the cytoplasm.

A. It supplies the energy needed for moving molecules through membranes.

A student looking through a microscope records observations about a cell. • chromatin has condensed into visible chromosomes • nuclear envelope has disappeared • nucleolus is no longer visible Which stage of the cell cycle has the student described? A. prophase B. anaphase C. interphase D. telophase

A. prophase

Two closely related shrimp species have habitats and niches that partially overlap. Which factor most likely caused the divergence of the shrimp into separate species? A. reproductive isolation B. reduction of food supply C. a series of rapid mutations D. large initial population size

A. reproductive isolation

Which property of water is most responsible for plants being able to transport water from their roots to their leaves? A. the attraction between molecules B. a capacity to dissolve many substances C. the ability to form a low-density crystalline structure when frozen D. a capacity to absorb large amounts of energy as temperature increases

A. the attraction between molecules

Which process best describes the assembly of proteins from amino acids? A. Atoms are linked to form a compound. B. Monomers are linked to form a polymer. C. Atoms are added to a monomer until it becomes a polymer. D. Molecules are added to a compound until it becomes a monomer.

B. Monomers are linked to form a polymer.

Each cell in the human body contains thousands of different enzymes responsible for regulating reactions within the cell. Which statement explains why a single enzyme is unable to regulate a variety of reactions? A. The binding of a product and an enzyme is specific. B. The binding of a substrate and an enzyme is specific. C. The enzyme is consumed by the products of the reactions. D. The enzyme is consumed by the substrates of the reactions.

B. The binding of a substrate and an enzyme is specific.

Which statement best compares a carbohydrate and a nucleic acid? A. The sequence of monomers in a carbohydrate stores genetic information, and the bonds in a nucleic acid store energy. B. The bonds in a carbohydrate store energy, and the sequence of nucleotides in a nucleic acid stores genetic information. C. A carbohydrate has a unique structure to assist diffusion across a plasma membrane, and a nucleic acid has a unique structure to assist chemical reactions. D. A carbohydrate has a unique structure to assist chemical reactions, and a nucleic acid has a unique structure to assist diffusion across a plasma membrane.

B. The bonds in a carbohydrate store energy, and the sequence of nucleotides in a nucleic acid stores genetic information.

Which statement best describes a function of the proteins embedded in the plasma membrane of cells? A. They provide instructions for the processes in the cell. B. They selectively allow certain particles into and out of the cell. C. They attract charges in the cell's environment to give the cell a net charge. D. They store the energy required by the rest of the membrane to perform its functions.

B. They selectively allow certain particles into and out of the cell

Lungs and capillaries both have porous linings that allow certain substances to move into or out of the structures. Which function do these porous linings most likely serve in living organisms? A. heat release B. gas exchange C. carbohydrate absorption D. osmotic pressure regulation

B. gas exchange

. Which sequence best orders ecological categories from the one with the fewest number of individuals to the one with the greatest number of individuals? A. ecosystem, population, community, biome B. population, community, ecosystem, biome C. biome, population, community, ecosystem D. community, biome, population, ecosystem

B. population, community, ecosystem, biome

Which of the following is essential to proper functioning of all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms? A. O2 B. CO2 C. ATP D. NaCl

C. ATP

Original: AUG-GCU-UGU Which mutation would most likely affect the organism's phenotype? (look up a codon chart) A. AUG-GCC-UGU B. AUG-GCG-UGU C. AUG-GCU-UGA D. AUG-GCU-UGC

C. AUG-GCU-UGA

Carbon is often considered the backbone of biological macromolecules. However, hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe. Explain why the backbone of large macromolecules is made of carbon atoms rather than hydrogen atoms.

Carbon atoms have four valence electrons and can therefore make four bonds. Hydrogen atoms have only one valence electron and therefore can make only one bond. In order to make a chain or backbone, each atom must be able to make multiple bonds, not just one.

Describe how electrons are involved in the formation of biological macromolecules

Covalent bonds are formed when electrons are shared between a pair of atoms, and biological macromolecules are formed using covalent bonds. ALSO/OR Electrons are constantly moving around atoms and this results in transient charges at various locations on a molecule. The brief attraction between opposite transient charges helps proteins to keep their proper shape (Ionic bonds)

During a cell division cycle, chromosome segments from two homologous chromosomes exchange places. Which result is most likely to occur following this cycle? A. Genetic material will be lost. B. The number of chromosomes will increase. C. The total number of genes in the cell will decrease. D. A change in gene location will occur on both chromosomes

D. A change in gene location will occur on both chromosomes

The element carbon has multiple bonding patterns. Which bonding pattern cannot be formed by carbon? A. C—C B. C—C—C C. C∙C∙C D. C≡C≡C

D. C≡C≡C

Before cellular division, the cell must duplicate its DNA so that daughter cells will contain complete copies of the DNA. Which characteristic of DNA makes it most suitable as a molecule for this role? A. DNA is located in the nucleus. B. DNA is a large macromolecule. C. DNA is made of repeating sugar-phosphate subunits. D. DNA is made of two strands of complementary nucleotides.

D. DNA is made of two strands of complementary nucleotides.

Which statement best compares eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells? A. Eukaryotic cells are smaller than prokaryotic cells. B. Prokaryotic cells are more complex than eukaryotic cells. C. Prokaryotic cells contain a distinct central organelle, and eukaryotic cells do not. D. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, and prokaryotic cells do not.

D. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, and prokaryotic cells do not.

Orchids living in tropical rainforests often grow on the branches of trees to access sunlight. The trees are not affected by the orchids. Which term best classifies the relationship between the orchids and the trees? A. predation B. parasitism C. competition D. commensalism

D. commensalism