s2 neural tissue worksheet

To contact a Schwann cell, where would a microprobe have to be inserted in the nervous system?

along any axon in the PNS, myelinated or not

Interneurons ________.

are responsible for the analysis of sensory inputs and the coordination of motor outputs, are located entirely within the brain and spinal cord, can be classified as excitatory or inhibitory on the basis of their effects on the postsynaptic membranes of other neurons, outnumber all other neurons combined

what is the sequence of events at a synapse?

arrival of nerve impulse at terminal bouton in the presynaptic cell, neurotransmitter release/diffusion, binding of neurotransmitter to receptors, generation of action potential in the postsynaptic cell membrane, removal of neurotransmitter molecules from receptors

If the CNS were susceptible to a drug that should not affect it, this might indicate damage to which of the following cells?

astrocytes

The area in a multipolar neuron that connects the cell body to the initial segment of the axon is called the ________.

axon hillock

Movement of nutrients, waste products, and organelles between the cell body and the synaptic terminals is a process called ________.

axoplasmic transport

In electrical synapses, nerve impulse transmission occurs between cells of the CNS and PNS without any delay due to ________.

communicating junctions that permit the passage of ions between the cells

The cell body usually has several branching ________, which are specialized to respond to specific stimuli in the extracellular environment.

dendrites

When sensory neurons bring information into the CNS that is subsequently distributed to neuronal pools throughout the spinal cord and brain, the type of processing is known as ________.

divergence

The ________ division of the PNS sends motor information to muscles and glands.

efferent

Nonvesicular synapses, also termed ________, are found between neurons in both the CNS and the PNS.

electrical synapses

The nervous system and the ________ system share important structural and functional characteristics, such as relying upon some form of chemical communication with targeted tissues and organs.

endocrine

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by ________.

ependymal cells

Which neuroglia produce cerebrospinal fluid?

ependymal cells

The effects of a neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic membrane include ________________ or ______________ responses

excitatory, inhibitory

The process of reverberation involves ________.

extension of collateral axons back toward the source of an impulse and further stimulation of the presynaptic neurons

Pathways that connect the CNS with effectors include ________.

motor/descending/efferent pathways

If the point of an extremely small probe were passed into a satellite cell, it would be located in which region of the nervous system?

near a cell body in a ganglion of the PNS

The surface of the brain is called the ________.

neural cortex

both neuromuscular and neuroglandular synapses are examples of __________________

neuroeffector synapses

Bundles of neurofilaments, called ________, are cytoskeletal elements that extend into the dendrites and the axon.

neurofibrils

Areas of a myelinated axon that are not covered by myelin are called ________.

nodes

The type of synapse that allows the most direct communication between cells, and therefore the fastest communication, is the ________ synapse.

nonvesicular synapse

Collections of neuron cell bodies in the interior of the CNS form larger groups called ________.

nuclei

When a stimulus is applied to the axon, it produces a temporary change in the ________ of the axolemma in a localized area of the axon.

permeability

Axons connecting the ganglion cells with the peripheral effectors are called ________ fibers.

postganglionic

________ monitor the position and movement of skeletal muscles and joints.

proprioceptors

Oligodendrocytes ________.

provide structural framework and myelinate the central nervous system (CNS) axons

Neurotransmitters are ______________________ in the presynaptic membrane.

stored in synaptic vesicles

To transmit a nerve impulse in vesicular synapses, the neurotransmitter diffuses across the ________ and binds to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane.

synaptic cleft

Areas of the nervous system that are dominated by myelinated axons are referred to as ________.

white matter

Neuroglia in the nervous system function to ________.

act as phagocytes

The neuromuscular synapse is a vesicular synapse that releases the neurotransmitter ________.

acetylcholine

exteroceptors are most involved with ________

somatic sensory neurons

Glial cells are roughly ________ times the number of neurons.

5

dendrites

A

nucleus

A

schwann cell

A

axon

B

axon hillock

B

neurolemma

C

axons

D

internode

D

synapse

D

________ is the ability of a plasmalemma to respond to an adequate stimulus.

Excitability

myelin

F

nodes

F

nucleus

F

axon

G

dendrite

G

oligodendrocyte

H

microglial cell

K

axon

L

synaptic vesicles

M

neurolemma

N

synaptic cleft

O

myelin sheath

P

postsynaptic membrane

P

During neural regeneration in the PNS as the neuron continues to recover, its axon grows into the injury site and the ________ wrap around it along its original path.

Schwann cells

Nonvesicular synapses are unique because they have ________.

a communicating junction

A neuronal pool is ________.

a group of interconnected neurons with specific functions

All somatic neuromuscular synapses utilize ________.

acetylcholine

Neuronal pools are defined on the basis of ________.

function rather than on anatomical grounds

In the PNS, the neuron cell bodies are found in clusters called ________.

ganglia

Satellite cells surround the cell bodies of peripheral neurons, which can be found in (the) ________.

ganglia

the neural cortex is ____________ matter

gray

If an axon ________, the impulse will be conducted ________.

has a larger diameter, more rapidly

A neuron might be temporarily unable to transmit an impulse to another neuron or effector if ________.

its supply of neurotransmitters is exhausted

In the process known as Wallerian degeneration ________.

macrophages phagocytize the debris of damaged axons

A biopsy of infected or injured tissue from the CNS will most likely show an elevated number of ________.

microglia

Myelin is (a) ________.

mostly lipid

A type of information processing wherein information is relayed in a stepwise sequence, from one neuron to another or from one neuronal pool to the next, is called ________.

serial processing

Microglia are (the) ________.

smallest neuroglial cell

Receptors may be classified as ________.

somatic and visceral

The structural classification of a neuron is based upon ________.

the number of processes that project from the cell body

Injured neurons can fully recover their functional capabilities if ________.

the oxygen and nutrient supplies are restored within a period of a few minutes

A communicating junction acts to facilitate ________.

the passage of ions between the cells

In the case of somatic neuromuscular neurons, the arrival of a nerve impulse at the terminal bouton immediately triggers ________.

the release of ACh at the presynaptic membrane

Collections of axons in the CNS that have a common origin and destination are called ________.

tracts

axoaxonic, axodendritic, axosomatic, and neuroeffector synapses are all _________________

types of synapses

Involuntary cardiac muscle fibers of the heart are innervated by ________ fibers.

visceral motor fibers