s2 neural tissue worksheet
To contact a Schwann cell, where would a microprobe have to be inserted in the nervous system?
along any axon in the PNS, myelinated or not
Interneurons ________.
are responsible for the analysis of sensory inputs and the coordination of motor outputs, are located entirely within the brain and spinal cord, can be classified as excitatory or inhibitory on the basis of their effects on the postsynaptic membranes of other neurons, outnumber all other neurons combined
what is the sequence of events at a synapse?
arrival of nerve impulse at terminal bouton in the presynaptic cell, neurotransmitter release/diffusion, binding of neurotransmitter to receptors, generation of action potential in the postsynaptic cell membrane, removal of neurotransmitter molecules from receptors
If the CNS were susceptible to a drug that should not affect it, this might indicate damage to which of the following cells?
astrocytes
The area in a multipolar neuron that connects the cell body to the initial segment of the axon is called the ________.
axon hillock
Movement of nutrients, waste products, and organelles between the cell body and the synaptic terminals is a process called ________.
axoplasmic transport
In electrical synapses, nerve impulse transmission occurs between cells of the CNS and PNS without any delay due to ________.
communicating junctions that permit the passage of ions between the cells
The cell body usually has several branching ________, which are specialized to respond to specific stimuli in the extracellular environment.
dendrites
When sensory neurons bring information into the CNS that is subsequently distributed to neuronal pools throughout the spinal cord and brain, the type of processing is known as ________.
divergence
The ________ division of the PNS sends motor information to muscles and glands.
efferent
Nonvesicular synapses, also termed ________, are found between neurons in both the CNS and the PNS.
electrical synapses
The nervous system and the ________ system share important structural and functional characteristics, such as relying upon some form of chemical communication with targeted tissues and organs.
endocrine
Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by ________.
ependymal cells
Which neuroglia produce cerebrospinal fluid?
ependymal cells
The effects of a neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic membrane include ________________ or ______________ responses
excitatory, inhibitory
The process of reverberation involves ________.
extension of collateral axons back toward the source of an impulse and further stimulation of the presynaptic neurons
Pathways that connect the CNS with effectors include ________.
motor/descending/efferent pathways
If the point of an extremely small probe were passed into a satellite cell, it would be located in which region of the nervous system?
near a cell body in a ganglion of the PNS
The surface of the brain is called the ________.
neural cortex
both neuromuscular and neuroglandular synapses are examples of __________________
neuroeffector synapses
Bundles of neurofilaments, called ________, are cytoskeletal elements that extend into the dendrites and the axon.
neurofibrils
Areas of a myelinated axon that are not covered by myelin are called ________.
nodes
The type of synapse that allows the most direct communication between cells, and therefore the fastest communication, is the ________ synapse.
nonvesicular synapse
Collections of neuron cell bodies in the interior of the CNS form larger groups called ________.
nuclei
When a stimulus is applied to the axon, it produces a temporary change in the ________ of the axolemma in a localized area of the axon.
permeability
Axons connecting the ganglion cells with the peripheral effectors are called ________ fibers.
postganglionic
________ monitor the position and movement of skeletal muscles and joints.
proprioceptors
Oligodendrocytes ________.
provide structural framework and myelinate the central nervous system (CNS) axons
Neurotransmitters are ______________________ in the presynaptic membrane.
stored in synaptic vesicles
To transmit a nerve impulse in vesicular synapses, the neurotransmitter diffuses across the ________ and binds to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane.
synaptic cleft
Areas of the nervous system that are dominated by myelinated axons are referred to as ________.
white matter
Neuroglia in the nervous system function to ________.
act as phagocytes
The neuromuscular synapse is a vesicular synapse that releases the neurotransmitter ________.
acetylcholine
exteroceptors are most involved with ________
somatic sensory neurons
Glial cells are roughly ________ times the number of neurons.
5
dendrites
A
nucleus
A
schwann cell
A
axon
B
axon hillock
B
neurolemma
C
axons
D
internode
D
synapse
D
________ is the ability of a plasmalemma to respond to an adequate stimulus.
Excitability
myelin
F
nodes
F
nucleus
F
axon
G
dendrite
G
oligodendrocyte
H
microglial cell
K
axon
L
synaptic vesicles
M
neurolemma
N
synaptic cleft
O
myelin sheath
P
postsynaptic membrane
P
During neural regeneration in the PNS as the neuron continues to recover, its axon grows into the injury site and the ________ wrap around it along its original path.
Schwann cells
Nonvesicular synapses are unique because they have ________.
a communicating junction
A neuronal pool is ________.
a group of interconnected neurons with specific functions
All somatic neuromuscular synapses utilize ________.
acetylcholine
Neuronal pools are defined on the basis of ________.
function rather than on anatomical grounds
In the PNS, the neuron cell bodies are found in clusters called ________.
ganglia
Satellite cells surround the cell bodies of peripheral neurons, which can be found in (the) ________.
ganglia
the neural cortex is ____________ matter
gray
If an axon ________, the impulse will be conducted ________.
has a larger diameter, more rapidly
A neuron might be temporarily unable to transmit an impulse to another neuron or effector if ________.
its supply of neurotransmitters is exhausted
In the process known as Wallerian degeneration ________.
macrophages phagocytize the debris of damaged axons
A biopsy of infected or injured tissue from the CNS will most likely show an elevated number of ________.
microglia
Myelin is (a) ________.
mostly lipid
A type of information processing wherein information is relayed in a stepwise sequence, from one neuron to another or from one neuronal pool to the next, is called ________.
serial processing
Microglia are (the) ________.
smallest neuroglial cell
Receptors may be classified as ________.
somatic and visceral
The structural classification of a neuron is based upon ________.
the number of processes that project from the cell body
Injured neurons can fully recover their functional capabilities if ________.
the oxygen and nutrient supplies are restored within a period of a few minutes
A communicating junction acts to facilitate ________.
the passage of ions between the cells
In the case of somatic neuromuscular neurons, the arrival of a nerve impulse at the terminal bouton immediately triggers ________.
the release of ACh at the presynaptic membrane
Collections of axons in the CNS that have a common origin and destination are called ________.
tracts
axoaxonic, axodendritic, axosomatic, and neuroeffector synapses are all _________________
types of synapses
Involuntary cardiac muscle fibers of the heart are innervated by ________ fibers.
visceral motor fibers
