SAS 3

input variable format /;

a relative line pointer control form

input #n variable informat;

absolute line pointer control form

by statement in the data step

allows SAS to process data in groups

concatenation operator !! or ||

another way to join character strings, put this between the two you want to join

numeric missing value

automatic char-to-num conversion returns this when the character value doesn't conform to standard numeric notation

input @starting-position variable informat; or input +positions variable informat;

forms for reading data using formatted input form

input function

function that returns the value produced when the source is read with a specified format

find function

function that searches a target string for a specified string, returns the starting position of the first occurrences if that string is found

trimn

function that's like trim but returns a null string if there are zero blanks while trim returns blank

scan function

function used to extract words from a character value when the relative order of words is known but their starting positions are not

input and put

functions to explicitly convert data

substr function on the right side of an expression

gives a variable the value of specified characters extracted from a specific string

single trailing @

holds a raw data record in the input buffer, pointer position doesn't change, no new record is read into the buffer, next input statement continues to read the same one

best12. and right aligned with leading blanks

how the character value is written with an automatic number-to-character conversion

rename the variable, name the old variable with an input statement of the new variable, drop the new variable

how to create a new variable with the same name just a different type

use multiple input statements

how to load multiple lines of record into an observation

relative line pointer control

in an input statement, moves the pointer relative to the line on which it is currently positioned

absolute line pointer control

in an input statement, moves the pointer to a specific line in a group of lines

percentw.d

informat that divides the number by 100 if it is followed by a percent sign

sum statement

initializes the variable to zero, automatically retains it, increases the value of the variable by an expression for each observation, ignores missing values

input ... @;

input form when there are mixed record types

of

keyword that must be used in a variable list

_all_, _numeric_, _character_

names of special SAS name lists

subsetting If statement that says Last.By-variable is true

only writes total accumulated amount to the output

I, case-insensitive search, or T, search ignores trailing blanks

possible values of modifiers in character functions

retain statement

prevents SAS from reinitializing the values of new variables at the top of the data step

retain variable <initial-value>;

retain statement form

length function

returns the length of a non-blank character string, excluding trailing blanks

propcase function

returns the string with all the first letters of each word capitalzied

_character_, sum~of _character_~

special SAS name list that specifies all character variables that are already defined in the current data step

_numeric_, sum~of _numeric_~

special SAS name list that specifies all numeric variables that are already defined in the current data step

_all_, sum~of _all_~

special SAS name list that specifies all variables that are already defined in the current data step

formatted input

standard and nonstandard data in fixed columns

list input

standard and nonstandard data separated by blanks or some other delimiter

column input

standard data in fixed columns

named input

standard data that is preceded by the name of the variable and an equal sign

variable + expression;

sum statement form

catq function

function that concatenates character or numeric values by using a delimiter to separate items and by adding quotation marks to strings that contain the delimiter

cat function

function that does not remove leading or trailing blanks from the arguments before concatenating them

compress function

function that removes characters listed in the chars argument from the source

cats function

function that removes leading and trailing arguments from the blanks before concatenating them

catx function

function that removes leading and trailing blanks, inserts delimiters, and returns a concatenated character string

catt function

function that removes trailing blanks from the arguments before concatenating them

tranwrd function

function that replaces or removes all occurrences of a given word (or a pattern of characters) within a character string, doesn't remove trailing blanks

round function

function that returns a value rounded to the nearest multiple of rounding unit

floor function

function that returns the greatest integer less than or equal to to the argument

int function

function that returns the integer portion of the argument

ceil function

function that returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to the argument

put function

function that returns the value produced when source is written with format

NewVar = string1 !! string2;

form of concatenation operator being used

position = find~string, substring<, modifiers, startpos>~;

form of find function

NumVar = input~source, informat~;

form of input function

NewVar = length~argument~;

form of length function

NewVar = propcase~string<, delimiter(s)>~;

form of propcase function, all delimiters must be included if any are

CharVar = put~source, format~;

form of put function

set dataSet~rename=~oldName=newName~~;

form of rename= option

NewVar = round~argument<, rounding-unit>~;

form of round function

NewVar = scan~string, <->n<, delimiter(s)>~;

form of scan function

NewVar = substr~string, start<,length>~;

form of substr function on the right side of an expression

lowcase~string~

form of the function that converts all letters in an argument to lowercase

upcase~string~

form of the function that converts all letters in an argument to uppercase

left~string~

form of the function that left-aligns a character expression

strip~string~

form of the function that removes all leading and trailing blanks from a character string

compbl~string~

form of the function that removes multiple blanks from a character string by translating each occurrence of two or more consecutive blanks into a single blank

@n, +n, +(-n)

column pointer controls for reading data using formatted input

trim~string~

form of the function that removes trailing blanks from a character string

char~string, position~

form of the function that returns a single character from a specified position in a character string

right~string~

form of the function that right-aligns a character expression

NewVar = tranwrd~source, target, replacement~;

form of tranwrd function

cmiss

descriptive statistics function that returns the count of missing character or numeric functions

nmiss

descriptive statistics function that returns the count of missing numeric arguments

n

descriptive statistics function that returns the count of nonmissing arguments

sum, mean, min, max, n, nmiss, cmiss

descriptive statistics functions

sum, mean, min, max

descriptive statistics functions that ignore missing values in their arguments

less than 0

for what values do the ceil and int functions return the same values

greater than or equal to 0

for what values do the floor and int functions return the same values

NewVar = cat~string-1, ... , string-n~;

form of cat function

NewVar = catq~modifiers, <delimiter,> string-1, ... , string-n~;

form of catq function

NewVar = cats~string-1, ... , string-n~;

form of cats function

NewVar = catt~string-1, ... , string-n~;

form of catt function

NewVar = catx~separator, string-1, ... , string-n~;

form of catx function

NewVar = ceil~argument~; and NewVar = floor~argument~; and NewVar = int~argument~;

form of ceil function and floor function and int function

NewVar = compress~source<, chars>~;

form of compress function

First.By-variable and Last.By-variable

two temporary variables created by a by statement in the data step

line pointer control

used in input statements to control when SAS loads a new record

substr function on the left side of an expression

used to replace characters of a string

startpos

value in character functions that specifies where the search should start and in what direction

numbered range list, sum~of x1-xn~

variable list that specifies all variables from x1 to xn inclusive, numbers must be consecutive

name range list, sum~of x--a~, sum~of x-numeric-a~, sum~of x-character-a~

variable list that specifies all variables ordered as they are in the PDV from x to a, inclusive, specifies all numeric variables, specifies all character variables

name prefix list, sum~of REV:~

variable list that specifies all variables that begin with REV

0

what First.By-variable equals if it's not the first of a group and what Last.By-variable equals if it's not the last of a group (false)

1

what First.By-variable equals if it's the first of a group and what Last.By-variable equals if it's the last of a group (true)

blanks

what does compress function remove from the source if no chars are listed

null string

what does strip function return if the argument is blank

nth word of a string

what does the scan function return

remainder of the string

what does the substring consist of when length is omitted in the substr function on the right side of an expression

use sum function with retain statement

what to do to create an accumulating variable that involves missing values

use length function nested in substr function

what to do when you want to extract characters of different positions among observations

sorted by the by variable

when using a by statement in the data step, the data set in the set statement must be _______

as soon as all the variables needed to evaluate the condition are assigned values

where is the most efficient place to put a subsetting IF statement