SAT Practice Test #1 - Reading & Writing

"To You" is an 1856 poem by Walt Whitman. In the poem, Whitman suggests that readers, whom he addresses directly, have not fully understood themselves, writing, _______ Which quotation from "To You" most effectively illustrates the claim? A) "You have not known what you are, you have slumber'd upon yourself / all your life, / Your eyelids have been the same as closed most of the time." B) "These immense meadows, these interminable rivers, you are immense / and interminable as they." C) "I should have made my way straight to you long ago, / I should have blabb'd nothing but you, I should have chanted nothing / but you." D) "I will leave all and come and make the hymns of you, / None has understood you, but I understand you."

A) "You have not known what you are, you have slumber'd upon yourself / all your life, / Your eyelids have been the same as closed most of the time."

The parasitic dodder plant increases its reproductive success by flowering at the same time as the host plant it has latched onto. In 2020, Jianqiang Wu and his colleagues determined that the tiny dodder achieves this _______ with its host by absorbing and utilizing a protein the host produces when it is about to flower. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A) synchronization B) hibernation C) prediction D) moderation

A) Synchronization

In 2007, computer scientist Luis von Ahn was working on converting printed books into a digital format. He found that some words were distorted enough that digital scanners couldn't recognize them, but most humans could easily read them. Based on that finding, von Ahn invented a simple security test to keep automated "bots" out of websites. The first version of the reCAPTCHA test asked users to type one known word and one of the many words scanners couldn't recognize. Correct answers proved the users were humans and added data to the book-digitizing project. Which choice best states the main purpose of the text? A) To discuss von Ahn's invention of reCAPTCHA B) To explain how digital scanners work C) To call attention to von Ahn's book-digitizing project D) To indicate how popular reCAPTCHA is

A) To discuss von Ahn's invention of reCAPTCHA

Former astronaut Ellen Ochoa says that although she doesn't have a definite idea of when it might happen, she _______ that humans will someday need to be able to live in other environments than those found on Earth. This conjecture informs her interest in future research missions to the moon. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A) demands B) speculates C) doubts D) establishes

B) Speculates

Beginning in the 1950s, Navajo Nation legislator Annie Dodge Wauneka continuously worked to promote public health; this _______ effort involved traveling throughout the vast Navajo homeland and writing a medical dictionary for speakers of Diné bizaad, the Navajo language. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A) impartial B) offhand C) persistent D) mandatory

C) Persistent

Researchers Helena Mihaljević-Brandt, Lucía Santamaría, and Marco Tullney report that while mathematicians may have traditionally worked alone, evidence points to a shift in the opposite direction. _______ mathematicians are choosing to collaborate with their peers—a trend illustrated by a rise in the number of mathematics publications credited to multiple authors. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A) Similarly, B) For this reason, C) Furthermore, D) Increasingly,

D) Increasingly,

In his 1963 exhibition Exposition of Music—Electronic Television, Korean American artist Nam June Paik showed how television images could be manipulated to express an artist's perspective. Today, Paik _______ considered the first video artist. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A) will be B) had been C) was D) is

D) is

Scholarly discussions of gender in Shakespeare's comedies often celebrate the rebellion of the playwright's characters against the rigid expectations _______ by Elizabethan society. Most of the comedies end in marriage, with characters returning to their socially dictated gender roles after previously defying them, but there are some notable exceptions. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A) interjected B) committed C) illustrated D) prescribed

D) prescribed

Seminole/Muscogee director Sterlin Harjo _______ television's tendency to situate Native characters in the distant past: this rejection is evident in his series Reservation Dogs, which revolves around teenagers who dress in contemporary styles and whose dialogue is laced with current slang. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A) repudiates B) proclaims C) foretells D) recants

A) Repudiates

The classic children's board game Chutes and Ladders is a version of an ancient Nepalese game, Paramapada Sopanapata. In both games, players encounter "good" or "bad" spaces while traveling along a path; landing on one of the good spaces _______ a player to skip ahead and arrive closer to the end goal. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A) allows B) are allowing C) have allowed D) allow

A) allows

Which choice best describes data from the table that support the researchers' claim? A) Among the five languages in the table, Thai and Hungarian have the lowest rates of speech and the lowest rates of information conveyed. B) Vietnamese conveys information at approximately the same rate as Spanish despite being spoken at a slower rate. C) Among the five languages in the table, the language that is spoken the fastest is also the language that conveys information the fastest. D) Serbian and Spanish are spoken at approximately the same rate, but Serbian conveys information faster than Spanish does.

B) Vietnamese conveys information at approximately the same rate as Spanish despite being spoken at a slower rate.

O Pioneers! is a 1913 novel by Willa Cather. In the novel, Cather portrays Alexandra Bergson as having a deep emotional connection to her natural surroundings: _______ Which quotation from O Pioneers! most effectively illustrates the claim?

A) "She had never known before how much the country meant to her. The chirping of the insects down in the long grass had been like the sweetest music. She had felt as if her heart were hiding down there, somewhere, with the quail and the plover and all the little wild things that crooned or buzzed in the sun. Under the long shaggy ridges, she felt the future stirring."

Over the past two hundred years, the percentage of the population employed in the agricultural sector has declined in both France and the United States, while employment in the service sector (which includes jobs in retail, consulting, real estate, etc.) has risen. However, this transition happened at very different rates in the two countries. This can be seen most clearly by comparing the employment by sector in both countries in _______ Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the statement? A) 1900 with the employment by sector in 1950. B) 1800 with the employment by sector in 2012. C) 1900 with the employment by sector in 2012. D) 1800 with the employment by sector in 1900.

A) 1900 with the employment by sector in 1950

Born in 1891 to a Quechua-speaking family in the Andes Mountains of Peru, Martín Chambi is today considered to be one of the most renowned figures of Latin American photography. In a paper for an art history class, a student claims that Chambi's photographs have considerable ethnographic value—in his work, Chambi was able to capture diverse elements of Peruvian society, representing his subjects with both dignity and authenticity. Which finding, if true, would most directly support the student's claim? A) Chambi took many commissioned portraits of wealthy Peruvians, but he also produced hundreds of images carefully documenting the peoples, sites, and customs of Indigenous communities of the Andes. B) Chambi's photographs demonstrate a high level of technical skill, as seen in his strategic use of illumination to create dramatic light and shadow contrasts. CANT WRITE MORE - "too many characters"

A) Chambi took many commissioned portraits of wealthy Peruvians, but he also produced hundreds of images carefully documenting the peoples, sites, and customs of Indigenous communities of the Andes.

In 1453, English King Henry VI became unfit to rule after falling gravely ill. As a result, Parliament appointed Richard, Third Duke of York, who had a strong claim to the English throne, to rule as Lord Protector. Upon recovering two years later, _______ forcing an angered Richard from the royal court and precipitating a series of battles later known as the Wars of the Roses. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A) Henry resumed his reign, B) the reign of Henry resumed, C) Henry's reign resumed, D) it was Henry who resumed his reign,

A) Henry resumed his reign,

Which finding from the researchers' study, if true, would most strongly support their claim? A) Participants who had been looking at the trees helped the experimenter pick up significantly more pens than did participants who had been looking at the building. B) Participants who helped the experimenter pick up the pens used a greater number of positive words to describe the trees and the building in a postexperiment survey than did participants who did not help the experimenter. C) Participants who did not help the experimenter pick up the pens were significantly more likely to report having experienced a feeling of awe, regardless of whether they looked at the building or the trees. D) Participants who had been looking at the building were significantly more likely to notice that the experimenter had dropped the pens than were participants who had been looking at the trees.

A) Participants who had been looking at the trees helped the experimenter pick up significantly more pens than did participants who had been looking at the building.

In November 1934, Amrita Sher-Gil was living in what must have seemed like the ideal city for a young artist: Paris. She was studying firsthand the color-saturated style of France's modernist masters and beginning to make a name for herself as a painter. _______ Sher-Gil longed to return to her childhood home of India; only there, she believed, could her art truly flourish. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A) Still, B) Therefore, C) Indeed, D) Furthermore,

A) Still,

I went on with my day's business tranquilly; but ever and anon vague suggestions kept wandering across my brain of reasons why I should quit Thornfield; and I kept involuntarily framing advertisements and pondering conjectures about new situations: these thoughts I did not think to check; they might germinate and bear fruit if they could. Which choice best states the main purpose of the text? A) To convey a contrast between Jane's outward calmness and internal restlessness B) To emphasize Jane's loyalty to the people she works for at Thornfield Hall C) To demonstrate that Jane finds her situation both challenging and deeply fulfilling D) To describe Jane's determination to secure employment outside of Thornfield Hall

A) To convey a contrast between Jane's outward calmness and internal restlessness

The following text is from Maggie Pogue Johnson's 1910 poem "Poet of Our Race." In this poem, the speaker is addressing Paul Laurence Dunbar, a Black author. Thou, with stroke of mighty pen, Hast told of joy and mirth, And read the hearts and souls of men As cradled from their birth. The language of the flowers, Thou hast read them all, And e'en the little brook Responded to thy call. Which choice best states the main purpose of the text? A) To praise a certain writer for being especially perceptive regarding people and nature B) To establish that a certain writer has read extensively about a variety of topics C) To call attention to a certain writer's careful and elaborately detailed writing process D) To recount fond memories of an afternoon spent in nature with a certain writer

A) To praise a certain writer for being especially perceptive regarding people and nature

In 1943, in the midst of World War II, mathematics professor Grace Hopper was recruited by the US military to help the war effort by solving complex equations. Hopper's subsequent career would involve more than just _______ as a pioneering computer programmer, Hopper would help usher in the digital age. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A) equations, though: B) equations, though, C) equations. Though, D) equations though

A) equations, though:

Researchers studying magnetosensation have determined why some soil-dwelling roundworms in the Southern Hemisphere move in the opposite direction of Earth's magnetic field when searching for _______ in the Northern Hemisphere, the magnetic field points down, into the ground, but in the Southern Hemisphere, it points up, toward the surface and away from worms' food sources. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A) food: B) food, C) food while D) food

A) food:

Researchers have struggled to pinpoint specific causes for hiccups, which happen when a person's diaphragm contracts _______ . However, neuroscientist Kimberley Whitehead has found that these uncontrollable contractions may play an important role in helping infants regulate their breathing. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A) involuntarily B) beneficially C) strenuously D) smoothly

A) involuntarily

Although military veterans make up a small proportion of the total population of the United States, they occupy a significantly higher proportion of the jobs in the civilian government. One possible explanation for this disproportionate representation is that military service familiarizes people with certain organizational structures that are also reflected in the civilian government bureaucracy, and this familiarity thus _______ Which choice most logically completes the text? A) makes civilian government jobs especially appealing to military veterans. B) alters the typical relationship between military service and subsequent career preferences. C) encourages nonveterans applying for civilian government jobs to consider military service instead. D) increases the number of civilian government jobs that require some amount of military experience to perform.

A) makes civilian government jobs especially appealing to military veterans.

In ancient Greece, an Epicurean was a follower of Epicurus, a philosopher whose beliefs revolved around the pursuit of pleasure. Epicurus defined pleasure as "the absence of pain in the body and of trouble in the _______ that all life's virtues derived from this absence. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A) soul," positing B) soul": positing C) soul"; positing D) soul." Positing

A) soul," positing

Public-awareness campaigns about the need to reduce single-use plastics can be successful, says researcher Kim Borg of Monash University in Australia, when these campaigns give consumers a choice: for example, Japan achieved a 40 percent reduction in plastic-bag use after cashiers were instructed to ask customers whether _______ wanted a bag. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A) they B) one C) you D) it

A) they

Given that the conditions in binary star systems should make planetary formation nearly impossible, it's not surprising that the existence of planets in such systems has lacked _______ explanation. Roman Rafikov and Kedron Silsbee shed light on the subject when they used modeling to determine a complex set of factors that could support planets' development. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A) a discernible B) a straightforward C) an inconclusive D) an unbiased

B) A Straightforward

Based on the texts, what would the author of Text 2 most likely say about Text 1's characterization of the discovery involving EGR? A) It is reasonable given that Srivastava and her team have identified how EGR functions in both humans and panther worms. B) It is overly optimistic given additional observations from Srivastava and her team. C) It is unexpected given that Srivastava and her team's findings were generally met with enthusiasm. D) It is unfairly dismissive given the progress that Srivastava and her team have reported.

B) It is overly optimistic given additional observations from Srivastava and her team

Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal? A) The term "flauna," used by Los Angeles-based painter Jon Ching, is a combination of the words "flora" and "fauna." B) Jon Ching uses the term "flauna," a combination of the words "flora" and "fauna," to describe the subjects of his surreal paintings: plant-animal hybrids such as a parrot with leaves for feathers. C) Jon Ching, who created Nectar, refers to the subjects of his paintings as "flauna." D) The subjects of Nectar and Primaveral are types of "flauna," a term that the paintings' creator, Jon Ching, uses when describing his surreal artworks.

B) Jon Ching uses the term "flauna," a combination of the words "flora" and "fauna," to describe the subjects of his surreal paintings: plant-animal hybrids such as a parrot with leaves for feathers.

Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal? A) Some of the world's rail tunnels, including one tunnel that extends from Folkestone, England, to Coquelles, France, are longer than 30 miles. B) The Seikan Tunnel is roughly 33 miles long, while the slightly shorter Channel Tunnel is about 31 miles long. C) The Seikan Tunnel, which is roughly 33 miles long, connects the Japanese islands of Honshu and Hokkaido. D) Both the Seikan Tunnel, which is located in Japan, and the Channel Tunnel, which is located in Europe, are examples of rail tunnels.

B) The Seikan Tunnel is roughly 33 miles long, while the slightly shorter Channel Tunnel is about 31 miles long.

Herbivorous sauropod dinosaurs could grow more than 100 feet long and weigh up to 80 tons, and some researchers have attributed the evolution of sauropods to such massive sizes to increased plant production resulting from high levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide during the Mesozoic era. However, there is no evidence of significant spikes in carbon dioxide levels coinciding with relevant periods in sauropod evolution, such as when the first large sauropods appeared, when several sauropod lineages underwent further evolution toward gigantism, or when sauropods reached their maximum known sizes, suggesting that _______ Which choice most logically completes the text? CANT WRITE MORE - "too many characters"

B) The evolution of larger body sizes in sauropods did not depend on increased atmospheric carbon dioxide

In 1637, the price of tulips skyrocketed in Amsterdam, with single bulbs of rare varieties selling for up to the equivalent of $200,000 in today's US dollars. Some historians _______ that this "tulip mania" was the first historical instance of an asset bubble, which occurs when investors drive prices to highs not supported by actual demand. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A) claiming B) claim C) having claimed D) to claim

B) claim

In order to prevent nonnative fish species from moving freely between the Mediterranean and Red Seas, marine biologist Bella Galil has proposed that a saline lock system be installed along the Suez Canal in Egypt's Great Bitter Lakes. The lock would increase the salinity of the lakes and _______ a natural barrier of water most marine creatures would be unable to cross. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A) creates B) create C) creating D) created

B) create

In documents called judicial opinions, judges explain the reasoning behind their legal rulings, and in those explanations they sometimes cite and discuss historical and contemporary philosophers. Legal scholar and philosopher .. argues that while judges are naturally inclined to mention philosophers whose views align with their own positions, the strongest judicial opinions consider and rebut potential objections; discussing philosophers whose views conflict with judges' views could therefore _______ Which choice most logically completes the text? A) allow judges to craft judicial opinions without needing to consult philosophical works. B) help judges improve the arguments they put forward in their judicial opinions. C) make judicial opinions more comprehensible to readers without legal or philosophical training. D) bring judicial opinions in line with views that are broadly held among philosophers.

B) help judges improve the arguments they put forward in their judicial opinions

In studying the use of external stimuli to reduce the itching sensation caused by an allergic histamine response, Louise Ward and colleagues found that while harmless applications of vibration or warming can provide a temporary distraction, such _______ stimuli actually offer less relief than a stimulus that seems less benign, like a mild electric shock. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A) deceptive B) innocuous C) novel D) impractical

B) innocuous (Def: mild or unharmful)

For painter Jacob Lawrence, being _______ was an important part of the artistic process. Because he paid close attention to all the details of his Harlem neighborhood, Lawrence's artwork captured nuances in the beauty and vitality of the Black experience during the Harlem Renaissance and the Great Migration. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A) skeptical B) observant C) critical D) confident

B) observant

The Alvarez theory, developed in 1980 by physicist Luis Walter Alvarez and his geologist son Walter Alvarez, maintained that the secondary effects of an asteroid impact caused many dinosaurs and other animals to die _______ it left unexplored the question of whether unrelated volcanic activity might have also contributed to the mass extinctions. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A) out but B) out, but C) out D) out,

B) out, but

Scientists believe that, unlike most other species of barnacle, turtle barnacles (Chelonibia testudinari) can dissolve the cement-like secretions they use to attach _______ to a sea turtle shell, enabling the barnacles to move short distances across the shell's surface. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A) it B) themselves C) them D) itself

B) themselves

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: The student wants to compare the two women's contributions to the March on Washington. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal? A) Hedgeman and Bates contributed to the march in different ways; Bates, for example, delivered a brief but memorable address. B) Hedgeman worked in politics and helped organize the march, while Bates was a journalist and school desegregation advocate. C) Although Hedgeman worked behind the scenes to make sure a woman speaker was included, Bates was the sole woman to speak at the march. D) Many African American women, including Bates and Hedgeman, fought for civil rights, but only one spoke at the march.

C) Although Hedgeman worked behind the scenes to make sure a woman speaker was included, Bates was the sole woman to speak at the march.

Some researchers studying Indigenous actors and filmmakers in the United States have turned their attention to the early days of cinema, particularly the 1910s and 1920s, when people like James Young Deer, Dark Cloud, Edwin Carewe, and Lillian St. Cyr, were involved in numerous films. In fact, so many films and associated records for this era have been lost that counts of those four figures' output should be taken as bare minimums rather than totals; it's entirely possible, for example, that ___ Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the example? A) Dark Cloud acted in fewer films than did Lillian St. Cyr, who is credited with 66 performances. B) Edwin Carewe's 47 credited acting roles includes only films made after 1934. C) Lillian St. Cyr acted in far more than 66 films and Edwin Carewe directed more than 58. D) James Young Deer actually directed 33 films and acted in only 10.

C) Lillian St. Cyr acted in far more than 66 films and Edwin Carewe directed more than 58

Mother did not spend all her time in paying dull [visits] to dull ladies, and sitting dully at home waiting for dull ladies to pay [visits] to her. She was almost always there, ready to play with the children, and read to them, and help them to do their home-lessons. Besides this she used to write stories for them while they were at school, and read them aloud after tea, and she always made up funny pieces of poetry for their birthdays and for other great occasions. According to the text, what is true about Mother? A) She wishes that more ladies would visit her. B) Birthdays are her favorite special occasion. C) She creates stories and poems for her children. D) Reading to her children is her favorite activity.

C) She creates stories and poems for her children

Before California's 1911 election to approve a proposition granting women the right to vote, activists across the state sold tea to promote the cause of suffrage. In San Francisco, the Woman's Suffrage Party sold Equality Tea at local fairs. _______ in Los Angeles, activist Nancy Tuttle Craig, who ran one of California's largest grocery store firms, distributed Votes for Women Tea. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A) For example, B) To conclude, C) Similarly, D) In other words,

C) Similarly,

In the mountains of Brazil, Barbacenia tomentosa and Barbacenia macrantha—two plants in the Velloziaceae family—establish themselves on soilless, nutrient-poor patches of quartzite rock. Plant ecologists Anna Abrahão and Patricia de Britto Costa used microscopic analysis to determine that the roots of B. tomentosa and B. macrantha, which grow directly into the quartzite, have clusters of fine hairs near the root tip; further analysis indicated that these hairs secrete both malic and citric acids. The researchers hypothesize that the plants depend on dissolving underlying rock with these acids, as the process not only creates channels for continued growth but also releases phosphates that provide the vital nutrient phosphorus. Which finding, if true, would most directly support the researchers' hypothesis? CANT WRITE MORE - "too many characters"

C) The roots of B. tomentosa and B. macrantha carve new entry points into rocks even when cracks in the surface are readily available.

British scientists James Watson and Francis Crick won the Nobel Prize in part for their 1953 paper announcing the double helix structure of DNA, but it is misleading to say that Watson and Crick discovered the double helix. _______ findings were based on a famous X-ray image of DNA fibers, "Photo 51," developed by X-ray crystallographer Rosalind Franklin and her graduate student Raymond Gosling. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A) They're B) It's C) Their D) Its

C) Their

A study by a team including finance professor Madhu Veeraraghavan suggests that exposure to sunshine during the workday can lead to overly optimistic behavior. Using data spanning from 1994 to 2010 for a set of US companies, the team compared over 29,000 annual earnings forecasts to the actual earnings later reported by those companies. The team found that the greater the exposure to sunshine at work in the two weeks before a manager submitted an earnings forecast, the more the manager's forecast exceeded what the company actually earned that year. Which choice best states the function of the underlined sentence in the overall structure of the text? A) To summarize the results of the team's analysis B) To present a specific example that illustrates the study's findings C) To explain part of the methodology used in the team's study D) To call out a challenge the team faced in conducting its analysis

C) To explain part of the methodology used in the team's study

The first computerized spreadsheet, Dan Bricklin's VisiCalc, improved financial recordkeeping not only by providing users with an easy means of adjusting data in spreadsheets but also by automatically updating all calculations that were dependent on these _______ to VisiCalc's release, changing a paper spreadsheet often required redoing the entire sheet by hand, a process that could take days. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A) adjustments prior B) adjustments, prior C) adjustments. Prior D) adjustments and prior

C) adjustments. Prior

Stomata, tiny pore structures in a leaf that absorb gases needed for plant growth, open when guard cells surrounding each pore swell with water. In a pivotal 2007 article, plant cell _______ showed that lipid molecules called phosphatidylinositol phosphates are responsible for signaling guard cells to open stomata. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A) biologist, Yuree Lee B) biologist Yuree Lee, C) biologist Yuree Lee D) biologist, Yuree Lee,

C) biologist Yuree Lee

At two weeks old, the time their critical socialization period begins, wolves can smell but cannot yet see or hear. Domesticated dogs, _______ can see, hear, and smell by the end of two weeks. This relative lack of sensory input may help explain why wolves behave so differently around humans than dogs do: from a very young age, wolves are more wary and less exploratory. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A) in other words, B) for instance, C) by contrast, D) accordingly,

C) by contrast,

In 1937, Chinese American screen actor Anna May Wong, who had portrayed numerous villains and secondary characters but never a heroine, finally got a starring role in Paramount Pictures' Daughter of Shanghai, a film that _______ "expanded the range of possibilities for Asian images on screen." Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A) critic, Stina Chyn, claims B) critic, Stina Chyn, claims, C) critic Stina Chyn claims D) critic Stina Chyn, claims,

C) critic Stina Chyn claims

In winter, the diets of Japanese macaques, also known as snow monkeys, are influenced more by food availability than by food preference. Although the monkeys prefer to eat vegetation and land-dwelling invertebrates, those food sources may become unavailable because of extensive snow and ice cover, _______ the monkeys to hunt for marine animals in any streams that have not frozen over. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A) forces B) to force C) forcing D) forced

C) forcing

When writing The Other Black Girl (2021), novelist Zakiya Dalila Harris drew on her own experiences working at a publishing office. The award-winning book is Harris's first novel, but her writing _______ honored before. At the age of twelve, she entered a contest to have a story published in American Girl magazine—and won. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A) were B) have been C) has been D) are

C) has been

Small, flat structures called spatulae are found at the tips of the hairs on a spider's leg. These spatulae temporarily bond with the atoms of whatever they touch. _______ spiders are able to cling to and climb almost any surface. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A) For instance, B) However, C) Similarly, D) As a result,

D) As a result,

Following the principles of community-based participatory research, tribal nations and research institutions are equal partners in health studies conducted on reservations. A collaboration between the Crow Tribe and Montana State University _______ this model: tribal citizens worked alongside scientists to design the methodology and continue to assist in data collection. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A) circumvents B) eclipses C) fabricates D) exemplifies

D) Exemplifies

Alicia Montesinos-Navarro, Isabelle Storer, and Rocío Perez-Barrales recently examined several plots within a diverse plant community in southeast Spain. The researchers calculated that if individual plants were randomly distributed on this particular landscape, only about 15% would be with other plants in patches of vegetation. They counted the number of juvenile plants of five species growing in patches of vegetation and the number growing alone on bare ground and compared those numbers to what would be expected if the plants were randomly distributed. Based on these results, they claim that plants of these species that grow in close proximity to other plants gain an advantage at an early developmental stage. Which choice best describes data from the table that support the researchers' claim? CANT WRITE MORE - "too many characters"

D) For each species, the percentage of juvenile plants growing in patches of vegetation was substantially higher than what would be expected if plants were randomly distributed.

Based on the text, how does the Lord Chancellor respond to the crowd? A) He asks about the meaning of the crowd's shouting, even though he claims to know what the crowd wants. B) He indicates a desire to speak to the crowd, even though the crowd has asked to speak to the Sub-Warden. C) He expresses sympathy for the crowd's demands, even though the crowd's shouting annoys him. D) He describes the crowd as being united, even though the crowd clearly appears otherwise.

D) He describes the crowd as being united, even though the crowd clearly appears otherwise.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: The student wants to present the study and its findings. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal? A) In 2021, Chinsamy-Turan studied pterosaur jawbones and was initially unsure if the bones belonged to juveniles or adults. B) Pterosaur jawbones located in the Sahara Desert were the focus of a 2021 study. C) In a 2021 study, Chinsamy-Turan used advanced microscope techniques to analyze the jawbones of pterosaurs, flying reptiles that existed millions of years ago. D) In a 2021 study, Chinsamy-Turan determined that pterosaur jawbones located in the Sahara Desert had few growth lines relative to the bones of fully grown pterosaurs and thus belonged to juveniles.

D) In a 2021 study, Chinsamy-Turan determined that pterosaur jawbones located in the Sahara Desert had few growth lines relative to the bones of fully grown pterosaurs and thus belonged to juveniles.

Lily had no real intimacy with nature, but she had a passion for the appropriate and could be keenly sensitive to a scene which was the fitting background of her own sensations. The landscape outspread below her seemed an enlargement of her present mood, and she found something of herself in its calmness, its breadth, its long free reaches. On the nearer slopes the sugar-maples wavered like pyres of light; lower down was a massing of grey orchards, and here and there the lingering green of an oak-grove. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole? A) It creates a detailed image of the physical setting of the scene. B) It establishes that a character is experiencing an internal conflict. C) It makes an assertion that the next sentence then expands on. D) It illustrates an idea that is introduced in the previous sentence.

D) It illustrates an idea that is introduced in the previous sentence.

The province of Xoconochco was situated on the Pacific coast, hundreds of kilometers southeast of Tenochtitlan, the capital of the Aztec Empire. Because Xoconochco's location within the empire was so _______ , cacao and other trade goods produced there could reach the capital only after a long overland journey. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A) unobtrusive B) concealed C) approximate D) peripheral

D) Peripheral

Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal? A) Taylor fled to St. Simons Island, which was then occupied by the Union army, for whom she began working. B) After escaping slavery, Taylor began working for an all-Black army regiment as a nurse and teacher. C) The book Taylor wrote about the time she spent with the regiment is still available to readers in print and online. D) Taylor was the only Black woman to publish a Civil War memoir.

D) Taylor was the only Black woman to publish a Civil War memoir

The following text is adapted from William Shakespeare's 1609 poem "Sonnet 27." The poem is addressed to a close friend as if he were physically present. Weary with toil, I [hurry] to my bed, The dear repose for limbs with travel tired; But then begins a journey in my head To work my mind, when body's work's expired: For then my thoughts—from far where I abide— [Begin] a zealous pilgrimage to thee, And keep my drooping eyelids open wide, What is the main idea of the text? A) The speaker is asleep and dreaming about traveling to see the friend. B) The speaker is planning an upcoming trip to the friend's house. C) The speaker is too fatigued to continue a discussion with the friend. D) The speaker is thinking about the friend instead of immediately falling asleep.

D) The speaker is thinking about the friend instead of immediately falling asleep.

Which choice most logically completes the text? A) individual male tanagers can engage in honest signaling without relying on carotenoid consumption. B) feather microstructures may be less effective than

D) a male tanager's appearance may function as a dishonest signal of the individual's overall fitness.

Mônica Lopes-Ferreira and others at Brazil's Butantan Institute are studying the freshwater stingray species Potamotrygon rex to determine whether biological characteristics such as the rays' age and sex have _______ effect on the toxicity of their venom—that is, to see if differences in these traits are associated with considerable variations in venom potency. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A) a disconcerting B) an acceptable C) an imperceptible D) a substantial

D) a substantial

Despite being cheap, versatile, and easy to produce, _______ they are made from nonrenewable petroleum, and most do not biodegrade in landfills. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A) there are two problems associated with commercial plastics: B) two problems are associated with commercial plastics: C) commercial plastics' two associated problems are that D) commercial plastics have two associated problems:

D) commercial plastics have two associated problems:

Lucía Michel of the University of Chile observed that alkaline soils contain an insoluble form of iron that blueberry plants cannot absorb, thus inhibiting blueberry growth. If these plants were grown in alkaline soil alongside grasses that aid in iron solubilization, _______ Michel was determined to find out. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A) could the blueberries thrive. B) the blueberries could thrive. C) the blueberries could thrive? D) could the blueberries thrive?

D) could the blueberries thrive?

Although novels and poems are considered distinct literary forms, many authors have created hybrid works that incorporate elements of both. Bernardine Evaristo's The Emperor's Babe, _______ is a verse novel, a book-length narrative complete with characters and a plot but conveyed in short, crisp lines of poetry rather than prose. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A) by contrast, B) consequently, C) secondly, D) for example,

D) for example,

Critics have asserted that fine art and fashion rarely _______ in a world where artists create timeless works for exhibition and designers periodically produce new styles for the public to buy. Luiseño/ Shoshone-Bannock beadwork artist and designer Jamie Okuma challenges this view: her work can be seen in the Metropolitan Museum of Art and purchased through her online boutique. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A) prevail B) succumb C) diverge D) intersect

D) intersect