SB 16.3 - 16.4A FINAL EXAM
Which are true of the olfactory hairs?
- They are unmyelinated - They are immobile
Which causes conjunctivitis?
-infectious agents -irritants
Gustatory cells have a ______ lifespan.
7-10 day
What disorder is caused by unequal curvatures of the lens and cornea?
Astigmatism
Olfactory glands are also known as ______ glands.
Bowman
Axons of olfactory cells form fascicles of cranial nerve number ______.
CN 1
Which cranial nerve innervates the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
CN IX
Gustatory information travels through which cranial nerves?
CN IX CN VII
True or false: Astigmatism is also called farsightedness.
False
Which are true of conjunctiva?
It is vascular. It does not cover the cornea. It contains goblet cells.
True or false: Macular degeneration is the leading cause of blindness in developed countries.
TRUE
True or false: The primary purpose of the eyebrows is to keep sweat out of the eyes.
TRUE
True or false: Unlike other sensory information, olfactory pathways do not project to the thalamus.
TRUE
Light rays are refracted or bent when they pass through two media of different ______.
densities
Which is an accessory structure of the eye?
eyebrow
Palpebrae are more commonly called ______.
eyelids
The external layer of the eyeball is the ______ tunic.
fibrous
The outmost layer of the eye is called the ______ tunic.
fibrous
The short and spiky papillae that are on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue are ______ papillae.
filiform
The lens is ______ when we are viewing faraway objects.
flattened
What disease causes fluid build up in the eye, dislocating the lens?
glaucoma
Which may result in symptoms such as reduced field of vision, dim vision, and/or halos around lights?
glaucoma
What type of cell is found between the photoreceptors and bipolar cells?
horizontal cells
Where are photoreceptors located?
in the neural layer of the retina
The segment of the photoreceptors that connects directly to the cell body is the _______ segment.
inner
Gustatory sensations travel to the ______ of the brain.
insula
The retina is the ______ layer of the eye wall.
internal
The lacrimal apparatus produces, collects, and drains fluid.
lacrimal
Where are tears created?
lacrimal apparatus
Cataracts are a disorder of the
lens
Presbyopia occurs when the ______ loses elasticity.
lens
The palpebral conjunctiva ______.
lines the internal surface of the eyelids
Lacrimal fluid prevents bacterial infection because it contains an antibacterial enzyme called .
lysozyme
Macular degeneration occurs when the ______ degenerates.
macula lutea
The lacrimal caruncle is on the ______ side of the eye.
medial
A detached retina is more likely to occur if a person is ______.
nearsighted
Gustatory cells within the taste buds are a specialized type of epithelial cells called ______ cells.
neuroepithelial
Olfactory basal cells replace ______.
olfactory cells
Olfactory hairs house receptor proteins for detecting ______ specific odorant molecule(s).
one
A lack of photoreceptors in this structure creates the "blind spot"?
optic disc
Aqueous humor is secreted into the chamber before traveling to the chamber of the eye.
posterior, anterior
An aging person would need to start wearing reading glasses if they suffer from ______.
presbyopia
As tears drain through the lacrimal caruncle, they enter small holes called the lacrimal
puncta
The iris controls the size of the ______.
pupil
Most of the eye is ______ the orbit of the skull.
receded into
LIght rays are ________ when they pass through the lens and the cornea.
refracted
Accommodation is the process of making the lens ______.
rounded
What structure is the "white" of the eye?
sclera
Which part of the eye is an attachment site for extrinsic eye muscles?
sclera
What type of fluid is found in the anterior cavity of the eyeball?
sclera cornea
Tarsal glands are ______.
sebaceous glands
In hyperopia, the eyeball is too _______ and in myopia, the eyeball is too _____
short, long
Olfaction is the sense of ______.
smell
Taste buds are found on the tongue and ______.
soft palate
Which taste is usually associated with acids in ingested materials.
sour
The vascular tunic of the eye is also called the ______.
uvea
What type of papillae is largest and least numerous?
vallate
Which are the types of papillae?
vallate foliate fungiform filiform
The conjunctiva is ______.
vascular
Which layer of the eye contains the blood and lymph vessels?
vascular tunic
In the eye, the ______ humor is gelatinous.
vitreous
The posterior cavity contains the ______ humor.
vitreous
The fovea centralis lies ______ the macula lutea.
within
What color is the macula lutea?
yellow
Refraction of light for vision is greatest as light rays pass from ______ into the ______ because the difference in their refractive index is maximal.
air, cornea
Tarsal glands release ______.
an oily substance
Which cavity of the eyeball is divided into an anterior and posterior chamber?
anterior cavity
What chamber is between the iris and cornea?
anterior chamber
Both the anterior and posterior chambers of the anterior cavity contain humor.
aqueous
The lamina propria is made of ______ tissue.
areolar
Olfactory receptor cells are ______ neurons.
bipolar
Gustatory cells are found in taste ________
buds
What eye disorder causes "milky" vision?
cataracts
Gustatory cells are ______.
chemoreceptors
What is the largest structure of the vascular tunic?
choroid
Which structure of the eye absorbs light to prevent it from scattering within the eye?
choroid
The iris is continuous with the ______.
ciliary body
aqueous humor is secreted by
ciliary processes
Pink eye is also called ______.
conjunctivitis
The sphincter pupillae ______ the pupil.
constricts
A _______ shaped lens is used to treat hyperopia and a _______ shaped lens is used to treat myopia.
convex, concave
The optic disc is associated with ______.
cranial nerve II
The nasolacrimal duct is found on the ______ side of the nose.
lateral
The fat surrounding the eye is called fat.
orbital
The segment of each photoreceptor that is composed of hundreds of discs containing photopigments that are capable of absorbing light energy is the _________ segment.
outer
The eyelids are joined at the medial and lateral ________ commissures or __________ .
palpebral, canthi
Small elevations that can be easily seen on the tongue surface are called ______.
papillae
Accommodation is controlled by the ______ division of the nervous system.
parasympathetic
The sphincter pupillae is controlled by the ______ division of the nervous system.
parasympathetic
Olfactory Receptors _________
perceive odors
Each type of photoreceptor has both an outer segment that extends into the _______ layer of the retina and an inner segment
pigment
Where is the lacrimal gland located?
superior and lateral to the eye
Which are cells found in the olfactory epithelium?
supporting cells basal cells olfactory cells
The dendritic ending of each gustatory cell is formed by a slender gustatory microvillus, also called a ______.
taste hair
A detached retina is caused by a separation between which two layers?
the neural layer of the retina the pigmented layer of the retina
Gustation is the sense of ________
to taste
Neurons in the olfactory bulb travel through the olfactory __________ to the brain.
tract
The cornea is ______.
transparent
Which are the characteristics of the cornea?
transparent and avascular
