SB 16.3 - 16.4A FINAL EXAM

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Which are true of the olfactory hairs?

- They are unmyelinated - They are immobile

Which causes conjunctivitis?

-infectious agents -irritants

Gustatory cells have a ______ lifespan.

7-10 day

What disorder is caused by unequal curvatures of the lens and cornea?

Astigmatism

Olfactory glands are also known as ______ glands.

Bowman

Axons of olfactory cells form fascicles of cranial nerve number ______.

CN 1

Which cranial nerve innervates the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

CN IX

Gustatory information travels through which cranial nerves?

CN IX CN VII

True or false: Astigmatism is also called farsightedness.

False

Which are true of conjunctiva?

It is vascular. It does not cover the cornea. It contains goblet cells.

True or false: Macular degeneration is the leading cause of blindness in developed countries.

TRUE

True or false: The primary purpose of the eyebrows is to keep sweat out of the eyes.

TRUE

True or false: Unlike other sensory information, olfactory pathways do not project to the thalamus.

TRUE

Light rays are refracted or bent when they pass through two media of different ______.

densities

Which is an accessory structure of the eye?

eyebrow

Palpebrae are more commonly called ______.

eyelids

The external layer of the eyeball is the ______ tunic.

fibrous

The outmost layer of the eye is called the ______ tunic.

fibrous

The short and spiky papillae that are on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue are ______ papillae.

filiform

The lens is ______ when we are viewing faraway objects.

flattened

What disease causes fluid build up in the eye, dislocating the lens?

glaucoma

Which may result in symptoms such as reduced field of vision, dim vision, and/or halos around lights?

glaucoma

What type of cell is found between the photoreceptors and bipolar cells?

horizontal cells

Where are photoreceptors located?

in the neural layer of the retina

The segment of the photoreceptors that connects directly to the cell body is the _______ segment.

inner

Gustatory sensations travel to the ______ of the brain.

insula

The retina is the ______ layer of the eye wall.

internal

The lacrimal apparatus produces, collects, and drains fluid.

lacrimal

Where are tears created?

lacrimal apparatus

Cataracts are a disorder of the

lens

Presbyopia occurs when the ______ loses elasticity.

lens

The palpebral conjunctiva ______.

lines the internal surface of the eyelids

Lacrimal fluid prevents bacterial infection because it contains an antibacterial enzyme called .

lysozyme

Macular degeneration occurs when the ______ degenerates.

macula lutea

The lacrimal caruncle is on the ______ side of the eye.

medial

A detached retina is more likely to occur if a person is ______.

nearsighted

Gustatory cells within the taste buds are a specialized type of epithelial cells called ______ cells.

neuroepithelial

Olfactory basal cells replace ______.

olfactory cells

Olfactory hairs house receptor proteins for detecting ______ specific odorant molecule(s).

one

A lack of photoreceptors in this structure creates the "blind spot"?

optic disc

Aqueous humor is secreted into the chamber before traveling to the chamber of the eye.

posterior, anterior

An aging person would need to start wearing reading glasses if they suffer from ______.

presbyopia

As tears drain through the lacrimal caruncle, they enter small holes called the lacrimal

puncta

The iris controls the size of the ______.

pupil

Most of the eye is ______ the orbit of the skull.

receded into

LIght rays are ________ when they pass through the lens and the cornea.

refracted

Accommodation is the process of making the lens ______.

rounded

What structure is the "white" of the eye?

sclera

Which part of the eye is an attachment site for extrinsic eye muscles?

sclera

What type of fluid is found in the anterior cavity of the eyeball?

sclera cornea

Tarsal glands are ______.

sebaceous glands

In hyperopia, the eyeball is too _______ and in myopia, the eyeball is too _____

short, long

Olfaction is the sense of ______.

smell

Taste buds are found on the tongue and ______.

soft palate

Which taste is usually associated with acids in ingested materials.

sour

The vascular tunic of the eye is also called the ______.

uvea

What type of papillae is largest and least numerous?

vallate

Which are the types of papillae?

vallate foliate fungiform filiform

The conjunctiva is ______.

vascular

Which layer of the eye contains the blood and lymph vessels?

vascular tunic

In the eye, the ______ humor is gelatinous.

vitreous

The posterior cavity contains the ______ humor.

vitreous

The fovea centralis lies ______ the macula lutea.

within

What color is the macula lutea?

yellow

Refraction of light for vision is greatest as light rays pass from ______ into the ______ because the difference in their refractive index is maximal.

air, cornea

Tarsal glands release ______.

an oily substance

Which cavity of the eyeball is divided into an anterior and posterior chamber?

anterior cavity

What chamber is between the iris and cornea?

anterior chamber

Both the anterior and posterior chambers of the anterior cavity contain humor.

aqueous

The lamina propria is made of ______ tissue.

areolar

Olfactory receptor cells are ______ neurons.

bipolar

Gustatory cells are found in taste ________

buds

What eye disorder causes "milky" vision?

cataracts

Gustatory cells are ______.

chemoreceptors

What is the largest structure of the vascular tunic?

choroid

Which structure of the eye absorbs light to prevent it from scattering within the eye?

choroid

The iris is continuous with the ______.

ciliary body

aqueous humor is secreted by

ciliary processes

Pink eye is also called ______.

conjunctivitis

The sphincter pupillae ______ the pupil.

constricts

A _______ shaped lens is used to treat hyperopia and a _______ shaped lens is used to treat myopia.

convex, concave

The optic disc is associated with ______.

cranial nerve II

The nasolacrimal duct is found on the ______ side of the nose.

lateral

The fat surrounding the eye is called fat.

orbital

The segment of each photoreceptor that is composed of hundreds of discs containing photopigments that are capable of absorbing light energy is the _________ segment.

outer

The eyelids are joined at the medial and lateral ________ commissures or __________ .

palpebral, canthi

Small elevations that can be easily seen on the tongue surface are called ______.

papillae

Accommodation is controlled by the ______ division of the nervous system.

parasympathetic

The sphincter pupillae is controlled by the ______ division of the nervous system.

parasympathetic

Olfactory Receptors _________

perceive odors

Each type of photoreceptor has both an outer segment that extends into the _______ layer of the retina and an inner segment

pigment

Where is the lacrimal gland located?

superior and lateral to the eye

Which are cells found in the olfactory epithelium?

supporting cells basal cells olfactory cells

The dendritic ending of each gustatory cell is formed by a slender gustatory microvillus, also called a ______.

taste hair

A detached retina is caused by a separation between which two layers?

the neural layer of the retina the pigmented layer of the retina

Gustation is the sense of ________

to taste

Neurons in the olfactory bulb travel through the olfactory __________ to the brain.

tract

The cornea is ______.

transparent

Which are the characteristics of the cornea?

transparent and avascular


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