SB # 7 Ch. 4 Tissues

Indicate the three components of extracellular matrix.

Fluid Ground substance Protein fibers

What nervous tissue cells protect and insulate neurons?

Glia

Which is a characteristic of cartilage?

Has a perichondrium

Match the type of cartilage to its location.

Hyaline: Tip of the nose Elastic: Frame of ear Fibrocartilage: Between vertebrae

Match the components and types of bone with its description.

Hydroxyapatite: Inorganic portion of bone matrix Spongy bone: Contains trabeculae Compact bone: Contains lamella Osteocyte: Bone cell

Cells can be classified based on their ability to regenerate. Match the classification with the definition.

Labile Retain ability to divide throughout life Stable Stop dividing when growth ceases, but retain mitotic ability Permanent Very limited ability to divide; when killed, replaced by different cell type

What are macrophages?

Large phagocytic cells that wander through connective tissue

Indicate functions of connective tissue in the body.

Lends support Attachment of one tissue to another Storage of high-energy molecules and minerals. Transport of nutrients, gases, enzymes and hormones.

What are the characteristics of permanent cells? Select all that apply.

Limited ability to replicate Replaced by other types of cells when killed

Which is a type of fluid connective tissue?

blood

Which structures of the body are composed of nervous tissue?

brain spinal cord

As part of a neuron, branched processes called receive messages from other cells and transmit them to the soma of the neuron.

dendrites

What is the branched process of a neuron called that receives action potentials?

dendrites

The tissue type composed of a layer, or layers, of closely packed cells that cover organ surfaces, line structures, and form glands is tissue.

epithelial

The type of tissue capable of continuous regeneration is ____ tissue.

epithelial

The four primary types of tissue are ____, _______, and nervous tissues.

epithelial, connective, muscle

The tissue type that covers and protects surfaces, both inside and outside the body is called _______ tissue.

epithelium

True or false: Epithelial tissue is highly vascular.

false

True or false: Extracellular matrix includes protein fibers, cytoplasm, and ground substance.

false

True or false: Like cartilage, bone has a very poor blood supply.

false

Fibroblasts produce ______.

fibrous connective tissue

What forms the matrix of blood?

fluid

Within nervous tissue, a variety of cell types that, as a group, are called cells protect and insulate neurons.

glia

The microscopic study of tissues is called

histology

Three types of cartilage are _____.

hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic

A long, unbranched polysaccharide chain found in the ground substance that acts a lubricating agent is called ____ acid.

hyaluronic

The component of ground substance that forms a slippery tissue gel and thus functions as a lubricant is called ______.

hyaluronic acid

Redness, heat, swelling and pain are symptoms that accompany what process?

inflammation

What process produces redness, swelling, heat, and pain in response to an injury?

inflammation

Adipocytes store large amounts of ______.

lipids

Areolar and adipose tissue are two examples of ______.

loose connective tissue

Areolar tissue is a type of _______ connective tissue whereas tendons and ligaments are comprised of _______ regular connective tissue.

loose, dense

Consider the arrangement of collagen fibers within these tissues: Areolar tissue is a type of ______ connective tissue whereas tendons and ligaments are comprised of ______ connective tissue.

loose, dense

Cells found in connective tissue that engulf foreign particles, activate the immune system, and destroy dead or dying cells are called ______.

macrophages

What is a cartilage cell that has become enclosed in the cartilage matrix called?

macrophages

Heparin and histamine are produced by ________ cells beneath membranes in loose connective tissue.

mast

Which type of cells within loose connective tissue secrete heparin and histamine?

mast cells

The noncellular substance around cells is called the extracellular

matrix

The noncellular substance around cells is called the extracellular _____.

matrix

What is the extracellular material of a tissue called?

matrix

A tissue layer that covers a structure or lines a cavity is called a(n) _______.

membrane

List the three major types of tissue membranes.

mucous, synovial, serous

Of the four classes of tissues, the tissue that consists of elongated fibers that are specialized to contract in response to stimulation is ___ tissue.

muscle

Which tissue can exert physical force on other tissues and organs?

muscle

The exertion of force on other tissues and organs is the function of tissue.

muscular

Which tissue comprises the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and ganglia?

nervous

The conducting cells of nervous tissue are called

neurons

What are the conducting cells of nervous tissue?

neurons

Indicate the two cell types found in nervous tissue.

neurons glia

What cell types are found in nervous tissue?

neurons and glia

In regards to the presence of blood vessels, epithelial tissue is ______.

nonvascular

A cell that produces bone is a(n)

osteoblast

An osteoblast becomes surrounded by its own matrix and entrapped in a lacuna creating a mature bone cell called a(n)

osteocyte

What is the term for a mature bone cell?

osteocyte

What are cells called that lose the ability to divide and are replaced by a different cell type if they are killed?

permanent

What is the function of an osteoblast?

produces bone

In _____, the new cells are the same type as those that were destroyed.

regeneration

During tissue repair, the dense irregular connective tissue that forms is called tissue.

scar

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Which muscle tissue is composed of cells which are fusiform, uninucleated, nonstriated and under involuntary control?

smooth

Histology is the study of ______.

tissues

Identify the effects of chemical mediators released during the inflammatory response. Select all that apply.

Dilation of blood vessels Increased capillary permeability

Muscular tissue consists of what type of cells or fibers?

Elongated fibers (cells) that are specialized to contract

What are the functions of macrophages?

Engulf foreign particles Activate the immune system when they encounter antigens Destroy dead or dying self cells

What type of tissue covers body surfaces and lines body cavities?

Epithelial

Indicate the class of tissue that is capable of regeneration, is avascular, and consists of cells that are bound to each other via specialized junctions.

Epithelial tissue

True or False: Cartilage heals slowly because is it very vascular.

False

What connective tissue cell produces fibrous connective tissue?

Fibroblast

What are the signs and symptoms of local inflammation?

Pain Edema or swelling Redness Heat

Name the two processes that result in the repair of injured tissue.

Regeneration and replacement

What are the three major types of tissue membranes?

Serous, mucous, synovial

What is a scar?

A large amount of granulation tissue converted to dense irregular collagenous connective tissue during tissue repair

What is a tissue membrane?

A layer that covers a structure or lines a cavity

What is another term for a fat cell?

Adipocyte

What is a chondroblast?

Cartilage cell that secretes matrix

An aggregation of cells and extracellular materials which performs a discrete function is known as a(n) ______.

Matrix

Correctly pair the membrane type with its correct description.

Mucous membrane Lines cavities and tracts that open to the outside of the body Serous membrane Lines cavities that do not open to the exterior Synovial membrane Lines freely movable joints

Match the membrane type with the correct structural description.

Mucous membrane: Consists of a layer of epithelial cells, a basement membrane and a lamina propria Serous membrane: Consists of a mesothelium, a basement membrane and loose connective tissue Synovial membrane: Consists of only connective tissue

Collections of specialized cells and extra-cellular substances around them are known as a(n)

Tissues

What is the function of the basement membrane?

To guide migration during tissue repair

What is another term for a fat cell?

adipocyte

Match the example cells with the correct classification based on the cell's ability to regenerate.

adult stem cells:labile Endocrine cell:stable Neurons:permanent

List the three types of loose connective tissue.

areolar, reticular, adipose

Each neuron has a single nerve fiber that sends outgoing signals to other cells called a(n)

axon

What part of a neuron sends outgoing signals to other cells?

axon

A specialized layer that serves to anchor an epithelium to the connective tissue below it is called the _______ membrane.

basement

Which muscle tissue is composed of cells which are branched, striated, uninucleated and under involuntary control?

cardiac

The three types of muscle tissue are , , and smooth muscle.

cardiac skeletal

Click and drag on elements in order Place the events of the inflammatory response in order of occurrence.

chemical mediators dilation of capillaries fluid and white blood cells swelling occurs

Within cartilage, cells called ______ secrete cartilage matrix.

chondroblasts

A cartilage cell that has become enclosed in a lacuna in the cartilage matrix is called a(n)

chondrocyte

What are the three types of protein fibers in fibrous connective tissue?

collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and reticular fibers.

Support and binding tissues together are examples of functions for _______ tissue

connective

The class of tissue that consists of cells separated from each other by large amounts of extracellular matrix is called _____ tissue.

connective

What class of tissue is comprised of widely-spaced cells and abundant extracellular material?

connective

Choose the four primary tissue types.

connective tissue, epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue