SB # 7 Ch. 4 Tissues
Indicate the three components of extracellular matrix.
Fluid Ground substance Protein fibers
What nervous tissue cells protect and insulate neurons?
Glia
Which is a characteristic of cartilage?
Has a perichondrium
Match the type of cartilage to its location.
Hyaline: Tip of the nose Elastic: Frame of ear Fibrocartilage: Between vertebrae
Match the components and types of bone with its description.
Hydroxyapatite: Inorganic portion of bone matrix Spongy bone: Contains trabeculae Compact bone: Contains lamella Osteocyte: Bone cell
Cells can be classified based on their ability to regenerate. Match the classification with the definition.
Labile Retain ability to divide throughout life Stable Stop dividing when growth ceases, but retain mitotic ability Permanent Very limited ability to divide; when killed, replaced by different cell type
What are macrophages?
Large phagocytic cells that wander through connective tissue
Indicate functions of connective tissue in the body.
Lends support Attachment of one tissue to another Storage of high-energy molecules and minerals. Transport of nutrients, gases, enzymes and hormones.
What are the characteristics of permanent cells? Select all that apply.
Limited ability to replicate Replaced by other types of cells when killed
Which is a type of fluid connective tissue?
blood
Which structures of the body are composed of nervous tissue?
brain spinal cord
As part of a neuron, branched processes called receive messages from other cells and transmit them to the soma of the neuron.
dendrites
What is the branched process of a neuron called that receives action potentials?
dendrites
The tissue type composed of a layer, or layers, of closely packed cells that cover organ surfaces, line structures, and form glands is tissue.
epithelial
The type of tissue capable of continuous regeneration is ____ tissue.
epithelial
The four primary types of tissue are ____, _______, and nervous tissues.
epithelial, connective, muscle
The tissue type that covers and protects surfaces, both inside and outside the body is called _______ tissue.
epithelium
True or false: Epithelial tissue is highly vascular.
false
True or false: Extracellular matrix includes protein fibers, cytoplasm, and ground substance.
false
True or false: Like cartilage, bone has a very poor blood supply.
false
Fibroblasts produce ______.
fibrous connective tissue
What forms the matrix of blood?
fluid
Within nervous tissue, a variety of cell types that, as a group, are called cells protect and insulate neurons.
glia
The microscopic study of tissues is called
histology
Three types of cartilage are _____.
hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic
A long, unbranched polysaccharide chain found in the ground substance that acts a lubricating agent is called ____ acid.
hyaluronic
The component of ground substance that forms a slippery tissue gel and thus functions as a lubricant is called ______.
hyaluronic acid
Redness, heat, swelling and pain are symptoms that accompany what process?
inflammation
What process produces redness, swelling, heat, and pain in response to an injury?
inflammation
Adipocytes store large amounts of ______.
lipids
Areolar and adipose tissue are two examples of ______.
loose connective tissue
Areolar tissue is a type of _______ connective tissue whereas tendons and ligaments are comprised of _______ regular connective tissue.
loose, dense
Consider the arrangement of collagen fibers within these tissues: Areolar tissue is a type of ______ connective tissue whereas tendons and ligaments are comprised of ______ connective tissue.
loose, dense
Cells found in connective tissue that engulf foreign particles, activate the immune system, and destroy dead or dying cells are called ______.
macrophages
What is a cartilage cell that has become enclosed in the cartilage matrix called?
macrophages
Heparin and histamine are produced by ________ cells beneath membranes in loose connective tissue.
mast
Which type of cells within loose connective tissue secrete heparin and histamine?
mast cells
The noncellular substance around cells is called the extracellular
matrix
The noncellular substance around cells is called the extracellular _____.
matrix
What is the extracellular material of a tissue called?
matrix
A tissue layer that covers a structure or lines a cavity is called a(n) _______.
membrane
List the three major types of tissue membranes.
mucous, synovial, serous
Of the four classes of tissues, the tissue that consists of elongated fibers that are specialized to contract in response to stimulation is ___ tissue.
muscle
Which tissue can exert physical force on other tissues and organs?
muscle
The exertion of force on other tissues and organs is the function of tissue.
muscular
Which tissue comprises the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and ganglia?
nervous
The conducting cells of nervous tissue are called
neurons
What are the conducting cells of nervous tissue?
neurons
Indicate the two cell types found in nervous tissue.
neurons glia
What cell types are found in nervous tissue?
neurons and glia
In regards to the presence of blood vessels, epithelial tissue is ______.
nonvascular
A cell that produces bone is a(n)
osteoblast
An osteoblast becomes surrounded by its own matrix and entrapped in a lacuna creating a mature bone cell called a(n)
osteocyte
What is the term for a mature bone cell?
osteocyte
What are cells called that lose the ability to divide and are replaced by a different cell type if they are killed?
permanent
What is the function of an osteoblast?
produces bone
In _____, the new cells are the same type as those that were destroyed.
regeneration
During tissue repair, the dense irregular connective tissue that forms is called tissue.
scar
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
skeletal, cardiac, smooth
Which muscle tissue is composed of cells which are fusiform, uninucleated, nonstriated and under involuntary control?
smooth
Histology is the study of ______.
tissues
Identify the effects of chemical mediators released during the inflammatory response. Select all that apply.
Dilation of blood vessels Increased capillary permeability
Muscular tissue consists of what type of cells or fibers?
Elongated fibers (cells) that are specialized to contract
What are the functions of macrophages?
Engulf foreign particles Activate the immune system when they encounter antigens Destroy dead or dying self cells
What type of tissue covers body surfaces and lines body cavities?
Epithelial
Indicate the class of tissue that is capable of regeneration, is avascular, and consists of cells that are bound to each other via specialized junctions.
Epithelial tissue
True or False: Cartilage heals slowly because is it very vascular.
False
What connective tissue cell produces fibrous connective tissue?
Fibroblast
What are the signs and symptoms of local inflammation?
Pain Edema or swelling Redness Heat
Name the two processes that result in the repair of injured tissue.
Regeneration and replacement
What are the three major types of tissue membranes?
Serous, mucous, synovial
What is a scar?
A large amount of granulation tissue converted to dense irregular collagenous connective tissue during tissue repair
What is a tissue membrane?
A layer that covers a structure or lines a cavity
What is another term for a fat cell?
Adipocyte
What is a chondroblast?
Cartilage cell that secretes matrix
An aggregation of cells and extracellular materials which performs a discrete function is known as a(n) ______.
Matrix
Correctly pair the membrane type with its correct description.
Mucous membrane Lines cavities and tracts that open to the outside of the body Serous membrane Lines cavities that do not open to the exterior Synovial membrane Lines freely movable joints
Match the membrane type with the correct structural description.
Mucous membrane: Consists of a layer of epithelial cells, a basement membrane and a lamina propria Serous membrane: Consists of a mesothelium, a basement membrane and loose connective tissue Synovial membrane: Consists of only connective tissue
Collections of specialized cells and extra-cellular substances around them are known as a(n)
Tissues
What is the function of the basement membrane?
To guide migration during tissue repair
What is another term for a fat cell?
adipocyte
Match the example cells with the correct classification based on the cell's ability to regenerate.
adult stem cells:labile Endocrine cell:stable Neurons:permanent
List the three types of loose connective tissue.
areolar, reticular, adipose
Each neuron has a single nerve fiber that sends outgoing signals to other cells called a(n)
axon
What part of a neuron sends outgoing signals to other cells?
axon
A specialized layer that serves to anchor an epithelium to the connective tissue below it is called the _______ membrane.
basement
Which muscle tissue is composed of cells which are branched, striated, uninucleated and under involuntary control?
cardiac
The three types of muscle tissue are , , and smooth muscle.
cardiac skeletal
Click and drag on elements in order Place the events of the inflammatory response in order of occurrence.
chemical mediators dilation of capillaries fluid and white blood cells swelling occurs
Within cartilage, cells called ______ secrete cartilage matrix.
chondroblasts
A cartilage cell that has become enclosed in a lacuna in the cartilage matrix is called a(n)
chondrocyte
What are the three types of protein fibers in fibrous connective tissue?
collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and reticular fibers.
Support and binding tissues together are examples of functions for _______ tissue
connective
The class of tissue that consists of cells separated from each other by large amounts of extracellular matrix is called _____ tissue.
connective
What class of tissue is comprised of widely-spaced cells and abundant extracellular material?
connective
Choose the four primary tissue types.
connective tissue, epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue
