SCES 122 FINAL Jadrich

God did it but how: what is a miracle? In the Bible?

- an extraordinary even, produced by God, at a specific time, as a sign of God's activity and purpose in human history - sometimes violates scientific law, sometimes does not - miracles don't have to violate scientific law, but they can, because when God does a miracle, he's doing something different in nature, not against nature

selective breeding

- everything we eat (pretty much) is selectively breed - look at the traits or genes wanted and decide to breed only certain organisms - selectively picking the parents so you get offspring that look like them - mate to get genes that you like and keep mating the ones that are "best"

genetically modified organisms

- taking genes from one species and moving it to another - not natural, you'd have to do this in a lab - example: adding drought resistant gene to a plant

During the last few weeks, we have studied several different ways that an ecosystem can be harmed due to the actions of humans. Name at least two of them.

-human introduction of invasive species (traveling, emptying ballast water, etc.) -human putting excess CO2 into air like in driving cars or even in burning coal

How are mountains made?

2 plates "crash" into each other and the less dense plate goes on top of the more dense plate goes underneath it

What is a biological control?

A method of controlling invasive species involves the use of naturally occurring disease organisms, parasites, or predators to control invasive species

greenhouse gases

Gases in Earth's atmosphere that trap heat near the surface - water vapor - carbon dioxide - methane

According to the photon model for light, what might be different about two different photons? a. They might have different colors. b. They might have different speeds. c. They might have different weights. d. They might have different energies.

a and d

What is a clone?

a clone is a genetically identical "copy" of something

Why might a farmer use a windbreak? How would she make one?

a farmer might use a windbreak in order to protect top soil and plants from erosion. she could easily make one by planting trees or bushes

Many electrical wires are wrapped with a plastic coating because plastic is a. less expensive than metal. b. less dense than metal. c. a good insulator. d. a good conductor.

a good insulator

How have we defined the word species?

a group of individual organisms capable of interbreedsing to produce fertile offspring

M #1 28. a) Describe what would happen to your eyes if you were in a room that was completely dark with no light at all. b) About how long would it take for you to be able to see things if you were in this completely dark room?

a) your eyes would not be able to see anything. your pupils would get bigger to try and absorb more, but if it was completley dar with no light you wouldn't be able to see anything b) you would not be able to see anything. it wouldn't matter how long you were in the room. if it was completley dark with no light, you wouludn't be able to see anything

M #2 7. Which of the following provides food energy for humans? a. Fats b. Minerals c. Vitamins d. Phytochemicals

a. Fats

M #1 14. Which energy chain below best describes the energy transfers taking place when you give a big push to a heavy box and make it slide it across the floor? a. Muscle energy ® kinetic energy ® thermal energy b. Muscle energy ® thermal energy ® kinetic energy ® heat energy c. Muscle energy ® potential energy ® kinetic energy ® thermal energy d. Muscle energy ® kinetic energy ® chemical energy ® thermal energy

a. Muscle energy ® kinetic energy ® thermal energy

M #1 A soccer player lost 4 pounds of weight during a long soccer match. What is the most likely explanation for her weight loss? a. She lost 4 pounds because she was sweating so much. b. She burned up 4 pounds of energy because she was running around. c. She burned up some energy because she was running around, and she also lost some weight from her sweating

a. She lost 4 pounds because she was sweating so much.

M #1 If you see a blue car, then that car is most likely a. reflecting blue photons. b. producing blue photons. c. absorbing blue photons. d. transmitting blue photons.

a. reflecting blue photons.

. If the decomposers were removed from an ecosystem, which of the following would eventually occur? a. Carnivores would have no source of energy. b. Essential elements would not be available to plants. c. Plants would no longer be able to absorb energy from the sun. d. Herbivores would lose their source of energy and nutrients. e. All of these things would eventually occur.

all

M #2 8. Which of the following would affect the rate of photosynthesis in a plant? a. Temperature. b. The color of the light. c. The intensity of the light. d. The availability of carbon dioxide.

all

M #2 9. Which of the following statements about plants are true? a. Plants use oxygen from the air. b. Plants emit (give off) oxygen into the air. c. Plants use carbon dioxide from the air. d. Plants emit (give off) carbon dioxide into the air.

all

M #2 When heavy metal pollutants (like lead and mercury) get into an ecosystem, which things are affected? B. a. Producers b. First level consumers c. Apex predators d. Abiotic elements in the ecosystem

all

Which object listed below would give off photons? a. A human body b. A burning candle c. A microwave oven d. All of these things would give off photons.

all

M #1 What color(s) of photons make up white light?

all color photons, our eyes average the colors and we see white

A group of people were unhappy about a new coal-burning power plant that might be built in their neighborhood. What things should they be concerned about? a. Coal is a limited resource on earth. b. Burning coal produces lots of carbon dioxide. c. Burning coal emits mercury into the environment. d. Burning coal produces sulfur dioxide, which contributes to acid rain.

all of them

Where do you find most volcanos?

along the ring of fire, which is along pacific fault line

What does it mean to say that an area is biodiverse? (Use the word "gene" in your answer.)

an area is biodiverse if many different plants and animals with different dna sequences and genes are in the area. large gene pool in an area

Which of these illustrates a predator-prey relationship? a. A horse eating grass. b. A flea feeding on a dog. c. An eagle catching a fish. d. A rooster fighting another rooster.

an eagle catching a fish

Explain why creating a woodland corridor that connects two forest preserves might benefit the ecosystems of both preserves.

animals could come over and carry new seeds or new organisms. Also it gives the animals more room and space which could mean more new species.

M #2 3. A mouse lives its life by getting energy from eating seeds and nuts. When a coyote eats that mouse, about how much of the energy from the seeds and nuts that the mouse ate does the coyote get? a. 1% b. 10% c. 90% d. 100%

b. 10%

M #2 19. If decomposers were removed from an ecosystem, what would most likely occur first? a. Carnivores would have no source of energy. b. Essential elements would not be available to plants. c. Plants would no longer absorb energy from the sun. d. Herbivores would lose their source of energy and nutrients

b. Essential elements would not be available to plants.

M #1 7. When you hold an ice cube in your hand, why does your hand feel cold? a. Cold is flowing into your hand from the ice cube. b. Heat is flowing out of your hand into the ice cube. c. Humans cannot measure temperature very accurately

b. Heat is flowing out of your hand into the ice cube.

M #1 A boy put on his brakes to stop his bicycle. What happened to his energy of motion when he came to a stop? a. It was used up. b. It was turned into thermal energy. c. It was stored in the bicycle pedals. d. It was turned into gravitational potential energy

b. It was turned into thermal energy.

M #2 4. Most of a plant's mass (weight) comes from a. Water b. The air c. The sun d. The soil

b. The air

M #1 10. What would you notice if the frequency of a sound got higher? a. The sound would reflect more. b. The pitch of the sound would get higher. c. The sound would go on for a longer time. d. The volume of the sound would get louder.

b. The pitch of the sound would get higher.

M #1 Which object listed below gives off (produces) visible photons? a. A human body b. A burning candle c. A microwave oven d. All of these things produce visible photons

b. a burning candle

M #2 6. If there were no decomposers, then soil would eventually run out of a. water. b. humus. c. oxygen. d. mineral particles.

b. humus.

A girl put on her brakes to stop her bicycle. What happened to her energy of motion when she came to a stop? a. It was used up. b. It was turned into thermal energy. c. It was stored in the bicycle pedals. d. It was stored as chemical energy in her body.

b. it was turned into thermal energy

M #2 34. Use the passage below to answer the three questions that follow. In a pond habitat, tadpoles, herbivorous insects, and mice feed on water plants and algae. Predaceous insects (insects that prey on other insects) eat the herbivorous insects. Mice eat both types of insects. Snakes eat the tadpoles and the mice. Hawks eat the mice and the snakes. a. Draw a food web showing all the organisms described in this pond habitat. b. Which organisms in this habitat are primary producers? How do they obtain energy? c. Which organism in this habitat would be the least common? Explain why.

b. plants and algae are the primary producers because they obtain energy by making their own food c. hawks because they require the most to surbibe. if they only get about 10% of the energy from what they eat, they are going to need a lot of things to sustain them, so there can't be a ton of them

Which of these does not emit visible photons? a. a campfire b. the moon c. light bulb d. sun

b. the moon

M #1 It is a hot summer day, and Betty is leaving home for a few hours. If she wants her house to be as cool as possible when she returns, she should a. turn on her electric fan while she is gone. b. turn off her electric fan while she is gone. c. It won't matter if she turns her fan on or not.

b. turn off her electric fan while she is gone.

M #2 13. a. Circle all of the biotic elements in the list below. Bear Fish Tree Rock Rain b. Circle all of the abiotic elements in the list below. Bear Fish Tree Rock Rain

bear fish tree rock rain

Explain why eating too much animal protein can have an unnecessarily large impact on the earth and its food resources.

because animals need a lot of surface area and land to survive , which has a large impact of the earth. plants need less surface area for survival

M #2 27. Carbon dioxide does not smell bad. You can't see it, and it is good for plants. So, why do scientists say carbon dioxide is a pollutant?

because it can cause harm to the environment if we have too much of it, it's a greenhouse gas

M #2 14. Why do humans tend to eat a lot of seeds?

because seeds have a lot of energy in them

M #1 Explain why water becomes cooler when it is evaporating.

because the highest energy particles are the ones that tend to evaporate first. this would bring down the temperature (average energy of particles in a substance) and therefore the water would become cooler because particles evaporate

M #2 21. Explain why scientists call plants "producers."

because they make their own foods

According to the energy pyramid shown here, the greatest amount of energy is present in the organisms living at the same level as the a. grass b. grasshoppers c. birds d. bobcats

bobcats

A ball is dropped out of an airplane. While the ball is falling, it has a. kinetic energy. b. gravitational energy. c. both kinetic and gravitational energy. d. neither kinetic nor gravitational energy.

both kinetic and gravitational energy

What is a breakwater and what is its purpose?

breakwater is the line of rocks or something else that blocks waves to help stop erosion

M #1 Where does a seed get the energy it needs to germinate (sprout)? a. From sunlight. b. From the soil. c. It gets it from inside the seed itself. d. Seeds don't need energy to germinate.

c. It gets it from inside the seed itself.

M #2 A city wants to provide clean water for its citizens. They get their water from a river. What's the first thing the city does with the water to prepare it for safe drinking? a. They filter it. b. They shine ultraviolet light on it c. They let the water sit undisturbed. d. They add chemicals to kill bacteria.

c. They let the water sit undisturbed.

M #2 5. Which of the following variables affect bean seeds germination? a. Soil. b. Light. c. Water. d. Temperature.

c. Water. d. Temperature.

M #2 12. In biology, a consumer is an organism that a. is abiotic. b. produces its own food. c. cannot produce its own food. d. does not need food to survive. e. Shops for its own food.

c. cannot produce its own food.

Which of the landforms shown here is most likely to result when two continents collide? a. volcano b. valley c. mountains d. island

c. mountains (volcanos are not "most likely")

Deer mice are normally dark brown, which is a good color for them, because they live in the woods and their dark color helps them hide from predators. When deer mice moved into the Sand Hills area of Nebraska some years ago, their dark color made them easy prey for owls. However, they eventually developed much lighter, sand-colored fur, which helped them hide from owls. This story about deer mice is primarily an example of a. Biodiversity b. Macroevolution c. Natural selection d. Survival of the fittest

c. natural selection

M #1 What would happen to the mass (weight) of a block of wood if you heated it up? The mass (weight) would a. increase. b. decrease. c. stay the same.

c. stay the same

M #1 12. If a fork is a better thermal conductor than a rock, then the fork would definitely a. be hotter than the rock. b. absorb heat better than the rock. c. transfer heat faster than the rock. d. store more thermal energy than the rock. e. All of these answers are true.

c. transfer heat faster than the rock.

gmo concerns

cancer? allergies? gene drift? harming beneficial plants and animals?

Unlike plants, fungi (for example, mushrooms) cannot produce their own food because they do not have a. roots b. chlorophyll c. hyphae d. seeds

chlorophyll

What is the chemical formula for photosynthesis?

co2 + h2o + energy = sugar + o2

M #2 16. What materials or ingredients do plants need for photosynthesis?

co2 + h2o + light energy

Some seeds can lie dormant for many years until a. Food webs are in place. b. Sunlight causes photosynthesis. c. Conditions are right for growth. d. Energy pyramids are complete.

conditions are right for growth

What causes tectonic plates to move?

convection currents in the mantle

What are the most common seeds that humans eat worldwide?

corn, rice, breads, nuts

M #2 30. Coyotes eat rabbits and chipmunks, which eat plants. Explain why coyotes need to have more land to survive than rabbits and chipmunks do

coyotes need more land to survive than the rabbits and chipmunks who eat plants do. coyotes are higher on the trophic level and only get 10% of that energy , so they need that land to sustain them

Earth is composed of four layers. The least dense layer is the a. Inner core b. Outer core c. Mantle d. Crust

crust

M #1 8. What can sound travel through? a. Gases b. Liquids c. Solids d. It can travel through all of these things. e. It cannot travel through any of these things.

d. It can travel through all of these things

M #1 13. Finish this comparison: Light Energy is to Brightness as Sound Energy is to a. Echo. b. Pitch. c. Color. d. Loudness. e. Transmission.

d. Loudness

M #2 11. According to your instructor, which of the following is NOT true? a. God created the universe. b. Nature is orderly because God is orderly. c. Events in nature depend upon God. d. Nature conceals (hides) the activities of God.

d. Nature conceals (hides) the activities of God.

M #1 11. What always happens when the temperature of a gas increases? (Only one answer below is correct.) a. The gas expands. b. The gas pressure increases. c. The gas particles get bigger. d. The gas particles get more kinetic energy.

d. The gas particles get more kinetic energy.

M #1 Which object listed below gives off (produces) photons? a. A human body b. A burning candle c. A microwave oven d. All of these things produce photons.

d. all

M #1 What causes sound to have different pitches?

different frequencies cause sound to have different pitches. The higher the frequency, the higher the pitch. the lower the frequency the lower the pitch

weathering definition

disintegration (breaking down) of rock near the surface of the earth

Give one example of how growing GM crops might protect the health of farm workers.

don't need to spray pesticides that could harm farmers health

What can humans do to decrease the negative impact of fragmentation on ecosystems?

don't separate ecosystems don't build over them save large chunks of land woodland corridor

M #2 20. If decomposers were removed from an ecosystem, which of the following would eventually happen? a. Carnivores would have no source of energy. b. Essential elements would not be available to plants. c. Plants would no longer be able to absorb energy from the sun. d. Herbivores would lose their source of energy and nutrients. e. All of these things would eventually occur.

e. All of these things would eventually occur.

M #2 33 a. We watched a video that said that the rain forest in Africa needs elephants to stay healthy. Explain how that works. b. The video also said that elephants are important for making it rain. Explain how elephants (indirectly) make it rain in the rain forest.

elephants carry different materials, eat plants, their excerment preads seeds and can replensih soils and material elephants eat plants and spread seeds. when plants grow, there is going to be transpirations which effects the wayter cycle

14. What are the 3 parts of a seed, and what are they for?

embryo: new seeds seed coat: protect seed endosperm: stored chemical energy

What are the three main parts of a seed called? What are their purposes?

embryo: reproduce seed coat: protects the seed endosperm: stores energy

M #1 A rock was pushed down on a spring and then released. The rock shot up into the air as shown here. When the rock came back down, it was moving just as fast as when it first shot upward. Carefully explain why this is so, using the concept of conservation of energy

energy is conserved. it cannot be created or destroyed and there is a set amount of energy that we have. the rock was moving just as fast when it shot up and when it came down because it wasn't gaining or losing energy. the energy was being transferred into different forms, but it had the same amount of energy and was moving just as fast the whole time

By about how much would the weight of a battery change if you drained it of all its energy?

energy is just an idea, it's not a thing and therefore it doesn't have weight. So, the weights of the battery wouldn't change

If the decomposers were removed from an ecosystem, what would most likely occur first? a. Carnivores would have no source of energy. b. Essential elements would not be available to plants. c. Plants would no longer absorb energy from the sun. d. Herbivores would lose their source of energy and nutrients

essential elements would not be available to plants

Describe the properties of a photon.

fast, ball of energy, sometimes visible sometimes not, can be reflected, transmitted or absorbed

4. What is the definition of "fitness" according to a biologist?

fitness is how well organisms adapt to their environment. it is the characteristics and adaptations that an organisms has in relation to their environment that determines its fitness

M #2 25. Explain why people living in food deserts tend to get all the calories they need, but they still suffer from poor nutrition.

food deserts lack quality nutrient dense food such as fruits and veggies, meats, dairy, etc. Food deserts don't lack calorie dense food, but they lack healthy food with natural vitamins and minerals, fats, phytochemical, etc.

Which human activity is responsible for endangering the greatest number of land animals? a. Fragmentation b. Starting fires c. Building wildlife corridors d. Eliminating greenhouse gases

fragmentation

What does "fragmentation of an ecosystem" mean?

fragmentation of an ecosystem is a way an ecosystems is harmed. it is when an ecosystem is "broken apart" or "separates" into different smaller pieces of an ecosystems. disturbs ecosystems, large predators leave

What role do genes play for organisms?

genes determine the characteristics of an organism. traits, behaviors, etc. are determined by genes

The wrapper on a "health" bar for sale at Johnny's states the following: "This bar is a. Gluten free b. Dairy free c. Made with only organic ingredients d. Contains no GMO e. Contains no trans-fat f. Low sodium g. High in protein h. Fortified with vitamins A, C, and E. i. Contains nuts 29. Which of the ingredients (or lack of ingredients) listed above would make you think that this bar really is a healthy choice? Which ones are not really very important at all when it comes to your health? Give reasons for your answers. Make sure you answer this question based on what we have learned in this class, and not according to what people at the mall think.

good: - nuts - no transfat - low sodium not important: - organic materials (doesn't make it healthier) - high protein (we really have all the protein that we need) - fortified vitamins (we have all the vitamins you mean)

Around hot-water vents deep in the ocean (like the midAtlantic ridge) live specialized bacteria that turn hydrogen sulfide into sugars by a chemical process. These bacteria provide food to other life forms, as shown in the diagram above. Compared to food chains on land, the bacteria in this community fill the same role as a. green plants b. mushrooms c. hawks d. rabbits

green plants

. Obviously, God is quite active when He does a miracle. According to the Bible, what is God doing when he is not performing a miracle?

he is busy at work watching over us and "having a hand" on creation

When you hold an ice cube in your hand, why does your hand feel cold? a. Cold is flowing into your hand from the ice cube. b. Heat is flowing out of your hand into the ice cube. c. Humans cannot measure temperature very accurately.

heat is flowing out of your hand into the ice cube

How do seed banks help protect us from the lack of biodiversity in the food we grow?

if something were to go wrong with our crops, we could go get a different a seed and regrow our crops

How would things change on the earth if there were no greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?

if there were no greenhouse gases in the atmosphere the earth would get really hot during the day and cold at night

Why might a lack of biodiversity in farming lead to large failures in crops and possible famines?

if there were to be a famine or something went wrong, all of the crops would likely die. they are all the same, not biodiverse at all. thus a disease would wipe all not just some

M #1 While a ball is rolling down a hill, does it have gravitational energy, kinetic energy, or both? Explain why.

it has both. it has gravitational energy because it is going down hill and kinetic because it is moving while rolling down

. (See question 5 above) Did the mice that moved into Nebraska change their color, or was it their offspring that became a different color?

it was their offspring that became a different color overtime

M #1 Diamond has a very high thermal conductivity. Imagine a large diamond that has been sitting on on table in our classroom all night long. Would the diamond feel warm or cold to you if you touched it? Why? (Be sure to explain your answer using your knowledge of thermal conductivity.)

it would feel cold to us because the diamond is a very good thermal conductor, so it transfers energy very quickly. when we touch the diamond, heat energy is transferred from our hands into the diamond, because it is a good thermal conductor. therefore, the diamond would feel cold to us.

M #2 32. Your instructor has sandy soil in his backyard. What problems does he encounter when he tries to grow vegetables there? How might he fix those problem

lacking water, lacking organica material. Has air and minerals. try adding some more water, make sure soil has lots of o2 (aerating could help)

Which of the following is most effective in helping rain forest plants trap sunlight so that light energy can be converted to chemical energy? a. Small seed sizes b. Large leaf sizes c. Large root sizes d. Small stems

large leaf sizes

macroevolution

large-scale evolutionary changes that take place over long periods of time

Use your understanding of genetics to give two different reasons why the traits of an offspring might be completely different from the traits of the parents.

latent genes difference could be a gene mutation

A running rabbit has kinetic energy. Do an energy chain, starting with the sun, which shows how the rabbit got its kinetic energy

light energy from the sun -> stored chemical energy from plants -> chemical energy in animal -> kinetic energy of rabbit

What is directly underneath the crust of the earth, and what is that region like?

mantle, which is very hot and has lots of convection currents

Which of the ingredients (or lack of ingredients) listed above might make you wonder if this bar is good or bad for the environment? Give reasons for your answers. Make sure you answer this question based on what we have learned in this class, and not according to what people at the mall think.

maybe dairy free contains nuts (nuts need lots of water)

M #1 Give an example of an object or a material that is both a good electrical conductor and a good thermal conductor.

metal is both a good electrical and thermal conductor. this is because it is really good at transferring energy quickly

Modify this statement to make it more correct: Miracles violate scientific laws

miracles don't have to violate scientific law, but they can, when God does a miracle he's doing something "different"

gmo benefits

more nutritious, less dangerous, farmers use fewer pesticides and fewer herbicides, reduce water used, less fertilize, higher yields

Which of the following statements about the flow of energy is NOT true? a. Some of the energy in the food we eat is used to keep our bodies warm. b. Some of the energy in the food we eat is needed for bodily functions. c. Some of the energy in the food we eat is lost as waste, which is passed from the body. d. Most of the energy in the trophic level below us is passed on to us in the food we eat.

most of the energy....

M #1 Using the symbols for a battery and for a light bulb shown below, carefully draw in wires to make a circuit that will cause they light bulb to go on. The batteries shown here are both 1.5-volt batteries. What is the voltage of the combination of batteries shown below? What is the voltage of the combination of batteries shown below? Which, if either, of the combination of batteries shown in parts b) and c) would make a light bulb burn brighter?

negative goes to bottom, positive goes to side if they are both 1.5 the voltage of the combination would be 3 volts the voltage of the combination in parallel would be 1.5 volts because the batteries are working half as hard series would make a light bulb burn brighter because it has twice the voltage. now if we watned the light to burn longer we woudl say parallel. but if we want brighter, then series.

Fred purchased what he thought was a beautiful blue shirt while he was shopping in a department store that had fluorescent lighting. However, when he wore his shirt outside on a sunny day, it looked more purple than blue. Explain why Fred's shirt may have looked a different color when he was outside in the sun as opposed to when he was inside where there were fluorescent lights

no purple light coming out of store, so you wouldn't see purple in store. sun shows all light

Christians do not always agree about how God made the universe. Some think that he used natural means and processes to do it. If He did use natural means, would that have been an unusual way for God to work in nature?

no, God uses order and natural means to work in nature

When you freeze water, does the mass of the water change? Explain your answer.

no, mass doesn't change it may expand when it's frozen, but it is the same substancem just a different form. nothing added or lost

What is an invasive species?

non native species that out compete native species for available resources, reproduce a lot and dominate ecosystems

M #2 10. Which of the following has been shown to be effective in preventing colds? a. Vitamin C b. Vitamin E c. Echinacea d. Phytochemicals e. None of these things are effective.

none

M #2 31. Calvin's Nature Preserve is highlighted in this aerial photo. (The Preserve is located inside the black rectangle. Calvin's main campus is just to the left of the Preserve.) Calvin's website says that the Preserve is "our attempt to conserve, restore, protect, and appreciate the wonder of creation." Your instructor thinks the Preserve is a wonderful way to protect the natural environment, but given its size and location, it cannot possibly preserve or restore the natural environment of Michigan as it existed in the past. Explain why not. Why is it not possible preserve the natural ecosystems of Michigan on a piece of land this size and in this location?

not enough space for large carnivores to have the space that they need to hunt and eat

Why does clear-cutting a forest or engaging in strip-mining usually result in a significant amount of erosion?

nothing is left to protect the forest from significant rain and erosion if there is not vegetation. Leaves it very susceptible to significant erosion.

In a certain aquatic environment, river turtles eat duckweed, grass and sometimes snails. Leeches feed on the blood of these turtles, but they do not kill them. Alligators have been known to eat the river turtles. The best description of the river turtle in this passage would be as a. a carnivore. b. a herbivore. c. an omnivore. d. a decomposer.

omnivore

M #2 22. What do you call an organism that eats both plants and animals?

omnivore

What does "natural selection mean?

only the fittest for the environment survive. only the organisms with the "correct" adaptations will survive

What are the four components of good soil?

organic material water air minerals

Should a farmer plow her field in straight lines or perpendicular to the slope of her fields to help limit erosion? Explain why.

perpendicular to the slope of the fields because it will limit erosion. things will not be eroded as quickly or easily if it is sloped

Sound energy and echoes are analogous to (similar in some ways to) light energy and a. photons being reflected. b. photons being absorbed. c. photons being transmitted.

photons being reflected

All living plant cells must do this to stay alive. a. Diffraction b. Respiration c. Photosynthesis d. Transmorgification

photosymethes

What process makes food for plants? a. Respiration b. Condensation c. Transpiration d. Photosynthesis

photosynthesis

What is the difference between the pitch and the loudness of a sound?

pitch is the speed of vibrations loudness is the size of vibrations

M #2 24. People with chronic back pain do not get better if you hide a magnet hidden under their mattress while they sleep. However, if you tell them there is a magnet under there, many of them feel better in the morning. Why would that be?

placebo effect. if people people something works and will make them feel better, they usually feel better, regardless of whether or not the treatment works

Give an example of how life on earth depends on other things dying

plants are dependent on soil for life, and this soil must have organic materials which consists of decomposed materials

M #2 23. What are the two main reasons plants need to absorb water with their roots?

plants need water to carry out photosynthesis plants need water for transpiration

erosion definition

redistribution of rocks (and minerals) near the surface of the earth

All living animal cells must do this to stay alive. a. Diffraction b. Respiration c. Photosynthesis d. Transmorgification

respiration

What evidence is there that Michigan was once covered with glaciers?

rocks and hills and valleys, lakes, lots of lakes!

. The two structures most plants use to gather nutrients and to produce energy to live are a. Roots and flowers. b. Roots and leaves. c. Stems and roots. d. Stems and leaves.

roots and leaves

evolutionism

says evolution happened and there is no God controlling that

microevolution

says species can change generically over time so new genes show up and species change

The city of St. Louis is situated on the banks of the muddy Mississippi River. The city gets its drinking water from the river. Describe the process that is probably followed to make the river water safe to drink.

sedimentation filtration purification

Sally has decided to eat a diet that consists exclusively of complex carbohydrates from plants and protein. What is missing from her diet?

she is missing fat from her diet and some vitamins and minerals

What is usually responsible for an earthquake? a. Gravitational pull from the moon b. Slippage along faults in Earth's crust c. Pressure buildup in the mantle d. Erosion along the coastline.

slippage along faults in earth's crust

M #1 What causes sound?

sound is caused by the vibration of something

M #2 17. What materials or ingredients do animals need for respiration?

sugar + o2

M #2 18. What materials or ingredients do plants need for respiration?

sugar + o2

What is the chemical formula for respiration?

sugar + o2 = co2 + h2o + energy

M #1 Draw a picture of a child standing outside during the daytime looking at a tree. Explain why the leaves of the tree look green to the child, and also sketch in whatever photons you need to help you with your explanation. (Make sure that the sun is included in your picture and that it is included in your explanation.)

sun gives off photons that hit the tree, the leaves of the tree absorb all the colors except green. the leaves reflect the green photons which bounce of the leaves and hit the child's eye. thus, the child sees green leaves because the leaves reflect green photons

M #2 28. Psalm 104:5 says, "He (God) set the earth on its foundations; it can never be moved." Some people in the past have interpreted this verse as a scientific statement. They believe it meant meant that the earth is in the center of the universe, it does not move, and the sun and the moon move around it. Comment on this Biblical interpretation in light of our class discussions.

the Bible helps answer the question of who. who set the earth on its foundation? God did it. The Bible's purpose is not to be a scientific book, it answers who and why questions, not how. The verse is meant to point to God being creator and sustainer, not to try and explain whether the earth can or can't move/ The bible is unchanging, but science is changing. The Bible doesn't make scientific statements

What is the name of the scientific theory for how the universe came into being?

the big bang

M #2 26. Assume you can choose either of the two organisms shown here as a source of nutrition. Which of them would provide a more efficient transfer of energy (less loss of energy) from the sun to you? Explain why.

the corn would provide a more efficient transfer of energy. the corn would be a producer (because it is a plant), it makes its own energy. there is less of a loss of energy in transfer because the corn would not be a high level consumer (like the cow). the corn would lose less energy because it doesn't use or need as much as the cow

What always happens when the temperature of a gas increases? a. The gas expands. b. The gas pressure increases. c. The gas particles get bigger. d. The gas particles move faster.

the gas particles move faster

M #1 27. Consider three identical cars: The first one is not moving, and it is out of gasoline. The second one is not moving, but it is full of gasoline. The third one is moving at 30 miles per hour, but it has just run out of gasoline. Which car has the most energy? a. The one that is not moving and out of gasoline. b. The one that is not moving but full of gasoline. c. The one that is moving but has just run out of gasoline. d. They all have the same amount of energy. Explain your answer.

the one not moving but full of gasoline has the most energy. even though it isn't moving, it has a full tank of gas and lots of potential energy. if our definition of energy is how much change might occur, then the one full of gas would have the greatest potential for change

What would you notice in terms of sound if an object were made to vibrate more rapidly than it was before? a. The sound would reflect more. b. The pitch of the sound would get higher. c. The volume of the sound would get louder. d. The sound wave would travel faster

the pitch of the sound would get higher

Why does Michigan get so many potholes in its roads?

the roads consistently freeze over and then unfreeze with the temperature levels and water freezing. when it freezes, it expands and leaves cracks that the water can get into and thus expands the pavement resulting in potholes

What does evolutionism mean?

the world was created, but there is no God controlling or watching over it now

M #1 What are the three different ways thermal energy can be transported from one place to another, and which one of these ways depends on photons?

thermal energy can be transporrted from one place to another through conduction, convection, and through photons. energy through photons depends on photons.

Speaking from a particle perspective, what is thermal energy?

thermal energy is the total kinetic enrgy of all the particles in a suubstance

3. Why do the lenses of sunglasses look dark?

they look dark because they are absorbing photons and filtering a bunch of photons

Rocks found at the bottom of streams tend to be very smooth. Why?

tossed around a lot and the water and waves have eroded the rock and chunks of it have fallen off

If you are outside on a cold winter day, why would touching a metal pole feel colder to you than a tree trunk?

touching a metal pole would feel colder to us because metal is a really good conductor of thermal energy, the metal "takes the heat energy" from us when we touch it, thus feeling cold to use because it's good at transferring thermal energy

People hardly ever eradicate (remove) invasive species when they appear. Instead, they simply try to control them from completely taking over. Why is that? Why don't we completely exterminate invasive species?

very difficult to completely eradicate invasive species. also completely eradicating them could leave the ecosystem vulnerable and thus unhealthy because it could impact other organisms

How is sound energy produced?

vibrations

What would happen to our ability to do science if God did miracles all of the time?

we wouldn't be able to do science, becasue we would not have structure or order to base off of

What causes rocks in a stream to be smooth? a. Movement of fish b. Weathering c. Earthquakes d. Plate tectonics

weathering

M #2 15. What are some of the most common seeds humans eat worldwide? (List at least three.)

wheat, rice, corn, nuts

What causes earthquakes?

when 2 tectonic plates "crash" into each other

Photographs of the surface of Mars reveal the presence of sand dunes that move around over time. These dunes demonstrate the presence of what phenomenon on Mars? a. Wind b. Precipitation c. Plate tectonics d. Magnetic pole reversals

wind

M #2 29. What would the author of the book God Did It, But How? likely say in response to the little boy in the comic shown here?

yes. God had a hand in the rivers and the canyons. God created and controls the rivers and the canyons. God was directly involved in the the rivers digging the canyon

In terms of nutrition, what is the main difference between a vitamin and a phytochemical?

you need vitamins to survive, you don't necessarily need phytochemicals to survive, but you will live longer and better with them

M #1 Imagine that you had a microscope that was so powerful that you could see individual atoms. What difference, if any, would you notice if you used your microscope to look at the atoms in a hot cup of water and the atoms in a cold cup of water? How would they be different?

you would notice that in the hot cup of water, particles would be moving much faster than in the cold cup of water. Hot cup would have more thermal energy.