Science 1086, 4th Edition, Self Test
strata
Before they were completely dry, some of Earth's sedimentary __________________ were bent, folded, and twisted by powerful subterranean forces.
mantle
Earth's crust, the Moho, and the upper ______________ make up Earth's lithosphere.
canyon
A narrow valley with high, steep sides is called a ____________.
tributary
A stream or river that flows into a larger river is called a ___________________.
dependable
God has placed many things in nature to remind us that He is ___________________.
geysers
_____________ and hot springs are formed when underground water is heated by magma and the heated water makes its way to the surface of Earth's crust.
magma
______________ is molten subterranean rock.
sill
A ____________ is formed when magma seeps sideways between rock layers.
seismograph
A _____________ is a scientific instrument used to sense and record movements in Earth's lithosphere.
ravine
A _____________ is usually deeper, steeper, and more narrow than a gully.
plain
A _______________ is a large area of flat land that has few, if any, landforms.
crust
Earth's ____________ is thickest at the mountains and thinnest under the oceans.
acidic
Limestone is formed when _________________ water in streams and rivers dissolves lime from soil and rocks and carries the lime to lakes and oceans.
heat
Metamorphic rock is formed when pressure and _______________ change the structure of existing igneous or sedimentary rock.
granite
Most mountains consist of _____________, a common igneous rock formed from magma that cooled slowly underground.
mouth
Sediment deposited at the ____________ of a river forming a triangle-shaped, rich agricultural area is called a delta.
Moho
The imaginary line, or boundary, where the rocks in Earth's crust change into mantle rock is the ____________.
headwaters
The source of a river is called its ______________.
sandstone
____________ is a sedimentary rock that consists of grains of sand that have been cemented together.
lava
____________ is magma that has broken through to the surface of Earth's crust.
igneous
____________ rock is formed when magma cools.
pumice
____________, an igneous rock that can float in water, is formed when lava erupts into the atmosphere and cools rapidly, trapping bubbles of gas inside the rock.
sedimentary
______________ rock found on the tops of the tallest mountains is evidence that water once covered the entire Earth.
mica
common type of schist that can be separated into thin glasslike sheets
butte
flat-topped landform with steep sides that is taller than it is wide
mesa
flat-topped landform with steep sides that is wider than it is tall
gneiss
igneous metamorphic rock with sparkling crystals that is formed when granite is heated almost to its melting point
plateau
large flat-topped area of land that rises above the land next to it on at least one side
stalactites
limestone formations hanging from cave ceilings
stalagmites
limestone formations rising upward from cave floors
marble
sedimentary metamorphic rock formed from limestone that is useful because it is hard and resists erosion
conglomerate
sedimentary rock containing pebbles or stones cemented together in one stratum
schist
variety of metamorphic rock that can form from either sedimentary or igneous rock
Mount Everest
world's highest mountain peak
sediment
Sedimentary rock is formed when ______________ is deposited in layers and hardens into rock.
fossils
Shale, in which _____________ can be found in abundance, was once muddy clay that hardened into sedimentary rock.
obsidian
A dense, glasslike, extremely hard igneous rock called ______________ forms when lava comes into contact with cold water or ice and cools rapidly.
valley
An area of lowland between hills or mountains is called a ______________.
Impressions of leaves, animal footprints, or an animal's body found in hardened rock are called ____________ fossils.
core
The _____________ of Earth lies just below the mantle.
