Science
Clast
A broken piece or fragment that makes up a clastic rock
Cementation
A process in which minerals dissolved in water crystallize between sediment grains
Compaction
A process in which the weight from the layers of sediment forces out fluids and decreases the space between sediment grains
Clastics
Broken pieces of rocks
Biochemical or organic
Coal is an example of a type of sedimentary rock called
They have the same grain size but conglomerate is round and breccia is angular
Compare and contrast the textures of conglomerate And breccia
Finger nail impressions and sea shells
How can you classify fossiliferous rocks?
Fast flowing rivers and ocean waves
How do large sediments move?
Typically in small calm environments such as sea floor or the bottom of a lake
How do small, gritty sediments move?
According to composition
How is chemical rocks classified?
According to grain size
How is clastics classified?
According to composition
How is organic rocks classified?
B. Magma
Identify a factor that is not responsible for the formation of sedimentary rocks. A. Glacier B. Magma C. River D. Wind
Weathering, sediments, erosion, decomposition, cementation/ compaction
List the sedimentary rock cycle
Organic
Living (example coal)
Chemical
Precipitated out of solution (example water)
Chemical rock
Sedimentary rock that forms when minerals crystallize directly from water
Clastic rock
Sedimentary rock that is made of broken pieces of minerals and rock fragments
Biochemical rock or organic
Sedimentary rock that was formed by organisms or contains the remains of organisms
Minerals (quartz, calcite, and clay)
What holds clastic rock grains together
Biochemical
What is another name for organic rocks?
Very large or boulders
What is breccia's composition?
Calcite: freshwater limestone
What is calcareous tufa composition?
Shells of microscopic organisms
What is chalk's composition?
Microscopic quartz
What is chert's composition?
Compressed plant matter
What is coal's composition?
Very large or boulders
What is conglomerate's composition?
Loosely cemented shell fragments
What is coquina's composition?
Limestone with numerous fossils
What is fossiliferous limestone's composition?
Gypsum
What is gypsum or gyprock's composition?
It is classified as a carbonate because it contains the element carbon and oxygen
What is limestone classified as?
Calcite
What is limestone's composition?
Halite
What is rock salt's composition?
Sand sized grains
What is sandstone composition?
Clay
What is shale's composition?
Silt
What is siltstone's composition?
Intrusive igneous rocks are composed of a variety of minerals and multicolored, but chemical sedimentary rocks are generally composed of one dominant mineral and are dominant color
What is the difference between chemical sedimentary rocks and intrusive igneous rocks?
Chert
What is the most common rock?
Chemical
What type of sedimentary rocks often have an interlocking crystalline texture, similar to the textures of mini igneous rocks?
D. Sandstone
Which is a clastic rock? A. Coal B. Limestone C. Rock gypsum D. Sandstone
Because unlike conglomerate, they edges are not worn down or polished
Why does breccia have sharp edges?
Because it precipitates around plants in the swamp/ river
Why does calcareous tufa have indentions?
