Science Ch.10 DNA
DNA stands for
deoxyribonacleic acid
guanine
double ring, purine, bonds with cytosine
adenine
double ring, purine, bonds with thymine
DNA nitrogen bases bond together with ___.
hydrogen bonds
DNA is a large molecule made up of smaller units called
nucleic
What are the 3 parts of the nucleotide?
phosphate, nitrogen base, deoxyribose
RNA stands for
ribonucleic acid
cytosine
single ring, pyrimidine, bonds with guanine
THe outer portion of the DNA molecole is called the ___.
sugar-posphate molecules
RNA contains ____.
uracil
Where does translation occur?
cytoplasm on ribosomes
mRNA
large family of RNA molecules that contain genetic information from DNA to the ribosome
What is transcription?
mRNA created by transcribing DNA codes; it's complete once mRNA strand completed; once delivering message to the rest of the cell, mRNA leaves the nucleus and exits via the nucleus pores
What is translation?
mRNA manufactured during transcription translated into amino acid sequence
What is RNA polymerase and what does it do?
member of family that are essential to life
DNA can be found in the
nucleus
Where does transcription occur?
nucleus
Ribose has ___(how many) oxygen atom compared to deoxyribose.
one more
Chargaff's rule states that DNA from any cell should have a 1:1 ratio of ___ and ____ bases (As per the base pairing rule).
pyrimidine and purine
Describe DNA polymerase
reads the part molecules in 3 --> S direction
The sugar found in RNA is called ---.
ribose
DNA replication is _____ because each "new" DNA molecule consists of one parental strand and one new strand.
semi-conservative
thymine
single ring, pyrimidine, bonds with adenine
RNA is able to leave the nucleus because it is ---.
single-stranded and smaller than DNA
RNA does not contain the nitrogen base ---.
thymine
What is the function of DNA?
to form proteins in RNA; to exchange genetic material and parental chromosomes during meiotic cell division
Is DNA to mRNA called transcription or translation?
transcription
Is mRNA to protein called transcription or translation?
translation
Describe DNA helicase
breaks hydrogen bonds and unzips original parents DNA molecules
A ___ is a section of DNA or RNA that consists of 3 nucleotides that form a code.
codeon
If a DNA molecule contains 30% adenine, how much cytosine does it contain?
20% cytosine
How many bonds does cytosine-guanine have?
3 bonds
How many bonds does adenine-thymine have?
5 bonds
rRNA
RNA component of ribosome for all living organisms
tRNA
adaptor molecules composed to RNA that serves as physical link between mRNA and amino acid
Uracil is complementary to ---.
adenine
4 nitrogen bases found in DNA:
adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine
Proteins are made up of smaller units called ---.
amino acids