science chapter 4

Students in physics were conducting experiments to determine the relationship between gas volume and temperature. Using a flexible container filled with helium gas, students manipulated the temperature and recorded the new volumes as the experiment progressed. The instructor asked the students to stop the graph at 350K. What was the volume of helium gas at 50K?

37.5cc

How is the temperature of a gas related to the kinetic energy of its particles?

As the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the particles increases.

A student puts air into a balloon and ties it shut. Which action listed below will lead to a decrease in pressure inside the balloon?

Sticking the balloon in a freezer.

How will the behavior of the gases in the piston chamber change if heat is applied to the system? Assume the piston moves to keep the pressure constant.

The gas particles will speed up.

Elaborate on the reason(s) that matter is said to move even as in a solid state.

The particles are not able to move out of their positions relative to one another, but do have small vibrational movements.

As temperature of this substance rises from 20°C to 50°C, the substance _______ heat and its kinetic energy _________ .

absorbs; increases

As ice transforms into steam,

energy is absorbed by the molecules.

The most abundant state of matter in the universe is also the state with the most kinetic energy. That is...

plasma.

Timothy plays basketball in his driveway during the summer. By accident, he left the basketball outside during the winter. He tried to bounce it, but it would not bounce because it was partially deflated. During the winter, air molecules in the basketball move _____________ than in the summer. As a result, the pressure of the basketball is ___________ in the winter.

slower, low

Different objects don't heat at the same rate because they have different ___________.

specific heats

The measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance is the ___________.

temperature

When a solid such as ice begins to melt, heat energy is added. What is the function of this added heat energy?

to break the bonds between the individual water molecules.

Given the diagram showing gas molecules in different containers, a reasonable inference could be made that there is a relationship between:

volume and pressure

When a warm object is brought near a cool object, the cool object will ____________.

warm up

As we stand and watch the hot air balloon rise in the sky, we can imagine what is happening at the microscopic level to the gas molecules inside the balloon. As the balloon rises, the gas molecules are...

moving faster and spreading apart.

As we stand and watch the hot air balloon rise in the sky, we can imagine what is happening at the microscopic level to the gas molecules inside the balloon. As the balloon rises, the gas molecules are...

...moving faster and spreading apart.

Solids are often defined as having a definite shape, while gases and liquids have no definite shape. This can best be explained by the fact that...

...solids have a more ordered arrangement of atoms than liquids and gases.

A substance heats and cools quickly. What do you know about this substance?

It has a low specific heat capacity.

6 A.M. - 30 PSI 9 A.M. - 32 PSI 1 P.M. - 35 PSI Amy measured the tire pressure of her truck that was parked outside after a cold night. The daytime temperature reached a nice 65 °F. Assume Amy's tires do not have any leaks. Explain the change in tire pressure.

The air molecules heated inside the tire causing them to move faster exerting more pressure on the inside walls of the tires.

Why might a balloon, that is inflated almost to its capacity, pop or explode on an extremely warm day?

The balloon might pop due to the increase in the volume of the gas.

A ping pong ball with a dent in it can be put into a pan of boiling water. After a short amount of time, the dent will pop out. Determine the best reason for this occurrence.

The gas particles inside speed up due to heat and cause an increase in pressure within the ball.

How will the behavior of the gases in the piston chamber change if more pressure is applied to the piston?

The gas particles will hit the walls more frequently.

Which of these statements best supports the conclusion that a substance is in the plasma phase?

The substance contains charged particles.

What is going to happen to the volume of a gas that is put under MORE pressure while keeping the temperature constant?

The volume will decrease.

The molecules that make up a plastic two-liter bottle...

are closer together than the molecules of soda that they contain.

If you slow the motion of water molecules down, they are more likely to become...

colder.

The heating curve of an ice-water mixture that is slowly heated to 125°C contains three sloped and two level portions. What do the two level portions in the graph represent?

phase changes

Which particle has the most energy?

steam

Plasma occurs in electrical sparks. These sparks contain...

ions and electrons.

The substance is changing state from a gas to a liquid to a solid. As the temperature changes we also know that...

...there is a decrease in kinetic energy and the molecules get closer together.

Which state or states of matter take(s) the shape of its container?

liquid and gas

What is the relationship between the internal energy of a substance and its state of matter?

As the internal energy increases a substance would go from solid to a liquid.

Jenavius placed a marshmallow in the microwave to make a s'more for dessert. The marshmallow expanded when it was heated. How can you best describe why this happened?

As the marshmallow was heated the particles moved faster increasing its volume.

Jessica took a mylar balloon outside on a very cold day. As she waited for the bus the balloon began to shrink. What is the best explanation of this?

As the particles became cooler, they lost energy and moved less, resulting in less pressure on the balloon.

Ladasha placed a marshmallow in a syringe for science class when she pulled the plunger out increasing the volume in the syringe the marshmallow expanded. How can this best be explained?

As the pressure decreased in the syringe the volume of the marshmallow increased.