Science quarterly 1

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the hypothesis

A new concept that is tested in a scientific investigation is known as

stopper the flask tightly to prevent evaporation of the solution

An unsafe procedure for heating a nutrient solution in a flask would be to

enzymes

Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. Organisms living in a bog environment must be able to tolerate nitrogen-poor, acidic conditions. Bog plants such as the venus flytrap and sundew are able to obtain their nitrogen by attracting and consuming insects. These plants produce chemicals that break down the insects into usable compounds. the chemicals present in the plants that break down the insects are most likely

observe general trends in the data

Graphs of the data from laboratory investigations are used to

other researchers can replicate the experiment

a biologist reported success in breeding a tiger with a lion, producing healthy offspring. Other biologists will accept this report as fact only if

the dipeptide would digest slower or not at all

a process that occurs in the human body is shown in the diagram below dipeptide(substrate) + enzyme= enzyme-substrate complex + amino acids + enzyme. What would happen if a temperature change caused the shape of the active site to be altered

the scientist observed four deer in different locations at various times of the day

a scientist tested a hypothesis that white-tailed deer would prefer apples over corn as a primary food source. The findings of the test, in which the scientist claimed that the deer preferred apples, were published. Which research technique, if used by the scientist, might result in this claim being questioned

contained no tryptophan

a student wanted to investigate the effect of varying concentrations of tryptophan on a bacterial culture. Several cultures of the same bacterial species were grown on media, each with a different amount of tryptophan. The cultures were then incubated at 37 degrees C. At the end of 24 hours, the cultures were examined. As a control, the student should have used a culture that

2,000

a transparent metric ruler is placed on the stage of a microscope and observed under low power. The diameter of the field of vision was found to be 2 millimeters. How many micrometers is the diameter

regulation

after eating a meal, blood sugar levels are elevated. The body secretes hormones to help absorb excess sugar into cells and return blood sugar levels to normal. This is an example of

be able to be replicated to be accepted

all experiments must

working with chemicals, or heating liquids

always wear googles when

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

amino acids contain

control group and an experimental group

an experiment always has

fats and glycogen

animals store energy in the form of

excretion

as a result of their metabolic activities, many organisms produce harmful substances. These substances are eliminated by the process of

excretion

as a result of their metabolic activities, many organisms produce harmful substances. these substances are eliminated by the process of

have a ratio of hydrogen to oxygen of 2:1

carbohydrates

is not changed, it is the baseline you compare the experimental group(s) to

control group

reactions that are used to make proteins, lipids and polysaccharides

dehydration synthesis

variable that is being measured

dependent variable

saturated fats are solid at room temperature and all carbon to carbon bonds are single bonds. polyunsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature and have one or more double or triple carbon to carbon bonds

describe two chemical differences between saturated and polyunsaturated fats

specific for a given molecule or substrate. influenced by temperature and pH. Enzymes have an optimal temperature and pH, too hot or cold, too acid or basic the enzyme can lose its shape and function.

enzymes

metabolic activities

every single-celled organism is able to survive because it carries out

differs in only one variable from the control

experimental group

turns orange in the presences of monosaccharides

glucose indicator

maintaining a stable internal environment. examples include regulation of blood sugar, temperature and regulation of water loss by guard cells

homeostasis

it does not receive the experimental treatment(independent variable)

how does the control group setup in an experiment differ from the other setups in the same experiment

breaks down proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides

hydrolysis

the temperature is increased to 30 degrees C and the oh is increased to 9

if enzyme C is functioning at 25 degrees C and a ph of &, under which conditions would the rate of enzyme action probably increase

increasing temperatures altered the structure of catalase, decreasing oxygen production

if the temperature of the tissue samples used had been raised from 37 to 50, the results would have been different because

amino acids and proteins

if there were no nitrogen compounds in the soil, the most immediate effect on plants growing in that soil would be difficulty in synthesizing

iodine

in a chemical analysis of a sample of animal tissue, which element would most likely be found in the smallest quantity

water

in a living cell, which compound serves primarily as a substance in which most molecules and ions are dissolved

formulating a hypothesis

in a scientific investigation after the question is defined the next step is most likely

glycogen

in humans, excess glucose is stored as the polysaccharide known as

sources of stored energy and components of cellular membranes

in living organisms, lipids function mainly as

were the eating habits of the two groups similar

in teas, researchers gave a cholesterol-reducing drug to 2335 people and an inactive substitute (placebo) to 2081. Most of the volunteers were men who had normal cholesterol levels and no history of heart disease. After 5 years, 97 people getting the placebo had suffered heart attacks compared to only 57 people who had received the actual drug. The researchers are recommending that to help prevent heart attacks, all people(even those without high cholesterol) take these cholesterol-reducing drugs. In addition to the information above, what is another piece of information that the researchers must have before support for the recommendation can be justified

releases energy

in the cells of the human body, oxygen molecules are used directly in a process that

proteins

in what class of organic molecules would hemoglobin, insulin, albumin, and maltase, all of which are composed of chains of amino acids, be placed into

synthesis

in which process are simple materials chemically combined to form more complex materials

changed by the experimenter. it represents the idea that you are testing in your experiment

independent variable

do not contain both carbon and hydrogen. examples are water, carbon dioxide, and salt

inorganic compounds

carbon dioxide and water

inorganic molecules

atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism

levels of organization

are made from glycerol and fatty acids

lipids

its activity would slow down

meat tenderizer contains an enzyme that interacts with meat. If meat is coated with tenderizer and then placed in a refrigerator for a short time, how would the enzyme be affected

sum of all chemical reactions in a cell

metabolism

carbohydrates

molecules consisting only of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms made up a large part of a plant cell wall. These molecules are classified as

chemical bonds

more energy can be released from a fat molecule than from a glucose molecule because the fat molecule contains more

both organic and inorganic compounds

most organisms contain

another person

never point an open test tube towards

a feedback mechanism for maintaining homeostasis

on hot, dry days, guard cells often close microscopic openings in plant leaves, conserving water. This is an example of

maintain internal stability

one characteristic of all living things is that they

determines how a protein folds. folding determines its shape. a proteins function depends on its shape

order of amino acids

always contain carbon and hydrogen, examples are carbohydrates proteins, lipids and nucleic acids

organic compounds

glucose

organic molecules

synthesis

organisms combine simple molecules to form complex molecules by the process of

acidic

pH from 1-7 indicates

basic

pH from 7-14 indicates

starch

plants store carbohydrates in the form of

protease

polypeptide +water then A= amino acids which substance is represented by letter a

are made of monosaccharides

polysaccharides

turns purple in the presence of proteins

protein indicator

made up of amino acids

proteins

change shape

shrimp that live in the cold waters off alaska will die if introduced into warm water . One likely reason these shrimp do not survive is that enzymes in the shrimp

their enzymes function best at a temperature of 70 or higher

some species of bacteria thrive in very hot springs because

turns blue back in the presence of polysaccharides

starch indicator (iodine)

what an enzyme reacts with. for example protease and proteins.

substrate

no metabolic activity present

the ability to grow in size is a characteristic of living organisms. Although an icicle may grow in size over time, it is considered nonliving because there is

draw a valid conclusion for that experiment

the analysis of data gathered during a particular experiment is necessary in order to

set the extra 5 ml aside in a labeled beaker and sk the teacher for advice

the directions for a laboratory activity call for 50 milliliters (ml) of solution A. A student accidentally takes 55 ml from the stock bottle. What should the student do with the extra 5 ml of solution A

10 to 12

the effect on the reaction rate of trypsin caused by a temperature change from 40 to 50 would be the most similar to the effect caused by a change in oh from

ATP

the energy used to obtain, transfer, and transport materials within an organism comes directly from

the amount of substrate W produced in five minutes at various pH levels

the equation below represents a chemical reaction that occurs in humans. Substrate X + Substrate Y =enzyme C = Substrate W. what data should be collected to support the hypothesis that enzyme C works best in an environment that is slightly basic

dehydration synthesis

the process by which glucose is converted to starch is known as

enzymes are denatured by excessive heat

the rate of photosynthesis is reduced at temperatures above 40 because

arrangement of amino acids in the protein

the shape of a protein is originally determined by the

the shape of a molecule determines how it functions in chemical reactions

the shape of each of the molecules is important because

boiling deactivates the enzyme responsible for converting sugar to starch

the sweet taste of freshly picked corn is due to the high sugar content in the kernels. Enzyme action converts about 50% of the sugar to starch within one day after picking. To preserve its sweetness, the freshly picked corn is immersed in boiling water for a few minutes, and then cooled. which statement most likely explains why the boiled corn kernels remain sweet

chains folded differently and a different sequence of amino acids

two proteins in the same cell perform different functions. this is because the two proteins are composed of which of the following

lipids

what is the major component of plasma membranes

2:1

what is the ratio of hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms in a molecule of glucose

68%

what percentage of the human body is composed of inorganic material

the organism becomes ill or may die

what usually results when an organism fails to maintain homeostasis

repeating the experiment several times

which activity might help to increase the validity of this experiment

C12H22O11

which chemical formula represents a carbohydrate

c12h22o11

which formula represents an organic compound

H-N-H and oh-c--o

which groups are directly involved in the formation of peptide bonds

reproduction

which life function could be eliminated without affecting an individual rabbits ability to survive when food is scarce

starch-glycogen

which organic compound is correctly matched with the subunit that composes it

a lipid

which organic compound is produced when three fatty acid molecules bond to one glycerol molecule

an apple tree making its own food

which phrase is an example of autotrophic nutrition

make sure the balance weighs accurately before starting the measurement, and then record the weight for three trials and average the results.

which procedure is the most acceptable method for obtaining the accurate weight of a specimen in a laboratory experiment

photosynthesis

which process is a form of autotrophic nutrition

environmental conditions affect germination

which sentence represents a hypothesis

develop a hypothesis, select suitable laboratory materials, test the hypothesis, formulate a conclusion

which sequence of steps was most likely taken in this experiment

a current professional science journal article on the control of pathogens

which source would provide the most reliable information for use in a research project investigating the effects of antibiotics on disease-causing bacteria

only one independent variable is used for each experiment

which statement about the use of independent variables in controlled experiments is correct

it converts the food into energy for the cell

which statement best describes respiration within a cell

a theory refers to a scientific explanation that is strongly supported by a variety of experimental data

which statement best describes the term theory as used in the gene-chromosome theory

they are complex molecules made from smaller molecules

which statement describes starches, fats, proteins, and DNA

vaccinate 50 birds, do not vaccinate 50 other birds, and expose all 100 to the disease

which statement describes the best procedure to determine if a vaccine for a disease in a certain bird species is effective

the opening of the test tube is pointed towards the student and the student is not wearing goggles

which statement describes two unsafe laboratory practices

it may lead to explanations that combine data with what people already know about their surroundings

which statement most accurately describes scientific inquiry

enzymes are destroyed when they are used and must be synthesized for each reaction

which statements about enzymes is not correct

water

which substance plays a major role in most of the chemical reactions that occur in a living cell

metabolism

which term is defined as all the chemical reactions that are required to sustain life

a hypothesis may lead to further investigation even if it is disproved by the experiment

why do scientists consider any hypothesis valuable

millimeters

zebra finches are small black-and-white birds that lay eggs bout the size of a bean seed. Which unit of measurement is best for accurately measuring the length of these eggs


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