science rocks
clastic sedimentary rocks non-clastic sedimentary rocks
2 types of sedimentary rocks
igneous sedimentary metamorphic
3 types of rocks
heat pressure chemically-active fluids
agents of metamorphism
volcanic
aphanitic texture: fine-grained
weathering
breaking down of rocks to sediments
weathering
causes the disintegration of rock to smaller fragments
chemical weathering
chemical alteration or decomposition of rocks and minerals
clastics
classified on particle size
lithification
compaction and cementation of sediments to rocks
contact metamorphism
creates non-foliated rocks
plutonic
crystallized below the surface of the earth
volcanic
crystallized on the surface of the earth
physical weathering
disintegration of rocks and minerals by a physical or mechanical process
metamorphic rocks
form as a result of increasing the pressure and/or temperature on a previously existing rock to form a new rock
non-clastics
formed through evaporation and precipitation
contact metamorphism
heat and chemically-active fluid as agents
rock cycle
is a concept used to explain how the three basic rock types are related and how earth processes, over geologic time, change from one type into another
rock
is an aggregate of minerals or rocks that are coherent
igneous
is any crystalline or glassy rock that forms from cooling of a magma
plutonic
phaneritic texture: coarse-grained
regional metamorphism
pressure as agent. creates foliated metamorphic rocks. occurs at regional scale
metamorphism
refers to the changes in mineral assemblage and texture
sedimentary
rocks that form near the surface of the earth through chemical precipitation from water or by cementation of loose fragments called sediment
arenaceuos rocks
sand-sized sediments. can contain high quartz percent in composition
argillaceous rocks
sit or clay sized sediments with diameter of <0.0625. composed mainly of clay minerals
clastics
the presence of variable grain sizes is indicative of sedimentary differentiation which is actually a function of processes happening in different sedimentary environment
non-foliated
there are no alignment or layering of minerals
foliated
there are visible alignment or layering of minerals.
contact metamorphism
two types of metamorphism
plutonic volcanic
types of igneous rocks
