science rocks

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clastic sedimentary rocks non-clastic sedimentary rocks

2 types of sedimentary rocks

igneous sedimentary metamorphic

3 types of rocks

heat pressure chemically-active fluids

agents of metamorphism

volcanic

aphanitic texture: fine-grained

weathering

breaking down of rocks to sediments

weathering

causes the disintegration of rock to smaller fragments

chemical weathering

chemical alteration or decomposition of rocks and minerals

clastics

classified on particle size

lithification

compaction and cementation of sediments to rocks

contact metamorphism

creates non-foliated rocks

plutonic

crystallized below the surface of the earth

volcanic

crystallized on the surface of the earth

physical weathering

disintegration of rocks and minerals by a physical or mechanical process

metamorphic rocks

form as a result of increasing the pressure and/or temperature on a previously existing rock to form a new rock

non-clastics

formed through evaporation and precipitation

contact metamorphism

heat and chemically-active fluid as agents

rock cycle

is a concept used to explain how the three basic rock types are related and how earth processes, over geologic time, change from one type into another

rock

is an aggregate of minerals or rocks that are coherent

igneous

is any crystalline or glassy rock that forms from cooling of a magma

plutonic

phaneritic texture: coarse-grained

regional metamorphism

pressure as agent. creates foliated metamorphic rocks. occurs at regional scale

metamorphism

refers to the changes in mineral assemblage and texture

sedimentary

rocks that form near the surface of the earth through chemical precipitation from water or by cementation of loose fragments called sediment

arenaceuos rocks

sand-sized sediments. can contain high quartz percent in composition

argillaceous rocks

sit or clay sized sediments with diameter of <0.0625. composed mainly of clay minerals

clastics

the presence of variable grain sizes is indicative of sedimentary differentiation which is actually a function of processes happening in different sedimentary environment

non-foliated

there are no alignment or layering of minerals

foliated

there are visible alignment or layering of minerals.

contact metamorphism

two types of metamorphism

plutonic volcanic

types of igneous rocks


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