Science Topic 4, Lesson 1 through 4

Is a diamond a rock or a mineral? _

A diamond is a mineral.

How do glaciers move particles?

A glacier is a sheet of ice that scrapes the land as it moves and carries particles away.

Define a trench?

A long narrow sunken area under the ocean floor; underwater canyon.

Define a Physical Map?

A map that shows a landforms features.

Define Topographic Map.

A map that shows the land surface using contour lines.

Define a Resource map?

A map that shows what can be produced in or taken from an area.

In the 2nd phase of their study, the geologists will ask what removes the particles and how much material is removed over a certain period. What phenomenon will the geologists study in this part of their field work? A. Erosion B. Deposition C. Weathering D. Sedimentation

A. Erosion

Which of these describes a process in the rock cycle? A. Igneous or metamorphic rock is broken into particles or sediment. B. Sedimentary rock is formed from cooling magma under Earth's surface. C. Metamorphic rock forms when rock particles collect in a shallow sea. D. Sedimentary rock crystals form as the rock cools and becomes solid.

A. Igneous or metamorphic rock is broken into particles, or sediment.

Use the word bank to fill in the blanks. Sedimentary cycle heat igneous weathered Earth has 3 types of rock. They are connected in a pattern called the rock a.______________. b.______________ rock forms when molten material beneath Earth's surface rises and cools. That rock may get c._______________________ Into particles. Those particles collect and over time are cemented together to form d._____________________ rock. At times, great e._____________ and/or pressure can cause rock to form metamorphic rock.

A. cycle. B. Igneous C. Weathered D. Sedimentary E. Heat

How are weathering, erosion and deposition related?

After particles are weathered and eroded, they are deposited in a new place.

The geologists want to study how quickly weathering and erosion are currently happening on a mountain near a lake. What kinds of data should they collect? A. The height of the mountains B. How deep the lake, at the bottom of the mountain is. C. Average yearly rainfall and temperature. D. What kinds of vegetation can grow there

B. How deep the lake, at the bottom of the mountain is.

Geologists plan to study how long it takes for particles to become separated from the parent material. They will also study what causes the particles to separate. What phenomenon are the geologists studying? A. Earthquakes B. Deposition C. Weathering D. Sedimentation

C. Weathering

What are the 2 basic types of weathering?

Chemical weathering and physical weathering.

Which of these is the process by which rock is broken into particles? A. Sediment B. Deposition C. Erosion D. Weathering

D. Weathering

What damage evidence supports a claim that chemical weathering happened?

Deep pits or holes in rock.

How does deposition affect landforms?

Deposition can result in the formation of new land features or change the shape of landforms.

What is Deposition?

Deposition is the process in which particles moved by erosion are deposited in a new place.

Why do diamonds make good cutting tools?

Diamonds are the hardest mineral and are able to cut other materials without breaking.

Explain the process of erosion?

Erosion is the process in which weathered particles are removed from land.

What causes particles of weathered rock to be removed from land?

Gravity, wind, water and ice cause particles of weathered rock to be removed from land.

What environmental factors play a role in Earth's changing surface?

Ice, water and wind play a role in the movement of particles, which can change the Earth's surface.

How are igneous rocks formed?

Igneous rock is formed when lava or magma cools.

List the types of rocks formed throughout the rock life cycle?

Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.

Which two changes can occur to a metamorphic rock?

It can melt and become magma or it can wear away and much later form sedimentary rock.

Explain how you would sort properties of minerals?

Minerals can be sorted by what you can see (color and luster), what you can feel (hardness and texture), and what has to be tested (streak and cleavage).

Identify and label the parts of the diagram. O. ____________________ A. ____________________ B. ____________________ C. ____________________

O. humus A. topsoil B. subsoil C. parent material

What evidence supports your conclusion about Lucia's garden?

Particles of soil and weathered rock can be removed from land by water.

What causes physical weathering?

Physical weathering is caused by wind, water, ice or plants.

How can powerful plants help other plants?

Plants can break down rock by weathering, which provides conditions for new plants to grow.

Igneous rock is found along plate boundaries. Why do you think that is?

Plate boundaries have volcanoes and earth quakes.

How can chemicals in rain affect rock?

Rain can mix with chemicals in the air and interact with the rock, causing the rock to wear away or break down.

How are soil, rocks and minerals related?

Rocks are made of minerals. When rocks break down, they become the particles that make up soil.

Which type of rock contains particles from the environment that have become stuck together?

Sedimentary rock.

What is a mineral's streak?

Streak is the color of a mineral in powdered form. The powder can be seen by rubbing a mineral along a streak plate.

What part of a plant can cause physical weathering?

The plant roots cause weathering when they grow into rock

What is deposition?

The process in which particles moved by erosion are deposited in a new place.

How can the rock cycle help geologists gain a better understanding of different types of rock?

The rock cycle can be used to determine what the rock is made up of, how old it is, or where it originated.

How do some plants cause chemical weathering?

The roots of some plants produce strong chemicals.

Which statement best describes how sedimentary rocks are formed?

They form as sediment collects in layers that become stuck together.

How is a Resource Map used?

To show farming or energy.

What is a physical map used for?

To show landforms and oceans.

How is a topographic map used?

To show to flat or hilly land.

Weathering breaks down particles and erosion removes the particles. True or False.

True.

How do volcanoes form?

Volcanoes are formed when magma from within the Earth's upper mantle works its way to the surface. At the surface, it erupts to form lava flows and ash deposits. Over time as the volcano continues to erupt, it will get bigger and bigger.

Lucia planted a garden on a gentle slope. She cleared the area of five large rocks. She planted seeds. It rained on her garden about twice a week. After a few weeks, Lucia noticed a layer of mud on the concrete below the garden. Many of her plants weren't growing. What happened to Lucia's garden?

Water caused the soil to wash down the slope.

Explain how water can carry particles from one place to another?

Waves allow water to carry particles from one place to another.

Explain the rock life cycle?

Weather, such as rain, can change rocks into bits of rocks. The rock particles move and settle in new places. Particles combine and sedimentary rock is formed. Heat and pressure change the rock (metamorphic rock is formed). The rock melts and forms magma (hot liquid rock). The hot magma cools and Igneous rock is formed.

Describe how weathering can cause mountains, plateaus, and cliffs by the coast?

Weathering can cause mountains and cliffs to become smoother. It can carve out land in plateaus.

Define weathering

Weathering is the process that wears away or breaks down rock.

How are the processes of weathering and erosion related?

Weathering takes place before erosion.

Describe how wind and water act together to cause weathering?

Wind blows particles onto the surface of the rock and water washes the particles away.

What would you conclude happened to a rock that was both pitted and cracked?

You could conclude that the rock had been exposed to both chemical and physical weathering.

What might happen if you tried to grow crops in soil with little topsoil?

too little top soil means the soil is mostly rock particles. It can't support plants. The crops would not grow.

How do metamorphic rocks form?

when heat and pressure acts on a rock, the rock changes form