Scientific Method and Characteristics of Living things Review for test

Classify each of the following as biotic (alive) or abiotic (not alive). dirt

Abiotic

What is the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?

Asexual: 1 parent, makes exact clone of the parent. Sexual: 2 parents, mixing of DNA, ½ mom and ½ dad

What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph? Give an example of each.

Autotroph: makes its own food. Example: plants Heterotroph: gets food from another source. Example: humans

Classify each of the following as biotic (alive) or abiotic (not alive). tree

Biotic

Suzie Q wants to know the effect of different colors of light on the growth of plants. She believes that plants can survive best in white light. She buys 5 ferns of the same species, which are all approximately the same age and height. She places one in white light, one in blue light, one in green light, one in red light and one in the closet. All of the ferns are planted in Miracle-Grow and given 20 mL of water once a day for 2 weeks. After the two weeks, Suzie observes the plants and makes measurements. What is the control group?

Control Group: Plants in white light (normal growing conditions)

Write a hypothesis for each of the statements and identify the variables, control group, and experimental group. Eating breakfast increases performance in school. What is the Control group?

Control Group: all who eat breakfast (because this is normal)

Suzie Q wants to know the effect of different colors of light on the growth of plants. She believes that plants can survive best in white light. She buys 5 ferns of the same species, which are all approximately the same age and height. She places one in white light, one in blue light, one in green light, one in red light and one in the closet. All of the ferns are planted in Miracle-Grow and given 20 mL of water once a day for 2 weeks. After the two weeks, Suzie observes the plants and makes measurements. What is the experimental group

Different lights (red,blue closet.)

Write a hypothesis for each of the statements and identify the variables, control group, and experimental group. Eating breakfast increases performance in school. What is the Experimental group?

Experimental Group: all who don't eat breakfast

He designed a scientific experiment to test the spontaneous creation of maggots by placing fresh meat in each of two different jars. One jar was left open; the other was covered with a cloth. Days later, the open jar contained maggots, whereas the covered jar contained no maggots. He did note that maggots were found on the exterior surface of the cloth that covered the jar. He successfully demonstrated that the maggots came from fly eggs and thereby helped to disprove spontaneous generation

Francesco Redi

Mr. Krabs created a secret ingredient for a breath mint that he thinks will "cure" the bad breath people get from eating crabby patties at the Krusty Krab. He asked 100 customers with a history of bad breath to try his new breath mint. He had fifty customers (Group A) eat a breath mint after they finished eating a crabby patty. The other fifty (Group B) also received a breath mint after they finished the sandwich; however, it was just a regular breath mint and did not have the secret ingredient. Both groups were told that they were getting the breath mint that would cure their bad breath. Two hours after eating the crabby patties, thirty customers in Group A and ten customers in Group B reported having better breath than they normally had after eating crabby patties. 1. Which people are in the control group?

Group B

Name the 7 characteristics of life that we discussed in class.

Growth and development, Reproduce, Respond, Use energy, Maintain homeostasis, Are organized, Adapt and evolve (pass on DNA)

Mr. Krabs created a secret ingredient for a breath mint that he thinks will "cure" the bad breath people get from eating crabby patties at the Krusty Krab. He asked 100 customers with a history of bad breath to try his new breath mint. He had fifty customers (Group A) eat a breath mint after they finished eating a crabby patty. The other fifty (Group B) also received a breath mint after they finished the sandwich; however, it was just a regular breath mint and did not have the secret ingredient. Both groups were told that they were getting the breath mint that would cure their bad breath. Two hours after eating the crabby patties, thirty customers in Group A and ten customers in Group B reported having better breath than they normally had after eating crabby patties. 3. What is the dependent variable?

How bad their breath is

Suzie Q wants to know the effect of different colors of light on the growth of plants. She believes that plants can survive best in white light. She buys 5 ferns of the same species, which are all approximately the same age and height. She places one in white light, one in blue light, one in green light, one in red light and one in the closet. All of the ferns are planted in Miracle-Grow and given 20 mL of water once a day for 2 weeks. After the two weeks, Suzie observes the plants and makes measurements. What is the Hypothesis?

Hypothesis: Ifplants get white light, then they will grow better

Write a hypothesis for each of the statements and identify the variables, control group, and experimental group. Eating breakfast increases performance in school. What is the Hypothesis?

If I eat breakfast, then I will perform better in school

Write a hypothesis for each of the statements and identify the variables, control group, and experimental group. Eating breakfast increases performance in school. What is the Independent Variable?

Independent Variable: Breakfast Dependent Variable: Better grades

Suzie Q wants to know the effect of different colors of light on the growth of plants. She believes that plants can survive best in white light. She buys 5 ferns of the same species, which are all approximately the same age and height. She places one in white light, one in blue light, one in green light, one in red light and one in the closet. All of the ferns are planted in Miracle-Grow and given 20 mL of water once a day for 2 weeks. After the two weeks, Suzie observes the plants and makes measurements. What is the Independent variable?

Independent Variable: Type of light

What is the difference between a independent variable and a dependent variable in a controlled experiment? Provide an example.

Independent Variable: what is being tested. What I change. Example: Type of soap Dependent Variable: A result of the change I made. What you measure in the experiment. Example: The size of the bubble was 20 cm.

What is the difference between an inference and an observation? Give an example of each?

Inference: When you draw a conclusion based on a known fact or DATA. (Based on data, Dawn was the best soap.) Observation: Looking at something and write down what you see. (I saw the bird was blue, yellow, and white when it flew by.)

yes

Is the following testable hypothesis? (yes or no) If fertilizer is added to soil, then plants grow taller.

yes

Is this a testable hypothesis? (yes or no) If a person exercises, then his/her pulse rate will increase.

no

Is this a testable hypothesis? (yes or not) If I have a cat, then it's a better pet than a dog.

He constructed his own experiment by placing broth in each of two separate bottles, boiling the broth in both bottles, then sealing one bottle and leaving the other open. Days later, the unsealed bottle was teeming with small living things that he could observe more clearly with the newly invented microscope. The sealed bottle showed no signs of life. This certainly excluded spontaneous generation as a viable theory.

Lazzaro Spallanzani

He subsequently designed several bottles with S-curved necks that were oriented downward so gravity would prevent access by airborne foreign materials. He placed a nutrient-enriched broth in one of the goose-neck bottles, boiled the broth inside the bottle, and observed no life in the jar for one year. He then broke off the top of the bottle, exposing it more directly to the air, and noted life-forms in the broth within days. He noted that as long as dust and other airborne particles were trapped in the S-shaped neck of the bottle, no life was created until this obstacle was removed. He reasoned that the contamination came from life-forms in the air. He finally convinced the learned world that even if exposed to air, life did not arise from nonlife.

Louie Pasteur

What is the difference between multicellular and unicellular? Give an example of an organism for each.

Multicellular: made up of many cells Example: humans Unicellular: Made up of one cell Example: bacteria

Do all sources agree on the characteristics? Do all scientist agree on a common list of "characteristics of life"? What are the 3 characteristics all scientist agree upon? If all of the characteristics of life are required to classify something as "alive," how can we account for those individuals who are definitely alive, but that do not reproduce (for example, people without children or a sterile mule)?

Not all scientist and sources agree on the characteristics of living things. A generally accepted definition of something being "alive" if it 1) utilizes energy from some source to drive chemical reactions, 2) is capable of reproduction, and 3) can undergo evolution. When we look at characteristics of living things, like people, if one person can't reproduce we don't say they are not living because we look at a population on a single member in the species. There is still a lot of work on things like viruses but it fits into the generally accepted group but not the larger group of characteristics of living things. Maybe one day they will learn more about them to add more characteristics of living things to help all agree they are living.

Explain the difference between qualitative and quantitative observations and give an example of each.

Qualitative: Collecting data explaining using words. Descriptions. Example: the bird was yellow blue and white. Quantitative: Collecting Data using numbers. Example: 20cm.

Metric system

Scientist always report measurement using what system

DATA

Scientist analyzes the ------ collected using graphs, statistics, or tables.

Scientific Method

Scientists use these steps to gather information to solve problems. These steps make up the

Mr. Krabs created a secret ingredient for a breath mint that he thinks will "cure" the bad breath people get from eating crabby patties at the Krusty Krab. He asked 100 customers with a history of bad breath to try his new breath mint. He had fifty customers (Group A) eat a breath mint after they finished eating a crabby patty. The other fifty (Group B) also received a breath mint after they finished the sandwich; however, it was just a regular breath mint and did not have the secret ingredient. Both groups were told that they were getting the breath mint that would cure their bad breath. Two hours after eating the crabby patties, thirty customers in Group A and ten customers in Group B reported having better breath than they normally had after eating crabby patties. 2. What is the independent variable?

Special Mint

What is spontaneous generation? Give a name of a scientist who disproved it and explain their experiment.

Spontaneous generation is the idea that living organisms come from nonliving matter Scientist could be: Redi (meat in jars), Spallanzani ( used broth and flasks), or Pasteur (flasks) MAKE SURE THE EXPERIMENT IS EXPLAINED COMPLETELY

An experiment was completed look at the life cycle of a dandelion flower over a 10 day period. THe plant increased its height every day by 2cm. It also grew leaves and flowers. What characteristic of life is being identified? Define that characteristics. How do you know it is that characteristic based on data?

The Characteristics is Growth and development. The height of the plant changes of 10 days. Growth is increase in size, number, material, etc Development is Differentiation (changing) of cells

Are Organized

What characteristic of living thing best fits the information provided: Cells tiny, highly organized structures Smallest unit of life Unicellular- one cell Example: Paramecium Multicellular- more than one cell Are you multicellular or unicellular? Multicellular The human body is made up of TRILLIONS of cells Human organization is: Celltissueorgan organ system organism.

Adapt and evolve

What characteristic of living thing best fits the information provided: Living things pass on their genetic material to their offspring Genetic material genessegments of DNA Inherited instructions to make proteins Inherited change in the characteristics of organisms over time. Populations evolve, individuals do not!

Maintaining Homeostasis

What characteristic of living thing best fits the information provided: Living organisms must maintain a stable internal environment Maintain body temp., pH, etc. so that chemical reactions can take place Arctic animals have layer of fat for insulation

Use Energy

What characteristic of living thing best fits the information provided: Metabolism is: The sum of all chemical reactions carried out in an organism Living things obtain and use energy The chemical reactions of metabolism are need to release the energy in "food" Organism do this 2 ways: • Autotrophs make own food (plant) Heterotrophs eat other organisms (you!)

Respond (to the environment)

What characteristic of living thing best fits the information provided: Studied in ecology Stimulus- something that triggers a response Response- reaction to a specific stimulus

Reproduction

What characteristic of living thing best fits the information provided: Process by which organisms make more of their own kind by passing on their genetic material Asexual One parent Creates "clone"-genetic material of offspring exact same as parent Sexual Two parents Mixing of genetic material (DNA) 50% from mom, 50% from dad

growth and development

What characteristic of living thing best fits the information provided: growth--increase in size, number, material, etc. Development differentiation (changing) of cells

Observation

Which generate a problem or question

Mr. Krabs created a secret ingredient for a breath mint that he thinks will "cure" the bad breath people get from eating crabby patties at the Krusty Krab. He asked 100 customers with a history of bad breath to try his new breath mint. He had fifty customers (Group A) eat a breath mint after they finished eating a crabby patty. The other fifty (Group B) also received a breath mint after they finished the sandwich; however, it was just a regular breath mint and did not have the secret ingredient. Both groups were told that they were getting the breath mint that would cure their bad breath. Two hours after eating the crabby patties, thirty customers in Group A and ten customers in Group B reported having better breath than they normally had after eating crabby patties. 4. What should Mr. Krabs' conclusion be?

Yes because 60% had better breath.

Experiment

a procedure that tests Hypothesis by collecting data under controlled circumstances. When you conduct a scientific experiment you can only test or change one condition at a time.

Theory

a set of related hypothesis that has been tested and supported many times

Hypothesis

a testable explanation for a problem or question.

Classify each of the following as biotic (alive) or abiotic (not alive). E. coli Bacteria

abiotic

Classify each of the following as biotic (alive) or abiotic (not alive). sun

abiotic

wind

abiotic

Classify each of the following as biotic (alive) or abiotic (not alive). ameoba

biotic

Classify each of the following as biotic (alive) or abiotic (not alive). dog

biotic

Classify each of the following as biotic (alive) or abiotic (not alive). flower

biotic

Control

does not receive experimental treatment

Suzie Q wants to know the effect of different colors of light on the growth of plants. She believes that plants can survive best in white light. She buys 5 ferns of the same species, which are all approximately the same age and height. She places one in white light, one in blue light, one in green light, one in red light and one in the closet. All of the ferns are planted in Miracle-Grow and given 20 mL of water once a day for 2 weeks. After the two weeks, Suzie observes the plants and makes measurements. What is the dependent variable?

growth of plant

Independent Variable

in a controlled experiment, the one condition that is changed. (what you are testing)

growth

increase in the amount of living material

data

information gathered from an experiment

Spontaneous generation

is process by which living organisms develop from nonliving matter. It was a theory that utilized this process to explain the origin of life

Asexual reproduction

process by which a single parent produces a new organism

Homeostasis

process by which organisms respond to the environment in ways to maintain internal conditions suitable for life

Hypothesis

proposed explanation for a set of observations

Stimuli

signal to which an organism responds

Variable

something that changes in an experiment

Metabolism

the chemical reactions that an organism carries out to build up or break down food

Biogenesis

the development of life from preexisting life

Data

the information gathered during an experiment

Dependent Variable

the measurable condition that results from changing the independent variable. (What is measured)

Quantitative

the number: time, temperature, length, mass, area, or volume.

Control Group

the standard, in which all conditions are kept the same.

Experimental Group

the test group. All conditions are kept the same except the one condition being tested.

Qualitative

verbal, using words, descriptions of what is happening

Make Conclusions

you are not proving, you are Reject or support our hypothesis.