section 15 anthro
Which of the following statements about self-awareness is incorrect?
American children develop self-awareness earlier than do Ju/'hoansi children.
The _____ do not consider an infant truly "human" until they have given it a name.
Aymara Indians
Which of the following includes definitions and explanations of objects, spatial orientation, and temporal orientation, as well as culturally defined values, ideals, and standards that provide an individual with a normative orientation?
Behavioral environment
Biomedicine is the predominant medical system found in:
Europe and the United States.
About 3% of all humans are intersexed.
False
All cultures practice gender bending (creating more than two gender categories) as a way of dealing with different types of sexual categories.
False
American children are among the earliest to develop a concept of self because of the high level of social stimulation they receive.
False
Biomedicine is a traditional form of healing that is not widely accepted in the U.S.
False
Independence training is particularly characteristic of rural agrarian societies, where self-reliance and personal achievement are important traits for survival.
False
National character studies have focused on the modal characteristics of emerging Third World countries.
False
Normally, personality is like a mask that one wears, sometimes uncomfortably, throughout life. It is always external to the individual.
False
Temporal orientation allows an individual to learn about the moral values, ideals, and principles that are culturally significant.
False
The more complex a society, the fewer types of personality that are tolerated.
False
Navajo babies begin to learn the importance of community at the:
First Laugh Ceremony.
Dependence training is most often found associated with which type of society?
Foraging and subsistence societies
Same-sex sexual acts are punished by the death penalty in all of the following countries except:
Guatemala
Sadhuis a:
Hindu ascetic monk.
Which of the following refers to the idea that character traits that occur with the most frequency in a cultural society are representative of the values that culture embraces?
Modal personality
Which orientation includes standards that indicate what ranges of behavior are acceptable for males and females in a particular society?
Normative orientation
_____ is the distinctive way a person thinks, feels, and behaves.
Personality
Which of the following anthropologists argued that cultures are collective projections of a personality type?
Ruth Benedict
What does R.K. Williamson mean by the difference between the "blessed gift" and "the curse"?
These are two different cultural perspectives of intersexuality.
Both Margaret Mead and Ruth Benedict were pioneers in the culture and personality movement in anthropology.
True
Childrearing practices that foster compliance and reliance on the group are called dependency training.
True
Eunuchs in India are known as hijras.
True
It is common in many cultures for an individual to receive more than one name during their life.
True
Names are a form of social identity.
True
Schizophrenia is one of the most common of all psychoses.
True
The goal of the sadhus is to liberate themselves from the physical limitation of the mortal body.
True
The significance of the concept of tabula rasa is that it emphasizes the importance of culture rather than biological inheritance in determining an individual's characteristics.
True
The underlying structure of a mental illness may be the same, but it is expressed in a culturally-specific manner.
True
Values highly promoted by a particular culture can be considered its core values.
True
Culture-bound syndrome is another name for an ethnic psychosis.
True
What is the fear reaction of being bewitched found among Algonquian hunters?
Windigo
The personality typical of a society, as indicated by the central tendency of a defined frequency distribution, is called:
a modal personality.
An ethnic psychosis refers to:
a psychosis characterized by symptoms peculiar to a particular group.
In Western countries, a psychological disorder known as _____ occurs most frequently among young women in which a preoccupation with thinness produces a refusal to eat. This is an example of a culture-bound syndrome.
anorexia nervosa
All of the following statements about biomedicine are correct except:
biomedicine is a completely Western approach to medicine.
A study of childrearing among the Ju/'hoansi of Africa indicates that:
boys and girls are raised in a very similar manner and are both mild-mannered and self-reliant.
All of the following are associated with eunuchs except:
castration was always carried out as a public ritual in societies where it had meaning.
An alternative to the concept of national character is:
core values.
Another name for an ethnic psychosis is a:
culture-bound syndrome.
In studying three societies in New Guinea, Margaret Mead found that the roles played by men and women were determined primarily by:
culture.
Childrearing practices that encourage compliance in performing tasks and dependence upon the group rather than on the individual is called:
dependence training.
In traditional Ju/'hoansi society, fathers and mothers alike show great indulgence to children. A result of this indulgence is that the children:
do not fear or respect men more than they do women.
Ideal "cultural personality" traits among Yanomamo men would include being:
fierce and humorous.
People who are born with reproductive organs, genitalia, and/or sex chromosomes that are not exclusively male or female are called:
intersexuals.
An individual's personality is all of the following except:
is never part of the internalized awareness of the person.
Several years ago, the Italian tourism minister commented on the "typical characteristics" of Germans, causing a huge controversy as to whether or not a people could be labeled. This labeling and grouping is called:
national character.
the core value to which European Americans subscribe is:
rugged individualism.
Living in a tropical environment where one learns to orient oneself through a vertical landscape of tall trees and speckled light is part of:
spatial orientation.
You are studying the modal personality of a particular group of people by giving them Rorschach tests. In American society, a response to the white background (the PG on which the inkblots are placed) has been associated with the psychological trait of negativism. You are puzzled because you are getting a lot of white responses, but the people don't appear to be negative in other respects. Then you find out that their favorite color is white, and that they are treating the color of the PG not as a background but as a part of the design of the inkblot. This is an example of one of the problems faced by people trying to measure modal personality, which is that:
tests devised in one cultural setting may not be appropriate in another.
Enculturation begins with the development of self-awareness, which may be defined as:
the ability to identify oneself as an object, to react and appraise oneself.
People who cross over or occupy an intermediate position in the binary male-female gender construction are called:
transgenders
In today's Native American societies, the preferred term to describe an individual who falls between the categories of "man" and "woman" is known as:
two-spirit.
All of the following statements about the naming ceremony are true except:
all cultures have some ceremony to mark the naming of a child.
John Locke's theory of tabula rasa was not sufficient because it did not:
take genetic contributions into account.
Which of the following statements is not correct?
Culture is biologically inherited.
A society with extensive types of childcare, a desire to make the individual feel socially attached and generally free of stranger anxiety, and with high levels of sharing and social involvement would most likely have what type of training or children?
Interdependence
Which anthropologist stated that the purpose of anthropology is to "make the world safe for human differences"?
Ruth Benedict
