sectional test 2
There are three layers of intercostal muscles:
(1) external (2) internal (3) innermost.
The branches of the aortic arch are, from right to left:
- Brachiocephalic trunk or innominate artery - Left common carotid artery - Left subclavian artery
describe the Ligamentum nuchae:
- Broad band from external occipital protuberance to cervical spinous processes - Site of muscle attachments
describe the right lymphatic duct:
- Drains the right upper side of the body - Empties into the right subclavian vein
describe the Alar ligaments:
- Dual bands extend from sides of odontoid to occipital condyles - Function to limit rotation and flexion of head
describe the Transverse ligament:
- Extends across C1 to form a sling over posterior odontoid - Also called the cruciform ligament because of its cross shape
describe the Apical ligament:
- Extends from apex of odontoid to anterior foramen magnum
describe the thoracic duct:
- Main vessel of the lymphatic system - Drains from below the diaphragm and the left side of the body above the diaphragm - Begins at L2 and passes into the thoracic cavity through the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm - Empties into the left subclavian vein
describe the right ventricle:
- Receives blood from right atria - Pumps blood though pulmonary semilunar valve into pulmonary artery
describe the left ventricle:
- Receives blood from the left atria - Pumps blood through aorta semilunar valve into aorta
describe the right atrium:
- Receives deoxygenated blood from superior and inferior vena cavae - Pumps blood through right atrioventricular (AV), or tricuspid, valve into right ventricle
describe the left atrium:
- Receives oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins - Pumps blood through left AV, or mitral, valve into left ventricle
describe the intercostal muscles:
- The external muscles act primarily to elevate the ribs during inspiration - The internal group is most active in expiration, moving the ribs inferiorly - The innermost group assists the internal group.
functions of the pharyngeal muscles:
- move the tongue - constrict and elevate the pharynx and larynx during swallowing and speaking
what are the 2 spinal column ligaments?
1. Anterior Longitudinal Ligament 2. Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
what are the 3 major veins of the spinal cord?
1. Anterior and posterior central veins 2. Radial veins 3. Anterior and posterior median (spinal) veins
what are the 4 major arteries of the spinal cord?
1. Anterior spinal artery (1) 2. Posterior spinal arteries (2) 3. Spinal branches 4. Great anterior radicular artery
what are the 5 great vessels of the heart?
1. Aorta 2. Pulmonary arteries 3. Pulmonary veins 4 Superior vena cava 5. Inferior vena cava
what are the 3 hiatuses of the diaphragm?
1. Aortic hiatus Allows passage of the descending aorta, azygos vein, and thoracic duct 2. Caval hiatus Allows passage of the inferior vena cava and the right phrenic nerve 3. Esophageal hiatus Allows passage of the esophagus and the vagus nerve
2 types of valves in the heart:
1. Atrioventricular (AV) valves 2. The semilunar (SL) valves
unique feature(s) of left lung:
1. Cardiac notch on medial surface of superior lobe 2. Lingula - tongue-like flap that lies over the heart
Two pockets are located within each pleural cavity that function to allow room for the lungs to expand. The spaces are named:
1. Costodiaphragmatic Lateral pocket at junction of ribs and diaphragm 2. Costomediastinal Anterior pocket at junction of mediastinum and costal cartilage
The spinal cord is protected and surrounded by three layers of meninges:
1. Dura mater - tough outer layer 2. Arachnoid mater 3. Pia mater
what are the 3 layers of the heart?
1. Endocardium Thin, inner endothelial layer 2. Myocardium Thick, muscular middle layer 3. Epicardium Thin, outer layer in contact with pericardium
The pharyngeal muscles are divided into three groups:
1. External (circular) muscles 2. Internal (longitudinal) muscles 3. Tongue muscles
what are the 2 layers of the pericardium?
1. Fibrous pericardium Attached to the diaphragm 2. Serous pericardium 2 layers Space between layers contains serous fluid for lubrication of the tissues during heart motion
what are the 4 cervical ligaments?
1. Ligamentum nuchae 2. Apical ligament 3. Alar ligaments 4. Transverse ligament
3 parts of the sternum:
1. Manubrium - superior portion 2. Body 3. Xiphoid - inferior process
what are the 3 sections of the pharynx?
1. Nasopharynx 2. oropharynx 3. laryngopharynx
what are the 2 layers of the serous pericardium?
1. Parietal pericardium Adheres to fibrous pericardium 2. Visceral pericardium Also called the epicardium Adheres closely to heart muscle and proximal portion of great vessels
what are the 2 primary coronary arteries?
1. Right coronary artery 2. left coronary artery
list the 3 Subgroups of the deep muscles, listed from the most superficial to the deepest:
1. Semispinalis 2. Multifidus 3. Rotatores
The breast is composed of three tissue layers:
1. Subcutaneous 2. Mammary 3. Retromammary
what are the 3 deep cervical fascia layers of the face?
1. Superficial (investing) layer 2. Middle (visceral) layer 3. Deep (prevertebral) layer
what are the two apertures, or openings, that are associated with the thorax:
1. Thoracic inlet 2. Thoracic outlet
The 4 primary muscles of the posterior triangle are the:
1. Trapezius 2. Levator scapulae 3. Splenius capitis 4. Scalene muscle group (anterior, middle, and posterior)
what are the 4 peripheral nerve plexuses?
1. cervical 2. brachial 3. lumbar 4. sacral
what are the 2 areas where the spinal cord is enlarged?
1. cervical 2. lumbar
primary features of the oropharynx?
1. palatine tonsils 2. lingual tonsils 3. valleculae
what are the 2 primary terminal collection lymphatic vessels of the thoracic cavity?
1. thoracic duct 2. Right lymphatic duct
Generally, each lobe of the lung has how many segments?
10
How many thoracic vertebrae are there?
12
left lung has how many lobes?
2
right lung has how many lobes?
3
how many quadrants does each breast have?
4
how many sections of the coccyx are there?
4
what. brings oxygenated blood to the left atrium?
4 pulmonary veins
how many sections of the sacrum are there?
5
How many cervical vertebrae are there?
7
which valves are connected to the heart wall by papillary muscles and chordae tendineae?
AV valves
This strong, thick ligament begins as a continuation of the atlantoaxial ligament and attaches inferiorly to the sacrum:
Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
what are the two small veins that drain directly into the right atrium?
Anterior cardiac veins
describe the structure of the larynx:
Approximately nine cartilaginous C-shaped rings form the anterior, medial, and lateral walls, while the posterior aspect is a flexible membrane
All of the following are elements of the bony thorax except for: a. Ribs b. Thoracic vertebrae c. Scapulae d. Sternum
C
where do the cervical peripheral nerves arise from?
C1-C4
where is the larynx located?
C3-C6
where are the brachial peripheral nerve plexuses located?
C5-T1
where is the cerebrospinal fluid located?
Central canal
Origin of the diaphragm:
Central tendon at the center that attaches immediately below and blends with the pericardium
_________ is the main vein of the heart
Coronary sinus
Openings in the diaphragm that allow structures to pass from the thorax to the abdomen=
Hiatuses
function of the anterior longitudinal ligament:
It is slightly thicker in the thoracic spine region and serves to prevent hyperextension of the spine
where is the sacral peripheral nerve plexus located?
L4-S4
where is the lumbar peripheral nerve plexus located?
T12-L4
The trachea bifurcates into the right and left primary bronchi at about the level of:
T5
what are the borders of the larynx?
The upper border of the larynx is the laryngopharynx and the lower border ends at the trachea
All of the following are major arteries of the neck, except for: a. Brachiocephalic artery b. Common carotid artery c. Vertebral artery d. External carotid artery
a
On the left side of the tracheobrochial tree, there are ______ secondary bronchi. a. 2 b. 3 c. 5 d. 10
a
The cone-shaped end of the spinal cord is called the: a. Conus medullaris b. Cauda equina c. Arachnoid mater d. Dorsal horn
a
The diaphragm originates at the: a. Central tendon b. Crura c. Visceral pericardium d. Bodies of L1 through L3
a
The intercostal muscles layers include the: (1) External intercostals (2) Internal intercostals (3) Intermediate intercostals a. 1 and 2 only b. 1 and 3 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
a
The laryngeal muscle that acts as a powerful vocal fold adductor is the: a. Arytenoid transverse oblique b. Vocalis c. Posterior cricoarytenoid d. Cricothyroid
a
The ligament of the spine that helps to prevent hyperextension is the: a. Anterior longitudinal ligament b. Posterior longitudinal ligament c. Supraspinous ligament d. Interspinous ligament
a
The ligament that extends from the apex of the odontoid process to the anterior margin of the foramen magnum is the: a. Apical ligament b. Alar ligament c. Anterior longitudinal ligament d. Ligamentum nuchae
a
The main lymphatic vessel is the: a. Thoracic duct b. Primary lymphatic duct c. Aortic duct d. Cardiac duct
a
The muscles that belong in the superficial group of spinal muscles are the: (1) Splenius capitis (2) Splenius cervicis (3) Splenius thoracis a. 1 and 2 only b. 1 and 3 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
a
The portions of the tracheobronchial tree that enter each lobe of the lungs are termed: a. Secondary bronchi b. Tertiary bronchi c. Terminal bronchi d. Acini bronchi
a
The superior thoracic aperture is also called the: a. Thoracic inlet b. Thoracic outlet c. Thoracic foramen d. Upper costal space
a
The tongue muscle that functions to move the tongue backward is the: a. Hypoglossus b. Genioglossus c. Styloglossus d. Palatoglossus
a
The trachea functions to convey: a. Air to the lungs b. Food to the stomach c. Food and air for the respiratory and digestive systems d. Lymph fluid to the venous blood
a
Which cervical lymph nodes are located in Region Ia? a. Submental b. Submandibular c. Upper internal jugular d. Lower facial nodes
a
Which chamber of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins? a. Left atrium b. Right atrium c. Right ventricle d. Left ventricle
a
Which great vessel drains the head, neck, and upper limbs? a. Superior vena cava b. Inferior vena cava c. Azygos vein d. Hemiazygos vein
a
Which group of deep muscles attaches at the T1-T11 laminae? a. Rotatores b. Multifidus c. Semispinalis thoracis d. Erector spinae thoracic
a
Which of the following is located in the posterior portion of the inferior compartment of the mediastinum? (1) Azygos vein (2) Thoracic duct (3) Thyroid gland a. 1 and 2 only b. 1 and 3 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
a
Which of the following is part of the retromammary layer of the breast tissues? (1) Muscles (2) Deep connective tissues (3) Lactiferous ducts a. 1 and 2 only b. 1 and 3 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
a
Which portion of the spinal cord is drained by the anterior and posterior central veins? a. The central gray matter b. The white matter c. The meninges d. The cauda equina
a
Which portion of the vertebral column has unique foramina that transmit the vertebral artery and vein? a. Cervical b. Thoracic c. Lumbar d. Sacrum
a
the 1st vessel to branch off the aortic arch is the: A. brachiocephaglic artery B. left common carotid C. left subclavian D. left vertebral
a
how many lymph nodes in the neck?
a little more than one-third of the body's lymph nodes with as many as 75 dispersed on each side
the inferior point of the heart is known as the:
apex
where do the coronary arteries anastomose?
at the heart apex when the anterior and posterior descending arteries join.
where is the thyroid gland located?
at the level of the cricoid cartilage, which is the base of the larynx and the beginning of the trachea
C1 is aka:
atlas
C2 is aka:
axis
The ___________ provides collateral circulation between the superior and inferior vena cavae
azygos venous system
All of the following are primary muscles of respiration, except for the: a. Intercostals b. Pectoralis major c. Serratus posterior d. Diaphragm
b
Lymph nodes are easily recognizable on sectional images: a. When they are normal b. When they are abnormal c. Only when contrast is administered d. At the level of the carina
b
Some of the muscles of the pharynx are grouped into ____ groups. a. Suprahyoid and infrahyoid b. Internal (longitudinal) and external (circular) c. Anterior and posterior d. Prevertebral and postvertebral
b
The inferior border of the superior compartment of the mediastinum is: a. A coronal plane through T4. b. A horizontal plane at the level of the sternal angle and T4-T5. c. A sagittal plane through the hila. d. A horizontal plane at the level of the lung apices.
b
The largest of the salivary glands are the: a. Sublingual b. Parotid c. Submaxillary d. Parathyroid
b
The natural curve of the lumbar portion of the vertebral column is: a. Kyphotic b. Lordotic c. Scoliotic d. The lumbar portion does not have a natural curve.
b
The posterior border of the anterior portion of the inferior compartment of the mediastinum is the: a. Sternum b. Pericardium c. Thoracic vertebrae d. T4-T5 level
b
The suprahyoid muscles of the anterior triangle of the neck include all of the following, except for: a. Digastric b. Omohyoid c. Stylohyoid d. Geniohyoid
b
The suspensory (Cooper's) ligaments of the breast are part of the ____ tissue layer of the breast. a. Subcutaneous b. Mammary c. Retromammary d. Supportive
b
The thyroid is part of the ___ body system. a. Digestive b. Endocrine c. Respiratory d. Lymphatic (immune)
b
Which ligament is located between the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae? a. Posterior longitudinal ligament b. Interspinous ligament c. Ligamentum flavum d. Supraspinous ligament
b
Which of the following bony thorax articulations occurs between the tubercle of the rib and the transverse process of the thoracic vertebra? a. Costovertebral joint b. Costotransverse joint c. Costochondral joint d. Interchondral joint
b
Which opening in the diaphragm allows the passage of the vagus nerve and esophagus? a. Aortic hiatus b. Esophageal hiatus c. Vagal hiatus d. Crural hiatus
b
Which plexus arises from C5-C8 and T1? a. Cervical b. Brachial c. Lumbar d. Sacral
b
Which portion of the vertebral column has a natural kyphotic curve? a. Cervical b. Thoracic c. Lumbar d. A kyphotic curve is an abnormal curvature of the spine.
b
pulmonary veins bring blood to the: a. right atrium b. left atrium c. right ventricle d. left ventricle
b
which of the following is located between the thoracic vertebrae and trachea? a. aorta b. esophagus c. thoracic duct d. azygos vein
b
which of the following is not considered a mediastinal structure? a. heart b. lungs c. trachea d. thymus gland
b
The pharynx extends from _______ to ________
base of skull to esophagus
All of the following are muscles in the intermediate layer of spinal muscles, except for: a. Iliocostalis cervicis b. Spinalis thoracic c. Semispinalis cervicis d. Longissimus capitis
c
How does the pectoralis major muscle of the anterior thoracic wall assist with respiration? a. It assists the pectoralis major during forced inspiration. b. It elevates the ribs during expiration. c. It helps expand the thoracic cavity for deep inspiration. d. It helps contract the thorax during forced expiration.
c
How many arteries pass down the posterior aspect of the spinal cord? a. None b. One c. Two d. Three
c
How many layers of meninges protect the spinal cord? a. One b. Two c. Three d. None. The meninges are the protective covering of the brain
c
The fissures are lined by: a. Both layers of the pleura b. Parietal pleura c. Visceral pleura d. Specialized fibrous tissue
c
The heart and great vessels are located in the _____ compartment of the mediastinum. a. superior b. anterior portion of inferior c. middle portion of inferior d. posterior portion of inferior
c
The largest vein of the neck is the: a. External iliac vein b. Common carotid vein c. Internal jugular vein d. Anterior jugular vein
c
The layer of the heart wall that is in contact with the pericardium is the: a. Endocardium b. Myocardium c. Epicardium d. Perimyocardium
c
The lymph nodes of the thorax are generally found clustered around all of the following, except for: a. Esophagus b. Bronchi c. Intercostal muscles d. Great vessels
c
The main vein of the heart is the: a. Great cardiac vein b. Anterior cardiac veins c. Coronary sinus d. Left posterior ventricular vein
c
The most inferior portion of the pharynx is the: a. Nasopharynx b. Oropharnyx c. Laryngopharynx d. Tracheopharynx
c
The right lung has ____ lobes and the left lung has ____ lobes. a. 1; 2 b. 2; 3 c. 3; 2 d. 3; 1
c
The sacral plexus exits from the levels of: a. L1-S1 b. T12-S2 c. L4-S4 d. L2-S2
c
The vein that provides collateral circulation for the thorax is the: a. Superior vena cava b. Inferior vena cava c. Azygos vein d. Brachiocephalic veins
c
Which artery supplies the inferior two-thirds of the spinal cord? a. Anterior spinal artery b. Posterior spinal arteries c. Great anterior radicular artery d Spinal branch at T10
c
Which ligament extends across C1 to form a sling over the posterior odontoid? a. Alar ligament b. Apical ligament c. Transverse ligament d. Atlantoaxial ligament
c
Which neck space is located between the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles? a. Prevertebral b. Perivertebral c. Posterior cervical d. Visceral
c
collateral circulation between the superior and inferior vena caves is supplied by the: A. thoracic veins B. subclavian veins C. azygos veins D. intercostal veins
c
another name for the medial angel of the lung is the:
cardiophrenic sulcus
where are the lymph nodes in the thoracic cavity?
clustered near the great vessels, esophagus, carina of the trachea, and the bronchi.
The lungs are _______ shaped
cone
function of the laryngeal muscles:
control the vocal cords and glottis
The __________ binds the ribs to the sternum to support the anterior thorax.
costal cartilage
the lateral angle of the lung is termed the:
costophrenic sulcus
the diaphragm is attached to the lumbar spine via:
crura
Lymph drainage for the right upper side of the body is provided by the: a. Hemiazygos vein b. Azygos vein c. Thoracic duct d. Right lymphatic duct
d
The borders of the superior thoracic aperture include the: (1) First thoracic vertebra (2) First pair of ribs (3) Manubrium of sternum a. 1 and 2 only b. 1 and 3 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
d
The larynx functions to: a. Transmit substances for both the respiratory and digestive systems b. Convey food from the mouth to stomach Incorrect c. Secrete saliva to aid in digestion d. Produce the voice and other sounds
d
The narrow upper portion of the lung is termed the: a. Base b. Diaphragm c. Hilum d. Apex
d
The superficial muscles of the spinal column act together to: a. Flex the spine laterally b. Turn and rotate the trunk c. Flex the head and neck d. Extend the head and neck
d
The thickest, strongest muscle in the heart is located in the: a. right atrium b. left atrium c. right ventricle d. left ventricle
d
The tough outer covering of the heart that is attached to the diaphragm is the: a. Visceral pericardium b. Parietal pericardium c. Serous pericardium d. Fibrous pericardium
d
Where are the parathyroid glands located? a. Along the interior border of the mandibular body b. Just inferior to the gonion c. Just anterior to the auricle of the ear d. Along the posterior aspect of the thyroid lobes
d
Which ligament functions to preserve the natural curves of the spine? a. Supraspinous ligament b. Anterior longitudinal ligament c. Interspinous ligament d. Ligamentum flavum
d
Which neck space lies posterior to the retropharyngeal space (RPS) and anterior to the prevertebral fascia? a. Perivertebral space b. Carotid space c. Parapharyngeal space d. Danger space
d
Which of the following are located in the posterior triangle of the neck? (1) Trapezius (2) Levator scapulae (3) Anterior scalene a. 1 and 2 only b. 1 and 3 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
d
Which of the following articulates with the sternum? a. Heads of the ribs b. Tubercles of the ribs c. Angles of the ribs d. Costal cartilages of the ribs
d
Which of the following veins collect blood from the small radial veins? a. Anterior and posterior central veins b. Greater radial veins c. Anterior and posterior radicular veins d. Anterior and posterior median (spinal) veins
d
superior vena cava is formed by the junction of the: a. internal jugular veins b. external jugular veins c. subclavian veins d. brachiocephalic veins
d
the aorta arises from the: a. right atrium b. left atrium c. right ventricle d. left ventricle
d
which of the following makes up the apex of the heart: a. right atrium b. left atrium c. right ventricle d. left ventricle
d
what does the phrenic nerve innervate?
diaphragm
During inspiration, the diaphragm moves _________ allowing the lungs to expand more and enlarging the thoracic cavity.
downward
whats located between the pericardium and the heart wall and is most prominent around the inflow and outflow of the heart?
epicardial fat
the oropharynx is separated from larynx by _________
epiglottis
The ________ is the proximal passageway for the gastrointestinal tract,
esophagus
what is the soft tissue structure just posterior to the trachea and anterior to the vertebral structures?
esophagus
whats the largest lumbar peripheral nerve plexus?
femoral nerve
How many lumbar vertebrae are there?
five
The sacrum has openings, called ________, that transmit spinal nerves to the periphery
foramina
describe the parathyroid glands:
four in all with two on each posterior aspect of the thyroid lobes
there superior vena cava collects blood from the:
head, neck, upper limbs, and thorax
located on the medial wall of each lung and is the location of openings for vessels and bronchi:
hilum
the laryngopharynx is located between the _______ and ______
hyoid bone and the level of the larynx and esophagus
the ____________, formed by the articulations of the vertebrae, transmit the spinal nerves of the peripheral nervous system.
intervertebral foramina
Anteriorly, the two lobes of the thyroid are connected by a strip of tissue termed the _________
isthmus
The thoracic portion of the vertebral column has a natural ________ curve.
kyphotic
the ________ continues as the esophagus at the level of the laryngeal cricoid cartilage
laryngopharynx
whats the narrowest part of the pharynx?
laryngopharynx
_______ is our voice box
larynx
the nanopharynx conveys air from nasal cavity to _______
larynx
The _____________ is somewhat v-shaped and lies against the lamina on each side, forming a portion of the posterior surface of the vertebral canal. It connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae from C2 to S1.
ligamentum flavum
_______ are portions of lungs and are created by fissures and lined by pleura
lobes
what are the 2 prevertebral muscles?
longus capitis and longus colli
what type of natural curvature do the cervical vertebrae have?
lordotic
the _____ layer off the breast consists of glandular tissue, excretory ducts, and connective tissues
mammary
what does the lumbar peripheral nerve plexus innervate?
medial thigh muscles and lower abdominopelvic area
The spinal cord is an extension of the ___________ of the brain
medulla oblongata
the ______ is the middle muscular layer of the heart wall
myocardium
the heart is lined by a serous membrane called the:
pericardium
the heart is protected by the:
pericardium
what are the 2 primary features of the nasopharynx?
pharyngeal tonsils and auditory (Eustachian) tube
The _________ is the proximal passage for both the respiratory and digestive tracts
pharynx
whats the primary cervical peripheral nerve?
phrenic
primary feature of the laryngopharynx?
piriform recesses
The ________ are groups of peripheral nerves involved with the spinal cord
plexuses
which is narrower, the posterior or anterior longitudinal ligament?
posterior
what does the sacral peripheral nerve plexus innervate?
posterior pelvis, thigh, and feet
function of the posterior longitudinal ligament:
provides support and stability, helping to prevent hyperflexion by attaching to the posterior vertebral bodies and intervertebral disks
function of lymph nodes:
receive lymphatic fluid from the lymph vessels and filter toxins before returning the fluid to venous blood.
muscle that lies deep to the trapezius muscle=
rhomboid
what supplies blood the the right atrium and right ventricle of the heart?
right coronary artery
The brachiocephalic artery immediately gives rise to the __________ and ___________ at about the level of the right sternoclavicular joint.
right subclavian and right common carotid arteries
whats the major nerve of the sacral peripheral nerve plexus?
sciatic
what do the brachial peripheral nerve plexuses innervate?
shoulder and upper limb
the oropharynx is located between the ______ and ______
soft palate and the hyoid bone
the nasopharynx is bordered inferiorly by ______ and _______
soft palate and uvula
The ____________ is one of the largest veins in the body
superior vena cava
The _____________ is a continuation of the ligamentum nuchae. It begins at the C7 spinous process and connects the tips of all of the spinous processes of the vertebral column to the top of the sacrum.
supraspinous ligament
the secondary bronchi further divide into:
tertiary bronchi
______ is the primary muscle of respiration
the diaphragm
_________ divides the thoracic and abdominal cavities
the diaphragm
the spinal cord extends from ______ to ______
the foramen magnum to the L1-L2 disk space
The trachea divides into two main, or primary, bronchi at what level?
the level of the carina
the "dens" is aka:
the odontoid process
There is one muscle, other than the SCM, that borders both triangles of the neck:
the omohyoid
The neck is divided into two major regions by what?
the sternocleidomastoid muscle
what allows for the passage of nerves, vessels, and viscera from the neck into the thoracic cavity?
thoracic inlet
the thymus gland produces a hormone known as _______ thats responsible for the development and maturation of lymphocytes
thymosin
The neck is the location of two important glands of the endocrine system: the ______ and the _______
thyroid and parathyroid glands
In sectional images of the neck in the axial plane, the _________ is readily identified as the air-filled, oval-shaped structure anterior to the vertebral column and soft tissue shadow of the esophagus.
trachea
The deep muscles of the spine are collectively referred to as the ___________ group.
transversospinal
The diaphragm moves _________ during expiration
upward
spinal cord is protected by the _________
vertebral foramen
the __________ provides for the passage of the spinal cord
vertebral foramen