Seeley's Anatomy & Physiology Midterm 2 Ch 4-8

54) The figure illustrates a medial view of bones of the right foot. What does "E" represent? Calcaneus Fibula Metatarsals Tibia Talus

Metatarsals

Lateral view of the skull, E=

Sphenoid

Lateral view of the skull, B=

Temporal

41) Select the types of angular movements allowed at synovial joints. (Check all that apply.) A) Abduction B) Extension C) Flexion D) Pronation E) Rotation F) Supination

A) Abduction B) Extension C) Flexion

7) What is the examination of a dead body to determine the cause of death or to study the changes caused by a disease? A) Autopsy B) Biopsy C) Histology D) Embryology E) All of the choices are correct.

A) Autopsy

38) Which of the following is associated with nervous tissue? A) Axon B) Desmosome C) Intercalated disc D) Lacuna E) Osteocyte

A) Axon

5) Which type of skin cancer is the most common? A) Basal cell carcinoma B) Squamous cell carcinoma C) Melanoma D) Kaposi sarcoma E) Psoriasis

A) Basal cell carcinoma

44) The dermis contains receptors that detect which of the following sensations? (Check all that apply.) A) Changes in pressure B) pH differences C) Pain D) Touch E) Variations in temperature

A) Changes in pressure C) Pain D) Touch E) Variations in temperature

10) Which of the following categories of epithelium is based on cell shape? A) Columnar B) Keratinized C) Stratified D) Transitional E) Simple

A) Columnar

48) Identify the embryonic germ layers. (Check all that apply.) A) Ectoderm B) Endoderm C) Epiderm D) Exoderm E) Mesoderm

A) Ectoderm B) Endoderm E) Mesoderm

8) Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A) Endoderm - bone B) Mesoderm - muscle C) Ectoderm - skin D) Neuroectoderm - nervous system E) Neural crest cells - peripheral nervous system, skin pigment, tissues of the face

A) Endoderm - bone

28) What is the end of a long bone? A) Epiphysis B) Sharpey's fibers C) Growth plate D) Medullary cavity E) Endosteum

A) Epiphysis

3) Which type of tissue forms linings or coverings? A) Epithelial tissue B) Connective tissue C) Muscle tissue D) Nervous tissue

A) Epithelial tissue

49) Indicate the class of tissue that is capable of regeneration, is avascular, and consists of cells that are bound to each other via specialized junctions. A) Epithelial tissue B) Connective tissue C) Muscle tissue D) Nervous tissue

A) Epithelial tissue

19) Which type of gland possesses ducts? A) Exocrine B) Endocrine C) Ectocrine D) Epicrine E) Hypocrine

A) Exocrine

55) The figure illustrates bones of the right lower limb. What does "A" represent? A) Femur B) Fibula C) Tarsals D) Tibia E) Patella

A) Femur

28) What is the most commonly dislocated joint in the body? A) Glenohumeral joint B) Temporomandibular joint C) Humeroulnar joint D) Hip joint E) Knee joint

A) Glenohumeral joint

35) Which type of connective tissue forms most of the skeleton before it is replaced by bone? A) Hyaline cartilage B) Fibrocartilage C) Elastic cartilage D) Dense irregular elastic tissue E) Dense regular collagenous tissue

A) Hyaline cartilage

40) Which of the following is NOT a direct effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)? A) Increased Ca2+ uptake by the small intestine B) Increased vitamin D formation in the kidneys C) Increased Ca2+ reabsorption by the kidneys D) Decreased Ca2+ loss by the kidneys E) All of the choices are direct effects of PTH.

A) Increased Ca2+ uptake by the small intestine

42) Indicate the statements that describe erythema. (Check all that apply.) A) It can be caused by emotions such as anger. B) It occurs during pregnancy when estrogen and melanocyte-stimulating hormone levels have increased. C) It may occur in response to exposure to the cold. D) It results from an inflammatory response. E) It can be caused by emotions such as embarrassment.

A) It can be caused by emotions such as anger. C) It may occur in response to exposure to the cold. D) It results from an inflammatory response. E) It can be caused by emotions such as embarrassment.

22) Which type of cell releases chemicals in response to injury and plays an important role in inflammation? A) Mast cell B) Adipocyte C) Osteoclast D) Stem cell E) Macrophage

A) Mast cell

23) Which of the following pairs of terms are opposites? A) Plantar flexion - dorsiflexion B) Abduction - extension C) Inversion - retraction D) Pronation - rotation E) Elevation - protraction

A) Plantar flexion - dorsiflexion

5) Mary Lu is experiencing pain from her sacroiliac joint. In what region of her body is she most likely feeling pain? A) Posterior pelvic region B) Anterior pelvic region C) Cervical region D) Lumbar region E) Thoracic region

A) Posterior pelvic region

4) This condition is characterized by a thicker-than-normal stratum corneum producing large silvery scales. A) Psoriasis B) Decubitus ulcer C) Bullae D) Vitiligo E) Eczema

A) Psoriasis

57) The figure illustrates bones of the right upper limb. What does "B" represent? A) Radius B) Carpals C) Phalanges D) Metacarpals E) Ulna

A) Radius

21) Vitamin C is essential for normal collagen synthesis. If a child suffered from a vitamin C deficiency, which layer of the skin would be most affected? A) Reticular layer of dermis B) Stratum corneum C) Stratum granulosum D) Epidermis E) Stratum basale

A) Reticular layer of dermis

68) Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton? A) Rib B) Radius C) Clavicle D) Scapula E) Hipbone

A) Rib

24) Which of the following correctly matches the bone type with an example? A) Short bone - carpal bone B) Long bone - vertebra C) Irregular bone - femur D) Flat bone - phalanges of the toes E) Short bone - humerus

A) Short bone - carpal bone

44) Which of the following paranasal sinuses would most likely result in discomfort of the ears? A) Sphenoidal sinus B) Frontal sinus C) Ethmoidal sinus D) Maxillary sinus

A) Sphenoidal sinus

46) Hank was involved in a car accident during which a flat bone in the anterior region of his thorax was fractured. Which bone is most likely the one that was fractured? A) Sternum B) Thoracic vertebra C) Clavicle D) Scapula

A) Sternum

45) Kevin was playing softball with some friends and was hit in the face by a ball fracturing one of the bones. Select the bone matched with its proper description that was most likely fractured? A) Zygomatic bone - irregular B) Temporal bone - short C) Occipital bone - flat D) Nasal bone - flat

A) Zygomatic bone - irregular

35) Lyme disease is A) a bacterial infection transmitted by ticks. B) an inflammation of any joint. C) a metabolic disorder caused by increased uric acid in blood. D) a condition that may involve an autoimmune disease. E) the most common type of arthritis.

A) a bacterial infection transmitted by ticks.

26) Eccrine sweat glands A) aid in cooling the body. B) serve as "anchors" for the arrector pili muscles. C) produce a secretion that oils the hair and skin. D) produce a secretion that protects the body from growth of bacteria. E) are not involved in the homeostasis of body temperature.

A) aid in cooling the body

37) A tissue that has a fluid matrix is ________. A) blood B) adipose tissue C) areolar tissue D) cartilage E) bone

A) blood

9) Collagen and calcium hydroxyapatite are the primary constituents of ________. A) bone matrix B) hyaline cartilage C) fibrocartilage D) ligaments E) blood

A) bone matrix

20) A movement through 360 degrees that combines flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction is called ________. A) circumduction B) rotation C) hyperextension D) supination E) pronation

A) circumduction

1) Jasmine trips and tries to break her fall by putting her hand to the ground. The doctor informs her she has injured the ________ joints in her wrist. A) costocarpal B) intermetacarpal C) metacarpophalangeal D) intercarpal

A) costocarpal

32) Connective tissue in tendons is A) dense regular collagenous tissue. B) dense regular elastic tissue. C) dense irregular collagenous tissue. D) dense irregular elastic tissue. E) reticular tissue.

A) dense regular collagenous tissue

32) By reducing body temperature during hot weather, skin helps to maintain A) homeostasis. B) body structure. C) blood volume. D) brain activity. E) blood pH.

A) homeostasis.

26) Some marrow of long bones is termed "red" marrow. The function of red marrow is to A) manufacture blood cells. B) manufacture tissue cells for the skin. C) store adipose tissue. D) store bone-forming cells. E) make vitamin D.

A) manufacture blood cells

11) Stratified epithelium consists of A) multiple layers of cells. B) a single layer of cells. C) a single layer of cells that changes shape when the tissue is stretched. D) a multiple layer of cells that appears to change shape when the tissue is stretched. E) None of the choices are correct.

A) multiple layers of cells.

35) The remodeling of bone tissue is a function of A) osteoblast and osteoclast activity. B) osteoclast and osteocyte activity. C) chondroblast and osteoclast activity. D) chondrocyte and osteocyte activity. E) fibroblast and chondroblast activity.

A) osteoblast and osteoclast activity.

3) Important functions of the skeletal system include A) protection of the brain and soft organs. B) storage of water. C) production of Vitamin E. D) regulation of acid-base balance. E) integration of other systems.

A) protection of the brain and soft organs

15) Skin color is the result of the A) quantity of melanin in the skin. B) number of keratinocytes in the skin. C) amount of adipose in the subcutaneous layer. D) thickness of the stratum basale. E) number of melanocytes in the skin.

A) quantity of melanin in the skin

24) Returning the thumb to the anatomical position after touching the little finger is ________. A) reposition B) opposition C) medial excursion D) supination

A) reposition

23) Adipose tissue in the subcutaneous layer A) serves as a storage site for lipids, which can be used for energy. B) helps to lower body temperature. C) provides protection against infection. D) is absent in infants. E) connects the dermis with the epidermis.

A) serves as a storage site for lipids, which can be used for energy.

17) Glands whose ducts have no branches are called ________. A) simple B) compound C) acinar D) alveolar E) branchless

A) simple

12) The layer of epidermis that undergoes mitosis and forms new epidermal cells is the ________. A) stratum basale B) stratum granulosum C) stratum lucidum D) stratum corneum E) stratum dermum

A) stratum basale

11) The epiphyseal plate of a growing bone is actually a temporary joint called a ________. A) synchondrosis B) synostosis C) syndesmosis D) symphysis E) suture

A) synchondrosis

40) The figure illustrates a posterior view of the right knee joint. What does the letter "A" represent?

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

39) What does structure letter B represent on the diagram?

Articular cartilage

23) In which type of bone tissue are osteons present? A) Spongy bone B) Compact bone C) Both "spongy bone" and "compact bone" are correct.

B) Compact bone

18) Which type of gland does not have ducts? A) Exocrine B) Endocrine C) Merocrine D) Apocrine E) Holocrine

B) Endocrine

76) Which skull canal conveys sound waves to the eardrum? A) Carotid canal B) External auditory canal C) Jugular foramen D) Nasolacrimal canal E) Foramen ovale

B) External auditory canal

42) In the process of tissue repair, which of the events listed below occurs last? A) The wound fills with blood and a clot forms. B) Granulation tissue develops. C) A scab forms to seal the wound. D) An inflammatory response occurs. E) Fibroblasts migrate to the area.

B) Granulation tissue develops.

33) A boy grew rapidly and reached a height of 6'2" by the time he was 13. He had normal body proportions and sexual development but had below normal mental cognition. Which of the following likely caused his condition? A) An adrenal tumor that secretes androgens B) Hypersecretion of testosterone C) Elevated vitamin D synthesis D) Hypersecretion of growth hormone E) Hyposecretion of growth hormone

B) Hypersecretion of testosterone

41) Describe the effect of exposure to UV rays on the skin. A) Decreased cancer risk B) Increased melanin synthesis C) Improved skin tone D) Increased vitamin B production

B) Increased melanin synthesis

14) Which durable protein is found in the nails, hair, and epidermis? A) Melanin B) Keratin C) Carotene D) Elastin E) Collagen

B) Keratin

48) Which condition is also known as "humpback"? A) Lordosis B) Kyphosis C) Scoliosis D) Spina bifida E) Herniated disk

B) Kyphosis

38) Miguel fell out of a tree and broke his fall by putting his arm out, fracturing his radius and ulna. The bones were still aligned at the fracture site. Which specific type of bone fracture is Miguel most likely to have? A) Stress fracture B) Nondisplaced fracture C) Spiral fracture D) Avulsion fracture E) None of the choices are correct.

B) Nondisplaced fracture

15) Which of the following cell types is responsible for breaking down bone matrix? A) Chondroclast B) Osteoclast C) Chondroblast D) Fibroblast E) Osteocyte

B) Osteoclast

17) Which of the following is correctly matched? A) Osteocyte - functions in bone remodeling B) Osteoclast - responsible for reabsorption C) Osteoblast - breaks down bone tissue D) Endosteum - lines central canal of the osteon E) Periosteum - lines the medullary cavity

B) Osteoclast - responsible for reabsorption

43) Select the regions that are composed of loose connective tissue. (Check all that apply.) A) Epidermis of the skin B) Papillary layer of dermis C) Reticular layer of the dermis D) Subcutaneous tissue or hypodermis

B) Papillary layer of dermis D) Subcutaneous tissue or hypodermis

19) Sergio needs to reach the bowls on the top shelf, which are slightly out of reach. Which type of movement would give him the greatest chance of success in reaching the bowls? A) Dorsiflexion B) Plantar flexion C) Inversion D) Eversion E) Circumduction

B) Plantar flexion

29) Which of the following matrix molecules tends to trap large quantities of water? A) Collagen B) Proteoglycan C) Elastin D) Hyaluronic acid E) Reticular fibers

B) Proteoglycan

7) Which of the following matrix molecules in cartilage tends to trap large quantities of water? A) Collagen B) Proteoglycan C) Hyaluronic acid D) Elastin E) Chondrocytes

B) Proteoglycan

40) Identify the functions of the integumentary system. (Check all that apply.) A) Blood cell production B) Resistance to infection C) Sensation of environmental stimuli D) Thermoregulation E) Vitamin E synthesis

B) Resistance to infection C) Sensation of environmental stimuli D) Thermoregulation

67) Maya is experiencing pain and discomfort in her posterior hip region. Which specific joint may be the problem? A) Proximal radio-ulnar joint B) Sacroiliac joint C) Symphysis pubis D) Knee joint E) Glenohumeral joint

B) Sacroiliac joint

34) Barney sat on a hot camp stove while on a camping trip. The burn was painful and blistered. What type of burn did Barney experience? A) First degree B) Second degree C) Third degree D) Fourth degree E) Fifth degree

B) Second degree

43) What occurs when wound edges are far apart? A) Edema B) Secondary union C) Neutrophil inactivation D) Granulation tissue

B) Secondary union

9) Which of the following is a function of epithelial tissue? A) Conduction of action potentials B) Secretion and absorption of molecules C) Support of other tissue types D) Contraction E) Shock absorption

B) Secretion and absorption of molecules

27) Impetigo is caused by the bacterium ________. A) Propionibacterium B) Staphylococcus C) Streptococcus D) Herpes E) Luteus

B) Staphylococcus

31) An infant is born with a genetic defect that greatly reduces his production of brown fat. Which of the following will most likely apply to this infant? A) The infant will have difficulty absorbing nutrients at the small intestine. B) The infant will have difficulty regulating his body temperature. C) The infant will have very stretchy tendons. D) The infant will have reduced bone mass. E) The infant will have difficulty breathing.

B) The infant will have difficulty regulating his body temperature.

1) What is a collection of similar cells and surrounding substances? A) Organ B) Tissue C) Organ system D) Extracellular matrix E) Intracellular matrix

B) Tissue

39) Which of the following statements regarding calcium homeostasis is true? A) Parathyroid hormone inhibits osteoclast activity. B) When blood calcium levels are too low, osteoclast activity increases. C) Increased osteoblast activity increases blood calcium levels. D) Parathyroid hormone increases calcium loss from the kidney. E) Calcitonin elevates blood calcium levels.

B) When blood calcium levels are too low, osteoclast activity increases.

34) Arthritis is A) a bacterial infection transmitted by ticks. B) an inflammation of any joint. C) a metabolic disorder caused by increased uric acid in blood. D) a condition that may involve an autoimmune disease. E) the most common type of arthritis.

B) an inflammation of any joint.

2) Ligaments attach A) muscle to muscle. B) bone to bone. C) muscle to bone. D) nerve to bone. E) nerve to muscle.

B) bone to bone

21) The type of lamellae found in osteons (Haversian systems) is ________. A) circumferential B) concentric C) interstitial D) appositional E) oppositional

B) concentric

45) Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder associated with ________ tissue. A) epithelial B) connective C) muscular D) nervous E) All choices are correct.

B) connective

29) Another name for a bedsore is ________. A) psoriasis B) decubitus ulcer C) bullae D) vitiligo E) eczema

B) decubitus ulcer

31) On coming inside from the cold, students notice that their cheeks are red. This results from A) constriction of the blood vessels in the epidermis of the cheeks. B) dilation of the blood vessels in the dermis of the cheeks. C) damage to the epidermis by the cold. D) constriction of the sweat glands in the cheeks. E) increased permeability of superficial vessels.

B) dilation of the blood vessels in the dermis of the cheeks.

42) The displacement of a bone from its normal position is called ________. (Check all that apply.) A) adduction B) disarticulation C) fracture D) luxation

B) disarticulation D) luxation

32) The three arches of the foot A) transfer weight from the tibia to the femur. B) distribute the weight of the body during standing and walking. C) form a hinge joint. D) are highest on the lateral side of the foot. E) form after birth.

B) distribute the weight of the body during standing and walking.

59) The olecranon process of the ulna is commonly known as the ________. A) collar bone B) elbow C) tail bone D) hipbone E) forehead

B) elbow

3) The superficial layer of epithelium of the skin is called the ________. A) dermis B) epidermis C) hypodermis D) mesodermis E) papillary layer

B) epidermis

6) Proteoglycan molecules in the matrix of cartilage A) replace collagen fibers in the matrix. B) give cartilage its resilient nature. C) fill the lacunae. D) make the perichondrium very stretchable. E) make cartilage hard and compact.

B) give cartilage its resilient nature.

25) The activity of apocrine sweat glands A) produces cerumen. B) leads to body odor. C) gives the skin a healthy glow. D) produces sweat on the palm of the hand. E) produces an oily secretion.

B) leads to body odor

50) A cleft palate results from incomplete development of the ________. A) palatine bones B) maxillae C) mandible D) vomer bone E) frontal bone

B) maxillae

8) In appositional growth of cartilage, A) chondroblasts within the tissue proliferate and add more matrix from the inside. B) new chondrocytes and new matrix are added on the outside of the tissue. C) osteoblasts replace the chondroblasts. D) the tissue becomes vascularized in order to grow. E) the cartilage is replaced with another kind of connective tissue.

B) new chondrocytes and new matrix are added on the outside of the tissue

39) What does structure letter E represent on the diagram?

Fibrous capsule

16) The function of a bursa is to A) provide support for a weak joint. B) provide a fluid-filled cushion that reduces friction. C) increase the articulating surface at a joint. D) bind ligaments to bones. E) produce fluid.

B) provide a fluid-filled cushion that reduces friction.

27) The muscles that hold the humeral head within the glenoid cavity are collectively called the ________. A) sunacromial bursae B) rotator cuff C) glenoid labrum D) coracohumeral ligament E) deltoid muscle

B) rotator cuff

63) The coracoid process is found on the ________. A) fibula B) scapula C) humerus D) ulna E) femur

B) scapula

26) A tennis player goes to the doctor and is told he has a torn rotator cuff. He has injured his ________. A) neck B) shoulder C) hip D) knee E) elbow

B) shoulder

7) Joints are classified according to the A) bones that are united at the joint. B) structure of the joint. C) size of the joint. D) shape of the joint. E) type of fluid in the joint.

B) structure of the joint.

71) A person who has cerebrospinal fluid draining from the ear probably has a fracture of the ________ bone. A) frontal B) temporal C) zygomatic D) parietal E) occipital

B) temporal

9) In a syndesmosis A) there is an osseous union between the bones of the joint. B) the bones are held together by ligaments called interosseous membranes. C) it is not unusual to find discs of cartilage. D) no movement occurs. E) there is a great range of motion.

B) the bones are held together by ligaments called interosseous membranes.

39) What does structure letter A represent on the diagram?

Bursa

6) Delores is seeing a neurologist for severe inflammation in a specific type of joint. Which of these joints would be most likely to cause problems with the spinal cord? A) Cubital joint B) Glenohumeral joint C) Atlantoaxial joint D) Sternoclavicular joint E) Talocrural joint

C) Atlantoaxial joint

66) Which of the following statements about the femur is TRUE? A) The head of the femur articulates with the tibia. B) The medial condyle articulates with the acetabulum. C) Both the greater and lesser trochanters are attachment sites for muscles. D) The distal end of the tibia articulates with the femur. E) The proximal end of the femur articulates with the tibia.

C) Both the greater and lesser trochanters are attachment sites for muscles.

31) Normal bone growth requires adequate amounts of certain substance from the diet. Which of the following list three of the dietary needs for normal bone growth? A) Sodium, calcium, and vitamin E B) Potassium, calcium, and vitamin D C) Calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D D) Vitamin D, phosphate, and chloride E) Vitamin E, vitamin B, and vitamin A

C) Calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D

46) What is a malignant tumor derived from epithelial tissue? A) Sarcoma B) Lymphoma C) Carcinoma D) Melanoma E) Both "Carcinoma" and "Sarcoma" are correct.

C) Carcinoma

30) Which of the following type of connective tissue is mismatched with its matrix? A) Areolar - loosely packed matrix of protein fibers B) Bone - mineralized matrix C) Cartilage - highly vascular matrix D) Blood - fluid matrix E) Bone - highly vascular

C) Cartilage - highly vascular matrix

38) What does structure "B" represent on the diagram? A) Hair follicle B) Arrector pili C) Epidermis and dermis D) Subcutaneous tissue E) Sebaceous gland

C) Epidermis and dermis

27) What is the site of longitudinal growth in long bones? A) Epiphysis B) Sharpey's fibers C) Epiphyseal plate D) Medullary cavity E) Endosteum

C) Epiphyseal plate

12) Which of the following is NOT a cartilaginous joint? A) Epiphyseal plates B) Intervertebral disks C) Fontanelles D) Sternocostal joint E) Manubriosternal joint

C) Fontanelles

33) Which of the following is mismatched? A) Shoulder joint - coracohumeral ligament B) Elbow joint - radial collateral ligaments C) Hip joint - cruciate ligaments D) Knee joint - patellar ligaments E) Ankle - calcaneofibular ligament

C) Hip joint - cruciate ligaments

9) Which cells of the epidermis are part of the immune system? A) Keratinocytes B) Melanocytes C) Langerhans cells D) Merkel cells E) Fibroblasts

C) Langerhans cells

36) Which of the following skin changes is usually associated with aging? A) Skin becomes thicker. B) There is an increase in the number of elastic fibers in the skin. C) Loss of subcutaneous tissue contributes to sagging of the skin. D) Localized increase in sebaceous glands leads to dry skin. E) The amount of collagen in the dermis increases.

C) Loss of subcutaneous tissue contributes to sagging of the skin.

7) Which type of skin cancer is the most deadly? A) Basal cell carcinoma B) Squamous cell carcinoma C) Melanoma D) Kaposi sarcoma E) Psoriasis

C) Melanoma

5) Which type of tissue is contractile? A) Epithelial tissue B) Connective tissue C) Muscle tissue D) Nervous tissue

C) Muscle tissue

23) Which type of cell breaks down bone tissue? A) Mast cell B) Adipocyte C) Osteoclast D) Stem cell E) Macrophage

C) Osteoclast

41) Which of the following statements regarding PTH (parathyroid hormone) is true? A) PTH causes decreased uptake of Ca2+ from the small intestine. B) PTH causes decreased vitamin D formation in the kidneys. C) PTH causes increased reabsorption of Ca2+ in the kidneys. D) PTH causes increased loss of Ca2+ from the kidneys. E) PTH causes increased Na+ reabsorption in the kidneys.

C) PTH causes increased reabsorption of Ca2+ in the kidneys.

43) Which substance causes an increase in the blood calcium level? A) Growth hormone B) Sex hormones C) Parathyroid hormone D) Calcitonin E) Vitamin D

C) Parathyroid hormone

65) Which of the following structures of the lower limb is correctly matched to its description? A) Greater trochanter - distal shaft of femur B) Lateral malleolus - distal end of tibia C) Patella - bone within tendon of quadriceps D) Tibial tuberosity - superior to the patella E) Medial malleolus - proximal end of the tibia

C) Patella - bone within tendon of quadriceps

30) An abrasion of the skin results in which of the following? A) Fluid retention by the kidney B) Increased melanin production C) Portal of entry for microorganisms D) Loss of cell regeneration ability E) Irreversible damage to the epidermis

C) Portal of entry for microorganisms

47) What is a malignant tumor derived from connective tissue? A) Melanoma B) Lymphoma C) Sarcoma D) Carcinoma E) Both "Carcinoma" and "Sarcoma" are correct.

C) Sarcoma

33) Dense regular collagenous connective tissue would be found in A) a nerve. B) the brain. C) a ligament. D) a skull bone. E) a lymph node.

C) a ligament.

38) Gout is A) a bacterial infection transmitted by ticks. B) an inflammation of any joint. C) a metabolic disorder caused by increased uric acid in blood. D) a condition that may involve an autoimmune disease. E) the most common type of arthritis.

C) a metabolic disorder caused by increased uric acid in blood.

20) Osteons or haversian systems A) are found in spongy bone tissue. B) lack concentric lamellae. C) are the basic units in compact bone tissue. D) do not contain osteocytes. E) are avascular.

C) are the basic units in compact bone tissue.

13) The primary mineral in bone is ________. A) sodium B) oxygen C) calcium D) potassium E) iron

C) calcium

27) The three types of protein fibers found in connective tissue are A) hyaluronic acid, collagen, and reticular fibers. B) proteoglycan, elastin, and reticular fibers. C) collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers. D) proteoglycan, elastin, and hyaluronic acid. E) chondronectin, osteonectin, and fibronectin.

C) collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers.

5) Cartilage A) is composed of osteons. B) is surrounded by a membrane called the periosteum. C) contains chondrocytes located in lacunae. D) does not need nutrients and oxygen, so it has no blood vessels. E) is well vascularized.

C) contains chondrocytes located in lacunae.

19) Spongy bone tissue A) is very dense. B) contains concentric lamellae. C) contains interconnecting plates called trabeculae. D) has many spaces and lacks osteocytes. E) is the primary component of compact bone.

C) contains interconnecting plates called trabeculae.

17) The bluish tinge of skin due to a reduction of oxygen in the blood is called ________. A) hemolysis B) desquamation C) cyanosis D) carotenosis E) albinism

C) cyanosis

2) The integumentary system has many functions, one of which is A) destruction of cancer cells. B) production of Vitamin E. C) detection of heat and touch. D) regulation of acid-base balance. E) prevention of albinism.

C) detection of heat and touch.

6) The four primary tissue types are A) epithelial, cartilage, muscle, and brain. B) connective, epithelial, skin, and blood. C) epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous. D) glands, bone, lungs, and kidney. E) bone, skin, blood, and muscle.

C) epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.

29) The spaces between developing skull bones that have not ossified are called ________. A) epiphyseal plates B) articular cartilages C) fontanels D) bone collars E) medullary cavities

C) fontanels

15) The type of cell connection that serves as a permeability barrier is a ________. A) hemidesmosome B) desmosome C) gap junction D) intercalated disc E) tight junction

C) gap junction

10) The joint between a tooth and the mandibular alveolus is an example of a ________. A) suture B) syndesmosis C) gomphosis D) synostosis E) symphysis

C) gomphosis

62) The deltoid tuberosity is found on the ________. A) fibula B) scapula C) humerus D) ulna E) femur

C) humerus

4) The type of cartilage associated with bone function and development is ________. A) elastic cartilage B) fibrocartilage C) hyaline cartilage D) interstitial cartilage E) osteocartilage

C) hyaline cartilage

10) The compression (weight-bearing) strength of bone matrix is due to the presence of ________. A) elastin fibers B) collagenase C) hydroxyapatite crystals D) collagen fibers E) bone marrow

C) hydroxyapatite crystals

28) Hyaluronic acid gives a very slippery quality to fluids that contain it. Hyaluronic acid A) resists stretching. B) functions as an insulator. C) is a good lubricant for joint cavities. D) promotes oxygen transport in the plasma. E) is a protein.

C) is a good lubricant for joint cavities.

16) Melanin A) is transferred to other cells by osmosis. B) is increased with exposure to infrared light. C) is absent in individuals with albinism. D) is a pigment produced by cells in the stratum corneum. E) makes the skin lighter.

C) is absent in individuals with albinism

69) The appendicular skeleton consists of the A) skull and appendages. B) rib cage and the pelvis. C) limbs and their girdles. D) rib cage and limb girdles. E) vertebral column.

C) limbs and their girdles

11) Keratinization A) occurs in the dermis. B) results in the formation of new epidermal cells. C) produces a layer of cells that resist abrasion. D) determines skin color. E) does not affect permeability characteristics of the epidermis.

C) produces a layer of cells that resist abrasion

24) Blood cells are produced in hemopoietic tissue found in A) yellow bone marrow. B) brown bone marrow. C) red bone marrow. D) white bone marrow. E) compact bone.

C) red bone marrow

35) The amount of body area involved with a burn is determined by the A) color of the skin. B) amount of pain. C) rule of nines. D) cause of the burn. E) ABCDE rule.

C) rule of nines

73) Alexander has been diagnosed with a pituitary tumor, which means the tumor is in the ________. A) crista galli B) cribriform plate C) sella turcica D) pterygoid canal E) foramen magnum

C) sella turcica

25) Some marrow of long bones is termed "yellow" marrow under normal conditions. The function of yellow marrow is to A) manufacture blood cells. B) manufacture tissue cells for the skin. C) store adipose tissue. D) store bone-forming cells. E) make vitamin D.

C) store adipose tissue

22) A subcutaneous injection delivers medication into the ________. A) epidermis B) dermis C) subcutaneous layer D) muscle E) joint

C) subcutaneous layer

13) Most of the joints in the appendicular skeleton are ________ joints. A) fibrous B) immovable C) synovial D) cartilaginous E) inarticulate

C) synovial

58) The coccyx is also called the ________. A) collar bone B) elbow C) tail bone D) hipbone E) forehead

C) tail bone

31) If you stepped in a hole in the yard and sprained your ankle, you have A) fractured the fibula. B) fractured the tibia. C) torn a ligament of the ankle. D) torn cartilage on the talus bone. E) fractured the calcaneous.

C) torn a ligament of the ankle.

53) The figure illustrates a medial view of bones of the right foot. What does "D" represent? Calcaneus Fibula Metatarsals Tibia Talus

Calcaneus

4) Harry is told he has structural damage to his dentoalveolar joint. Where specifically is the problem area? A) Between the sacrum and hipbone B) At the symphysis pubis C) In the cervical region between the atlas and axis D) Between a tooth socket and a tooth E) At the suture between the two parietal bones

D) Between a tooth socket and a tooth

20) Which of the following is NOT a function of connective tissue? A) Transport B) Support C) Storage D) Contraction E) Insulation

D) Contraction

36) Which type of connective tissue is found in the walls of large arteries? A) Hyaline cartilage B) Fibrocartilage C) Elastic cartilage D) Dense irregular elastic tissue E) Dense regular collagenous tissue

D) Dense irregular elastic tissue

26) Which type of cell forms protein fibers in connective tissue proper? A) Osteoblast B) Osteoclast C) Osteocyte D) Fibroblast E) Chondroblast

D) Fibroblast

6) Melanoma can be detected early and treated with the application of a special rule. Which of the following is NOT a test used to determine if a mole is cancerous? A) Color B) Border C) Asymmetry D) Freckles E) Diameter

D) Freckles

2) What is the microscopic study of tissues? A) Anatomy B) Physiology C) Pathology D) Histology E) Embryology

D) Histology

72) Which of the following is found inferior to the maxilla and has a posterior articulation with the temporal bone? A) Zygomatic B) Sphenoid C) Parietal D) Mandible E) Palatine bone

D) Mandible

39) Which of the following occurs when the permeability of blood vessels increases during inflammation? A) Removal of foreign material from the blood B) Increased blood flow to the area C) Redness and heat at the injury site D) Migration of white blood cells to the site of injury E) No change in osmotic balance between blood and tissues

D) Migration of white blood cells to the site of injury

4) Which type of tissue contains cells called neurons? A) Epithelial tissue B) Connective tissue C) Muscle tissue D) Nervous tissue

D) Nervous tissue

70) Which of the following bones is part of the cranium? A) Vomer B) Nasal bone C) Palatine bone D) Occipital bone E) Mandible

D) Occipital bone

1) Which of the following functions is associated with the skin? A) Lipid production B) Vitamin C production C) Regulation of body pH D) Protection against ultraviolet radiation of the sun E) Vitamin A production

D) Protection against ultraviolet radiation of the sun

41) What is formed from granulation tissue? A) Edema B) Secondary union C) Epithelial tissue D) Scar

D) Scar

74) Shannon, a boxer, is informed after a fight that she has a broken ethmoid bone. Due to its location she may have difficulty with which of these special senses? A) Equilibrium B) Hearing C) Vision D) Smell

D) Smell

49) Which condition is caused by the failure of vertebral laminae to fuse? A) Lordosis B) Kyphosis C) Scoliosis D) Spina bifida E) Herniated disk

D) Spina bifida

21) Which type of cell has the potential to differentiate to form adult cell types? A) Mast cell B) Adipocyte C) Osteoclast D) Stem cell E) Macrophage

D) Stem cell

39) What does structure "C" represent on the diagram? A) Hair follicle B) Arrector pili C) Epidermis and dermis D) Subcutaneous tissue E) Sebaceous gland

D) Subcutaneous tissue

15) Which of the following joints is most movable? A) Suture B) Syndesmosis C) Symphysis D) Synovial E) Synchondrosis

D) Synovial

8) Which of the following statements concerning the epidermis is true? A) The dermis is superficial to the epidermis. B) The epidermis contains numerous blood vessels. C) The most numerous cells in the epidermis are the melanocytes. D) The epidermis is nourished by blood vessels located in the dermis. E) The epidermis is very permeable to water-soluble molecules.

D) The epidermis is nourished by blood vessels located in the dermis

18) Which of the following movements is an example of extension? A) Bending forward at the waist B) Kneeling C) Raising your arm laterally D) Using your finger to point out an area on a map E) Shrugging your shoulders

D) Using your finger to point out an area on a map

33) Which vitamin begins its synthesis in the skin when the skin is exposed to ultraviolet light? A) Vitamin A B) Vitamin B C) Vitamin C D) Vitamin D E) Vitamin E

D) Vitamin D

37) Rheumatoid arthritis is A) a bacterial infection transmitted by ticks. B) an inflammation of any joint. C) a metabolic disorder caused by increased uric acid in blood. D) a condition that may involve an autoimmune disease. E) the most common type of arthritis.

D) a condition that may involve an autoimmune disease.

12) Rickets is A) bone inflammation that often results from bacterial infection. B) a disease in adults, especially women, characterized by a reduced amount of bone matrix. C) a disease in adults characterized by softening of bones resulting from calcium depletion. D) a disease in children characterized by soft, bowed, and swollen bones. E) a group of genetic disorders producing very brittle bones that are easily fractured; this occurs because of insufficient collagen development.

D) a disease in children characterized by soft, bowed, and swollen bones.

10) Keratinocytes A) produce skin pigments in cell organelles called melanosomes. B) are found in both the dermal and the epidermal layers of the skin. C) are special cells of the immune system. D) are responsible for the reduction of water loss from the skin. E) determine thickness of the skin.

D) are responsible for the reduction of water loss from the skin

11) Osteogenesis imperfecta can be caused by abnormally formed ________. A) proteoglycans B) hydroxyapatite C) calcium D) collagen E) osteoblasts

D) collagen

28) Ringworm is an infection of the skin, hair, and nails caused by a/an ________. A) bacterium B) virus C) parasite D) fungus E) inflammation

D) fungus

24) Lead poisoning can be detected by doing an analysis of ________. A) sweat B) skin folds C) nails D) hair E) skin

D) hair

42) Calcitonin A) decreases osteoblast activity. B) decreases osteocyte activity. C) decreases osteochondral progenitor cell activity. D) is associated with decreased osteoclast activity. E) has no effect on bone cells.

D) is associated with decreased osteoclast activity.

20) The dermis A) contains no blood vessels. B) functions as padding and insulation. C) is divided into three distinct layers. D) is responsible for most of the skin's structural strength. E) does not contain connective tissue.

D) is responsible for most of the skin's structural strength

18) The skin discoloration most likely to result from liver disease is ________. A) pallor B) erythema C) hematoma D) jaundice E) cyanosis

D) jaundice

29) The medial meniscus is in the ________. A) neck B) shoulder C) hip D) knee E) elbow

D) knee

30) The thick fibrocartilage disks found in the knee joint are called ________. A) bursae B) ligaments C) tendon sheaths D) menisci E) intraknee disks

D) menisci

14) The cell type that is responsible for maintaining bone once it has been formed is the ________. A) osteoclast B) osteoblast C) chondrocyte D) osteocyte E) chondroblast

D) osteocyte

22) The covering of the outer surface of bone is the ________. A) lamellae B) lacunae C) canaliculi D) periosteum E) trabeculae

D) periosteum

12) An epithelial tissue has multiple layers, flat and irregular cell shape, dead outer layers of cells, and keratin present in some cells. This is A) pseudostratified keratinized squamous epithelium. B) simple cuboidal epithelium. C) simple transitional epithelium. D) stratified keratinized squamous epithelium.

D) stratified keratinized squamous epithelium

22) Rotating the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly is called ________. A) circumduction B) rotation C) hyperextension D) supination E) pronation

D) supination

8) When two bones grow together across a joint to form a single bone, this is called a ________. A) suture B) syndesmosis C) gomphosis D) synostosis E) symphysis

D) synostosis

30) If an x-ray shows a black area in the region of the epiphyseal plate, A) the bone is fractured. B) growth of the bone is complete. C) marrow is forming in the spongy bone. D) the epiphyseal plate has not completely ossified. E) the cartilage is absent.

D) the epiphyseal plate has not completely ossified

18) The stem cells of osteoclasts are ________. A) osteocytes B) osteoclasts C) chondrocytes D) the same cells that give rise to monocytes E) osteochondral progenitor cells

D) the same cells that give rise to monocytes

61) A styloid process is found on the ________. A) fibula B) scapula C) humerus D) ulna E) femur

D) ulna

43) The least movable joints are ________ joints. A) symphysis B) synchondrosis C) syndesmosis D) gomphosis E) synostosis

E) synostosis

36) Bone remodeling may occur A) as bones grow. B) as bones adjust to stress. C) as fractures heal. D) constantly during a person's lifetime. E) All of the choices are correct.

E) All of the choices are correct

25) Which of the following influence the range of motion of a joint? A) The shape of the articular surfaces of the bones B) The amount and shape of cartilage at the joint C) The amount of fluid in and around the joint D) The strength and location of tendons and ligaments E) All of these influence range of motion.

E) All of these influence range of motion.

44) This is a figure of a skin wound. What does "A" represent? A) Dermis B) Subcutaneous adipose tissue C) Epidermis D) Blood vessel E) Blood clot

E) Blood Clot

2) A place where two or more bones come together is a/an ________. A) cavity B) joint C) contusion D) articulation E) Both "joint" and "articulation" are correct.

E) Both "joint" and "articulation" are correct.

25) Which type of cell forms cartilage? A) Osteoblast B) Osteoclast C) Osteocyte D) Fibroblast E) Chondroblast

E) Chondroblast

34) Which of the following structures is likely to consist of dense irregular collagenous connective tissue? A) Tendons B) Cartilage C) Elastic ligaments D) Bone E) Dermis of the skin

E) Dermis of the skin

16) What is a disc-shaped structure with especially adhesive glycoproteins around each cell that bind cells to one another? A) Hemidesmosomes B) Adhesion belt C) Tight junction D) Gap junction E) Desmosomes

E) Desmosomes

47) Which of the following results from damage to the annulus fibrosus and release of the nucleus pulposus? A) Lordosis B) Kyphosis C) Scoliosis D) Spina bifida E) Herniated disk

E) Herniated disk

60) Jill, an avid runner, experiences pain on her greater trochanter. Where is Jill's pain located? A) Distal fibula B) Posterior scapula C) Posterior knee D) Heel E) Lateral femur

E) Lateral femur

32) Which of the following substance is mismatched with its role in the body? A) Vitamin D - aids calcium absorption B) Vitamin C - necessary for collagen synthesis C) Vitamin D - obtained by synthesis or ingestion D) Sex hormones - cause spurt of growth at puberty E) Parathyroid hormone - increases calcium loss in the kidneys

E) Parathyroid hormone - increases calcium loss in the kidneys

40) Which of the following are symptoms of inflammation? A) Swelling, bleeding, and numbness B) Heat, swelling, and blistering C) Blistering, pain, and swelling D) Pain, redness, and bleeding E) Redness, heat, and pain

E) Redness, heat, and pain

37) What does structure "A" represent on the diagram? A) Hair follicle B) Arrector pili C) Epidermis and dermis D) Subcutaneous tissue E) Sebaceous gland

E) Sebaceous gland

1) A band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone is a/an ________. A) aponeurosis B) ligament C) bursa D) epimysium E) tendon

E) tendon

75) Three-year old Trevor is admitted to the hospital with stenosis (narrowing) of the foramen magnum. This condition directly affects which of these structures? A) Optic nerve B) Carotid arteries C) Internal jugular veins D) Facial and vestibulocochlear nerves E) Spinal cord

E) Spinal cord

13) This stratum contains many layers of dead squamous cells. A) Stratum basale B) Stratum spinosum C) Stratum granulosum D) Stratum lucidum E) Stratum corneum

E) Stratum corneum

56) The figure illustrates bones of the right upper limb. What does "A" represent? A) Radius B) Carpals C) Phalanges D) Metacarpals E) Ulna

E) Ulna

34) Which chemical, ingested or synthesized by the body, is necessary for calcium absorption from the intestines? A) Growth hormone B) Sex hormones C) Parathyroid hormone D) Calcitonin E) Vitamin D

E) Vitamin D

44) Suppose you cup your hands to hold some water. To limit the amount of leaking through your hands, this action would most likely require ________. A) pronation of the forearm B) circumduction of the wrists C) opposition of the thumb D) abduction of the fingers E) adduction of the fingers

E) adduction of the fingers

17) A ________ is a type of joint that is multiaxial allowing a wide range of movement. A) saddle B) hinge C) pivot D) plane E) ball and socket

E) ball and socket

14) Synovial fluid A) lacks cells. B) is found between all bony junctions. C) increases friction between bones. D) is produced by articular cartilage. E) decreases friction between bones.

E) decreases friction between bones.

19) Inflammation of the skin is called dermatitis or ________. A) psoriasis B) decubitus ulcer C) bullae D) vitiligo E) eczema

E) eczema

37) An incomplete bone fracture generally found in children is a/an ________. A) complicated fracture B) hairline fracture C) spiral fracture D) avulsion fracture E) greenstick fracture

E) greenstick fracture

16) The primary function of osteoblasts is to A) prevent osteocytes from forming. B) resorb bone along the epiphyseal plate. C) inhibit the growth of bone. D) stimulate bone growth. E) lay down bone matrix.

E) lay down bone matrix

21) Rotating the forearm so that the palm faces posteriorly is called ________. A) circumduction B) rotation C) hyperextension D) supination E) pronation

E) pronation

13) Epithelium that is primarily secretory in function would most likely be A) simple squamous. B) stratified squamous. C) keratinized columnar. D) transitional. E) simple cuboidal.

E) simple cuboidal

14) If one of the functions of the capillaries is to supply body cells with oxygen and nutrients, you would expect the capillary walls to consist of A) connective tissue. B) keratinized epithelium. C) stratified squamous epithelium. D) simple columnar epithelium. E) simple squamous epithelium.

E) simple squamous epithelium

36) Osteoarthritis is A) a bacterial infection transmitted by ticks. B) an inflammation of any joint. C) a metabolic disorder caused by increased uric acid in blood. D) a condition that may involve an autoimmune disease. E) the most common type of arthritis.

E) the most common type of arthritis.

3) The sagittal suture is between the ________. A) sacrum and hipbone. B) two pubic bones. C) atlas and axis. D) alveolar process and tooth. E) two parietal bones.

E) two parietal bones.

Anterior view of the skull, C=

Ethmoid

51) The figure illustrates a medial view of bones of the right foot. What does "A" represent? Calcaneus Fibula Metatarsals Tibia Talus

Fibula

Anterior view of the skull, B=

Frontal

Lateral view of the skull, D=

Frontal

Anterior view of the skull, D=

Lacrimal

40) The figure illustrates a posterior view of the right knee joint. What does the letter "C" represent?

Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament (LCL)

40) The figure illustrates a posterior view of the right knee joint. What does the letter "D" represent?

Lateral meniscus

Anterior view of the skull, E=

Maxilla

40) The figure illustrates a posterior view of the right knee joint. What does the letter "B" represent?

Medial (tibial) collateral ligament (MCL)

Lateral view of the skull, C=

Occipital

Lateral view of the skull, A=

Parietal

40) The figure illustrates a posterior view of the right knee joint. What does the letter "E" represent?

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

39) What does structure letter D represent on the diagram?

Synovial membrane

39) What does structure letter C represent on the diagram?

Tendon

52) The figure illustrates a medial view of bones of the right foot. What does "B" represent? Calcaneus Fibula Metatarsals Tibia Talus

Tibia

Anterior view of the skull, A=

Zygomatic