Semester 1 Study Guide (Mr.Vining,Physics First)

100. True or False? A quantity that has only magnitude is called a vector.

False

104. True or False? A ball will go the farthest if thrown almost horizontally.

False

106. True or False? Mass is a vector quantity.

False

108. True or False? The amount of matter in an object is called its weight.

False

109. True or False? The SI unit of mass is the newton.

False

111. True or False? If you slide a hockey puck across a frictionless ice rink, there must be a horizontal force on it to keep it in motion.

False

113. True or False? The acceleration of an object is inversely proportional to the net force acting on it.

False

115. True or False? Excluding the force due to air pressure, there is only one force acting on a book lying at rest on a table top.

False

118. True or False? Inertia is just another way of saying weight.

False

119. True or False? The speed of an object dropped in air will continue to increase without limit.

False

121. True or False? In order to make a cart move forward, a horse must pull harder on the cart than the cart pulls on the horse.

False

122. True or False? A bicycle and a parked car have a head-on collision. The force of impact is greater on the bicycle.

False

227. True or False? All motion, including constant-velocity motion, are sustained by a "force of motion".

False

228. True or False? Speed is proportional to force (Ex. The higher the speed, the higher the force)

False

101. True or False? The vector sum of all the forces (or the net force) acting on an object is called the resultant.

True

102. True or False? The length of a vector represents its magnitude.

True

105. True or False? Any vector can be represented by two vectors that are at right angles to each other.

True

117. True or False? It is possible for an object in free fall to have zero acceleration.

Vining-True Hill-False

58. An object travels 5 meters in the first second of travel, 5 meters again during the second second of travel, and 5 meters again during the third second. Its acceleration in meters per second per second is a. 0 b. 5 c. 8 d. 10 e. more than 10

a. 0

64. What is the acceleration of a car that maintains a constant velocity of 100 km/h for 7 seconds? a. 0 b. 10 km/h/s c. 10 m/s/s d. 100 km/h/s e. 1000 km/h/s

a. 0

139. An apple weighs 1 N. When held at rest above your head, the net force on the apple is a. 0 N b. 0.1 N c. 1 N d. 9.8 N e. None of the above

a. 0 N

36. A runner travels 30.0 m at a steady speed of 5.0 m/s. The time taken is a. 6.0 s b. 12 s c. 24 s d. 48 s e. 150 s

a. 6.0 s

27. If you drop a feather and a coin at the same time in a vacuum tube, which will reach the bottom of the tube first? a. Neither-they will both reach the bottom at the same time. b. The coin c. The feather

a. Neither-they will both reach the bottom at the same time.

196. A tennis ball and a solid steel ball with the same diameter are dropped at the same time. Which ball has the greater force acting on it? a. The steel ball b. The tennis ball c. They both have the same force acting on them.

a. The steel ball

85. In the absence of air friction, the horizontal component of a projectile's velocity doesn't change as the projectile moves. a. always true b. sometimes true c. always false

a. always true

210. A freight train rolls along a track with considerable momentum. If it were to roll at the same speed but had twice as much mass, its momentum would be a. doubled. b. unchanged. c. quadrupled. d. zero.

a. doubled

191. Accelerations are produced by a. forces. b. velocities. c. accelerations. d. masses. e. none of the above

a. forces.

205. The momentum change of an object is equal to the a. impulse acting on it. b. velocity change of the object. c. force acting on it. d. force acting on it times the velocity. e. objects mass times the force acting on it.

a. impulse acting on it.

136. Compared to its weight on earth, a 10-kg object on the moon will weigh a. less b. more c. the same amount

a. less

15. The hang time (time one's feet are off the ground in a jump) for most athletes is a. less than 1 second. b. considerably more than 1 second. c. about 1 second. d. slightly more than 1 second.

a. less than 1 second.

78. A scalar is a quantity that has a. magnitude b. time c. direction d. color

a. magnitude

127. An object maintains its state of motion because it has a. mass b. velocity c. speed d. acceleration e. All of the above

a. mass

95. An object is dropped and falls freely to the ground with an acceleration of -9.8 m/s/s. If it is thrown upward at an angle instead, its acceleration after it is thrown would be a. 0 m/s/s b. -9.8 m/s/s c. 9.8 m/s/s d. larger than 9.8 m/s/s e. none of the above

b. -9.8 m/s/s

18. Suppose a car is moving in a straight line and steadily increases its speed. It moves from 30 km/h to 40 km/h the first second and from 40 km/h to 50 km/h the next second. What is the car's acceleration? a. 5 km/h·s b. 10 km/h·s c. 35 km/h·s d. 40 km/h·s e. 45 km/h·s

b. 10 km/h·s

87. A cannonball is fired at some angle into the air. In the first second it moves 10 meters horizontally. Assuming it doesn't hit the ground and there is no air resistance, how far does it move horizontally in the next second? a. more than 10 m b. 10 m c. less than 10 m d. there's not enough information to say

b. 10 m

135. A 10-kg brick and a 1-kg book are dropped in a vacuum. The force of weight on the 10-kg brick is a. the same as the force on the 1-kg book b. 10 times as much as the force on the 1-kg book c. 1/10 as much as the force on the 1 - kg book d. zero.

b. 10 times as much as the force on the 1-kg book

180. The mass of a sheep that weighs 110 N is about a. 1 kg. b. 11 kg. c. 110 kg. d. 1100 kg. e. none of the above

b. 11 kg.

199. The terminal speed for a person parachuting (with the chute open) is about a. 0 km/h. b. 15 km/h. c. 150 km/h. d. 1500 km/h.

b. 15 km/h.

55. If a projectile is fired straight up at a speed of 20 m/s, the time it takes to reach the top of its path is about a. 1 s b. 2 s c. 5 s d. 10 s e. not enough information

b. 2 s

185. A girl whose weight is 500 N hangs from the middle of a bar supported by two vertical strands of rope. What is the tension in each strand? a. 0 N. b. 250 N. c. 500 N. d. 750 N. e. 1000 N.

b. 250 N.

143. A girl pulls on a 10-kg wagon with a constant force of 30 N. What is the wagon's acceleration? a. 0.3 m/s/s b. 3.0 m/s/s c. 10 m/s/s d. 30 m/s/s e. 300 m/s/s

b. 3.0 m/s/s

182. A 15-N force and a 45-N force act on an object in opposite directions. What is the net force on the object a. 15 N b. 30 N c. 45 N d. 60 N e. none of the above

b. 30 N

25. A freely falling object starts from rest. After falling for 3 seconds, it will have a speed of about a. 6 m/s. b. 30 m/s. c. 60 m/s. d. 300 m/s. e. more than 300 m/s.

b. 30 m/s.

224. A ball is moving at 6.0 m/s and has a momentum of 24.0 kg m/s. What is the balls mass? a. 0.3 kg b. 4.0 kg c. 24.0 kg d. 144.0 kg e. none of the above

b. 4.0 kg

7. A car starts from rest and after 10 seconds it is moving at 42 m/s. What is the car's average acceleration? a. 0.42 m/s2 b. 4.2 m/s2 c. 42 m/s2 d. 0 m/s2 e. none of the above

b. 4.2 m/s2

146. Two people pull on a rope in a tug-of-war. Each pulls with 400 N of force. What is the tension in the rope? a. Zero b. 400 N c. 600 N d. 800 N e. None of the above

b. 400 N

96. A ball is hurled into the air at an angle of 45 degrees and lands on a target that is at the same level as that where the ball started. The ball will also land on the target if it is thrown at an angle of a. 40 degrees b. 45 degrees c. 55 degrees d. 60 degrees e. none of the above

b. 45 degrees

92. Which of the following is NOT a vector quantity? a. 5 N down b. 5 m/s c. 5 m/s East d. -10 m/s/s e. all of the above are vectors

b. 5 m/s

168. What is the resultant of a 3-unit vector and 4-unit vector at right angles to each other? a. 1 unit. b. 5 units. c. 7 units. d. none of the above

b. 5 units.

223. A 4.0-kg ball has a momentum of 20.0 kg m/s. What is the balls speed? a. 0.2 m/s b. 5.0 m/s c. 20.0 m/s d. 80.0 m/s e. none of the above.

b. 5.0 m/s

222. A 2-kg ball is thrown at 3 m/s. What is the balls momentum? a. 9 kg m/s b. 6 kg m/s c. 3 kg m/s d. 2 kg m/s e. none of these

b. 6 kg m/s

76. Mr. Hill is very upset with Mr. Vining and he picks Mr. Vining up and throws him into the air. What can be said about Mr. Vining's acceleration after Mr. Hill releases him and before he hits the ground? a. Mr. Vining's acceleration is always zero b. Mr. Vining's acceleration is always about -10 m/s2 c. Mr. Vining's acceleration is about -10 m/s2 on the way up, zero at the top and about 10 m/s2 on the way down. d. Mr. Vining's acceleration is about 10 m/s2 on the way up, zero at the top and about - 10 m/s2 on the way down. e. Mr. Vining's acceleration is always about 10 m/s2

b. Mr. Vining's acceleration is always about -10 m/s2

83. Which of the following would NOT be considered a projectile? a. a cannonball thrown through the air b. a cannonball rolling down a slope c. a cannonball thrown straight up d. a cannonball rolling off the edge of a table

b. a cannonball rolling down a slope

23. If a freely falling object were somehow equipped with a speedometer, its speed reading would increase each second by a. about 5 m/s. b. about 10 m/s. c. about 15 m/s. d. a variable amount. e. a rate that depends on its initial speed.

b. about 10 m/s.

234. Acceleration is in the direction that the object is moving. a. always true b. sometimes true c. always false

b. sometimes true

134. A heavy person and a light person parachute together and wear the same size parachutes. Assuming they open their parachutes at the same time, which person reaches the ground first? a. the light person b. the heavy person c. Neither-they both reach the ground together.

b. the heavy person

131. An object weighs 30 N on earth. A second object weighs 30 N on the moon. Which has the greater mass? a. the one on earth b. the one on the moon c. they have the same mass d. Not enough information to say

b. the one on the moon

208. A table tennis ball launcher is fired. Compared to the force on the ball, the force on the launcher is a. larger. b. the same. c. smaller.

b. the same

69. Drop a rock from a 5 m height and it accelerates at -10 m/s/s and strikes the ground 1 s later. Drop the same rock from a height of 10 m and its acceleration of the fall is a. about half b. the same c. more

b. the same

81. A bullet fired horizontally hits the ground in 1.0 second. If it had been fired with a much higher speed in the same direction, it would have hit the ground (neglecting the Earth's curvature and air resistance) in a. less than 1 s b. the same time 1 s c. more than 1 s

b. the same time 1 s

49. Two balls that are exactly the same size and shape. One ball is made out of aluminum and has a mass of 0.5 kg. The other one is made out of uranium (its covered with lead so that no radiation leaks out) and has a mass of 6.0 kg. If they are released at the same instant from the same height of 20 m they will reach the ground at a. the same time but with different speeds b. the same time with the same speeds c. different times but with the same speeds d. different times and with different speeds

b. the same time with the same speeds

200. Aunt Minnie throws a rock downward, and air resistance is negligible. Compared to a rock that is dropped, the acceleration of the rock after it is thrown is a. less. b. the same. c. more.

b. the same.

183. You would have the largest mass of gold if your chunk of gold weighed 1 N on a. Earth. b. Jupiter. c. the moon.

c. the moon.

133. When an object reaches terminal velocity its acceleration is a. greater than 9.8 m/s/s b. 9.8 m/s/s c. 4.9 m/s/s d. 0 m/s/s

d. 0 m/s/s

93. Using the Pythagorean theorem, the resultant of a 6-N force in the Y-direction and a 8-N force in the X-direction is a. 100 N b. 48 N c. 14 N d. 10 N e. 2 N

d. 10 N

151. A 747 jumbo jet has a mass of 30,000 kg. The thrust for each of four engines is 15,000 N. What is the jet's acceleration when taking off? a. 0.25 m/s/s b. 0.5 m/s/s c. 1 m/s/s d. 2 m/s/s e. None of the above

d. 2 m/s/s

72. An apple falls from a tree and hits the ground 20 m below. It hits the ground with a speed of about a. 5 m/s b. 10 m/s c. 15 m/s d. 20 m/s e. not enough information

d. 20 m/s

141. A car has a mass of 1000 kg and accelerates at 2 meters per second squared. What is the magnitude of the force acting on the car? a. 500 N b. 1000 N c. 1500 N d. 2000 N e. None of the above

d. 2000 N

189. How much does a 3.0-kg bag of bolts weigh? a. 3 N b. 14 N c. 23 N d. 30 N e. 59 N

d. 30 N

190. A 5-N force and a 30-N force act in the same direction on an object. What is the net force on the object? a. 5 N b. 25 N c. 30 N d. 35 N e. none of the above

d. 35 N

35. Consider the following graph. The average speed is greatest during which time interval a. 0s - 2s b. 2s - 6s c. 6s - 8s d. 8s - 10s e. 10s - 14s

d. 8s - 10s

124. Friction a. acts in a direction that opposes the motion of an object b. comes from microscopic bumps that act as obstructions to the object's motion c. is the name given to the force acting between surfaces sliding past one another d. All of the above e. None of the above

d. All of the above

209. Which of the following has the largest momentum? a. a large truck parked in a parking lot. b. a tightrope walker crossing Niagara Falls. c. The science building at your school. d. a pickup truck traveling down the highway. e. a dog running down the street.

d. a pickup truck traveling down the highway.

56. Galileo's use of inclined planes allowed him to effectively a. slow down the acceleration of free fall b. increase the acceleration beyond that of free fall c. eliminate the acceleration of free fall d. all of these e. none of these

a. slow down the acceleration of free fall

14. True or False? A ball is thrown in the air. At the highest point, the ball has zero velocity and zero acceleration

False

24. True or False? Average speed is defined as the time it takes for a trip divided by the distance.

False

48. True or False? While driving a car, it is possible to make a turn without accelerating if you keep the speed constant while turning.

False

50. True or False? If a body has an acceleration of -3 m/s2, it MUST be slowing down.

False

6. True or False? A unit of acceleration is meters per second

False

99. True or False? A quantity that has both magnitude and direction is called a scalar.

False

31. True or False? Even though a car is slowing down, it is still accelerating, in the most general definition of acceleration.

True

51. True or False? An object thrown straight up has a positive velocity and a negative acceleration.

True

52. True or False? If a body travels at constant speed, then the distance it travels varies directly with the time elapsed.

True

37. Mr. Vining is looking at new Garden apartment in downtown Scottsdale and is out on the balcony and decides to find out how far up he is. He takes out a water balloon (he now always carries a few thanks to Mr. Hill) and drops it over the railing. If it takes 2.0 s to hit the ground, how far is the ground beneath him? (g=-10m/s2) a. -20 m b. -30 m c. -45 m d. -60 m e. -90 m

a. -20 m

80. A cannonball is launched from the ground at an angle of 30 degrees and a speed of 40 m/s. Ideally (no air resistance) the ball will land on the ground with a speed of a. -40 m/s b. -20 m/s c. -10 m/s d. 0 m/s e. there is not enough information to say.

a. -40 m/s

94. A ball is thrown straight upward at 40 m/s. Ideally (no air resistance) the ball will return to the thrower's hand with a velocity of a. -40 m/s b. -20 m/s c. -10 m/s d. 0 m/s e. there's not enough information to say

a. -40 m/s

19. A ball is thrown straight up. At the top of its path its instantaneous speed is a. 0 m/s. b. about 5 m/s. c. about 10 m/s. d. about 20 m/s. e. about 50 m/s.

a. 0 m/s.

67. A car accelerates at 2 m/s2. Assuming the car starts from rest, how much time does it need to accelerate to a speed of 4 m/s? a. 2 s b. 15 s c. 30 s d. 60 s e. none of these

a. 2 s

34. A car accelerates uniformly from 3.0 m/s to 11.0 m/s in 4.0 seconds. The magnitude of the acceleration is a. 2.0 m/s2 b. 3.5 m/s2 c. 2.8 m/s2 d. 9.7 m/s2 e. 0.78 m/s2

a. 2.0 m/s2

79. Suppose a small plane can fly at 200 km/h relative to the surrounding air. Suppose also that there is a 20-km/h tail wind. How fast does the plane's shadow move across the ground? a. 220 km/h b. 200 km/h c. 160 km/h d. 40 km/h e. 5 km/h

a. 220 km/h

82. What is the maximum resultant possible when adding a 16-N force to an 8-N force? a. 24 N b. 11 N c. 8 N d. 5 N e. 3 N

a. 24 N

28. If a projectile is fired straight up at a speed of 15 m/s, the total time to return to its starting point is about a. 3 seconds. b. 6 seconds. c. 30 seconds. d. 60 seconds. e. not enough information to estimate.

a. 3 seconds.

32. If a car is traveling at a constant average speed of 60 kilometers per hour, how long does it take to travel 300 kilometers? a. 5.0 hours b. 0.5 hour c. 0.72 hour d. 0.2 hour e. 2.0 hours

a. 5.0 hours

42. The area under a velocity-time graph represents a. displacement b. change in acceleration c. acceleration d. speed e. change in velocity

a. displacement

46. Change in velocity can be obtained from a. the area under an acceleration-time graph b. the area under a velocity-time graph c. the slope of an acceleration-time graph d. the slope of a velocity-time graph

a. the area under an acceleration-time graph

60. As an object freely falls, its a. velocity increases b. acceleration increases c. both of these d. none of these

a. velocity increases

8. As an object falls in a vacuum its a. velocity increases b. acceleration increases c. both A and B. d. none of the above.

a. velocity increases

30. Suppose a jumper claims a hang time of 2 seconds. Then that jumper must be able to jump a vertical distance of a. 1 m. b. 2 m. c. 3 m. d. 4 m. e. 5 m.

e. 5 m.

167. Which best approximates the resultant of a pair of 6-unit vectors at right angles to each other? a. 0 units. b. 6 units. c. 8 units. d. 12 units.

c. 8 units.

195. Which of the following would exert the most pressure on the ground? a. A woman standing in running shoes b. A woman standing on skis c. A woman standing in high-heel shoes

c. A woman standing in high-heel shoes

188. Which has more mass, a kilogram of feathers or a kilogram of iron? a. The feathers b. The iron c. Neither—they both have the same mass.

c. Neither—they both have the same mass.

12. If you drop a feather and a coin at the same time in a tube filled with air, which will reach the bottom of the tube first? a. The feather b. Neither—they will both reach the bottom at the same time. c. The coin

c. The coin

202. Which has more momentum, a large truck moving at 30 miles per hour or a small truck moving at 30 miles per hour? a. Both have the same momentum. b. The small truck. c. The large truck.

c. The large truck.

38. Which one of the following statements correctly describes the motion of an object depicted by the position vs. time graph below? a. The object has non-uniform motion b. The object has constant non-zero acceleration c. The object has constant velocity d. The object has an increasing acceleration e. The object has increasing velocity

c. The object has constant velocity

197. A tennis ball and a solid steel ball with the same diameter are dropped at the same time. In the absence of air resistance, which ball has the greater acceleration? a. The steel ball b. The tennis ball c. They both have the same acceleration.

c. They both have the same acceleration.

225. No movement means no forces. a. always true b. sometimes true c. always false

c. always false

226. If an object is pushed or pulled and it remains at rest, there must be a force keeping it at rest that is larger than the pushing or pulling force. a. always true b. sometimes true c. always false

c. always false

231. The product of mass and acceleration, ma, is a force. a. always true b. sometimes true c. always false

c. always false

176. The law of inertia applies to a. objects at rest. b. moving objects. c. both moving and nonmoving objects.

c. both moving and nonmoving objects.

150. Suppose a particle is accelerated through space by a constant 10-N force. Suddenly the particle encounters a second force of 10-N in a direction opposite to that of the first force. The particle a. is brought to a rapid halt. b. gradually decelerates to a halt. c. continues at the speed it had when it encountered the second force. d. theoretically accelerates to speeds approaching the speed of light. e. None of the above

c. continues at the speed it had when it encountered the second force.

181. An object following a straight-line path at constant speed a. has no forces acting on it. b. has a net force acting on it in the direction of motion. c. has zero acceleration. d. must be moving in a vacuum. e.none of the above

c. has zero acceleration.

178. One object has twice as much mass as another object. The first object also has twice as much a. velocity. b. gravitational acceleration. c. inertia. d. all of the above

c. inertia.

192. How does acceleration of an object change in relation to its mass? It is a. directly proportional. b. Acceleration doesn't depend on mass at all. c. inversely proportional.

c. inversely proportional.

148. A rock is thrown vertically into the air. At the very top of its trajectory the net force on it is a. less than its weight b. more than its weight c. its weight

c. its weight

128. Inertia is a measure of an object's a. weight b. velocity c. mass d. gravity e. acceleration

c. mass

177. If the force of gravity suddenly stopped acting on the planets, they would a. spiral slowly towards the sun. b. continue to orbit the sun. c. move in straight lines tangent to their orbits. d. spiral slowly away from the sun. e. fly straight away from the sun.

c. move in straight lines tangent to their orbits.

198. The reason a tennis ball and a solid steel ball will accelerate at the same rate, in the absence of air resistance, is that a. they have the same mass. b. the ball with the larger force has the smaller mass. c. the ball with the larger force also has the larger mass. d. the force acting on them is the same. e. none of the above

c. the ball with the larger force also has the larger mass.

153 A player hits a ball with a bat. The action force is the impact of the bat against the ball. What is the reaction to this force? a. air resistance on the ball b. the weight of the ball c. the force of the ball against the bat d. the grip of the player's hand against the ball e. none of the above

c. the force of the ball against the bat

154 As a ball falls, the action force is the pull of the earth's mass on the ball. What is the reaction to this force? a. air resistance acting against the ball b. the acceleration of the ball c. the pull of the ball's mass on the earth d. nonexistent in this case e. none of the above

c. the pull of the ball's mass on the earth

10. A ball is thrown upwards and caught when it comes back down. In the absence of air resistance, the speed of the ball the instant before it is caught would be a. less than the speed it had when thrown upwards. b. more than the speed it had when thrown upwards. c. the same as the speed it had when thrown upwards.

c. the same as the speed it had when thrown upwards.

98. After a rock that is thrown straight up reaches the top of its path and is starting to fall back down, its acceleration is (neglect air resistance) a. greater than when it was at the top of its path b. less than when it was at the top of its path c. the same as when it was at the top of its path

c. the same as when it was at the top of its path

194. A force of 3 N accelerates a mass of 3 kg at the rate of 1 m/s2. The acceleration of a mass of 6 kg acted upon by a force of 6 N is a. twice as much. b. half as much. c. the same. d. none of the above

c. the same.

163. The horizontal component of a projectile's velocity is independent of a. the range of the projectile. b.time. c. the vertical component of its velocity.

c. the vertical component of its velocity.

203. Compared to a sports car moving at 30 miles per hour, the same sports car moving at 60 miles per hour has a. half the momentum b. the same momentum c. twice as much momentum d. four times as much momentum e. eight times as much momentum

c. twice as much momentum

39. On a position vs. time graph, the slope of the line represents the ___________ a. position b. time c. velocity d. acceleration e. displacement

c. velocity

90. A ball thrown in the air will never go as far as physics ideally would predict because a. one can never throw the ball fast enough b. gravity is acting c. ideally the ball would never land d. air friction slows the ball e. all of the above

d. air friction slows the ball

161. When representing velocity as a vector, a. the direction of the arrow shows the direction of motion. b. the length of the arrow represents the speed. c. the length of the arrow is drawn to a suitable scale. d. all of the above e. none of the above

d. all of the above

162. In order to find the components of a vector, you should a. draw the vector with correct magnitude and orientation. b. measure the sides of the rectangle. c. draw a rectangle so that the vector is the diagonal. d. all of the above

d. all of the above

193. The acceleration produced by a net force on an object is a. inversely proportional to the mass of the object. b. directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force. c. in the same direction as the net force. d. all of the above e. none of the above

d. all of the above

204. If the momentum of an object changes and its mass remains constant, a. It is accelerating (or decelerating). b. There is a force acting on it. c. its velocity is changing. d. all of the above. e. none of the above.

d. all of the above

1. Speed is a. a measure of how fast something is moving. b. always measured in terms of a unit of distance divided by a unit of time. c. the distance covered per unit time. d. all of the above. e. none of the above.

d. all of the above.

214. A car traveling along the highway needs a certain amount of force exerted on it to stop. More stopping force may be required when the car has a. more mass. b. more momentum. c. less stopping distance. d. all of the above. e. none of the above.

d. all of the above.

218. A karate expert executes a swift blow and splits a cement block with her bare hand. a. the times of impact on both the block and the experts hand are the same. b. the impulse on both the block and the experts hand have the same magnitude. c. the force on both the block and the experts hand have the same magnitude. d. all of the above. e. none of the above.

d. all of the above.

164. A projectile is fired horizontally in a vacuum. The projectile maintains its horizontal component of speed because it a. has no vertical component of speed to begin with. b. is not acted on by any forces. c. the net force acting on it is zero. d. is not acted on by any horizontal forces. e. none of the above

d. is not acted on by any horizontal forces.

187. The weight of a person can be represented by a vector that acts a. in a direction that depends on where the person is standing. b. perpendicular to the ground underneath the person. c. parallel to the ground. d. straight down, even if the person is standing on a hill. e. all of the above

d. straight down, even if the person is standing on a hill.

220. The force that accelerates a rocket into outer space is exerted on the rocket by a. rockets wings. b. earths gravity. c. atmospheric pressure. d. the exhaust gases. e. none of these.

d. the exhaust gases

126. A sheet of paper can be withdrawn from under a container of milk without toppling it if the paper is jerked quickly. The reason this can be done is that a. the milk carton has very little weight b. there is an action-reaction force operating c. gravity pulls very hard on the milk carton d. the milk carton has inertia e. None of the above

d. the milk carton has inertia

184. Equilibrium occurs when a. all the forces acting on an object are balanced. b. the sum of the +x forces on an object equals the sum of the -x forces. c. the net force on the object is zero. d. the sum of the upward forces equals the sum of the downward forces e. all of the above

e. all of the above

215. The force of an apple hitting the ground depends on a. Air resistance on the apple as it falls. b. the time of impact with the ground. c. whether or not the apple bounces. d. the speed of the apple just before it hits. e. all of the above.

e. all of the above.

206. In order to increase the final momentum of a golf ball, we could a. increase the force acting on it. b. follow through when hitting the ball. c. increase the time of contact with the ball. d. swing as hard as possible. e. all of these.

e. all of these

152. An archer shoots an arrow. Consider the action force to be the bowstring against the arrow. The reaction to this force is the a. weight of the arrow b. air resistance against the bow c. friction of the ground against the archer's feet d. grip of the archer's hand on the bow e. arrow's push against the bowstring

e. arrow's push against the bowstring

207. The reason padded dashboards are used in cars is that they a. look nice and feel good. b. decrease the impulse in a collision. c. increase the force of impact in a collision. d. decrease the momentum of a collision. e. increase the time of impact in a collision.

e. increase the time of impact in a collision.

16. When a basketball player jumps to make a shot, once the feet are off the floor, the jumper's acceleration a. varies with body orientation. b. depends on launch speed. c. is usually greater for taller players (but not always). d. depends on all the above. e. is g; no more, no less.

e. is g; no more, no less.

201. The momentum of an object is defined as the objects a. force times the time interval. b. force times its acceleration. c. mass times its acceleration. d. velocity times the time interval. e. mass times its velocity.

e. mass times its velocity.

217. A 1-N apple falls to the ground. The apple hits the ground with an impact force of a. 9.8 N. b. 4 N. c. 2 N. d. 1 N. e. not enough information to say.

e. not enough information to say

175. The law of inertia states that an object a. will continue moving at the same velocity unless an outside force acts on it. b. will continue moving in a straight line unless an outside force acts on it. c. that is not moving will never move unless a force acts on it. d. at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an outside force. e. will do all of the above.

e. will do all of the above.

125. If you were in a space ship and fired a cannon ball into frictionless space, the amount of force needed to keep it going would be a. twice the force with which it was fired b. the same amount of force with which it was fired c. one half the force with which it was fired d. one quarter the force with which it was fired e. zero, since no force is necessary to keep it moving.

e. zero, since no force is necessary to keep it moving.

229. True or False? Only living things can exert forces on other things.

False

230. True or False? All forces are mediated through contact; forces cannot be exerted between two things if they are not in contact.

False

232. True or False? A force applied by, say a hand, still acts on an object after the object leaves the hand.

False

235. True or False? The higher the velocity, the higher the acceleration.

False

236. True or False? There is no connection between Newton's Laws and kinematics (motion equations).

False

237. True or False? Velocity is a force.

False

238. True or False? If velocity is zero, then acceleration must be zero too.

False

239. True or False? If an object is pushed or pulled and it remains at rest because of its inertia (its mass is too great).

False

240. True or False? An object in motion stays in motion because of the inertia force acting on it.

False

114. True or False? A steel ball and a wood ball of the same size are released together from the top of a tower. In the absence of air resistance they both would reach the ground at the same time. The reason for this is that the force on each ball is the same.

False.

None

None

103. True or False? A single vector can be replaced by two vectors in the X and Y directions that are at right angles to one another. These two X and Y vectors are called the components of the original vector.

True

107. True or False? Friction refers to the force between two surfaces that are sliding past one another.

True

110. True or False? An astronaut has the same mass on earth as in space.

True

112. True or False? The combination of all the forces that act on an object is called the net force.

True

116. True or False? Air resistance refers to friction between the air and an object moving through the air.

True

120. True or False? Whenever one object exerts a force on another object, the second object always exerts a force back on the first object.

True

123. True or False? The reason a car moves at constant speed along the road is because the friction between the tires and the road causes a forward reaction force to act on the car.

True

172. In the absence of air resistance, at what other angle will a thrown ball go the same distance as one thrown at an angle of 75 degrees? a. 15 degrees. b. 65 degrees. c. 70 degrees. d. 80 degrees. e. 90 degrees.

a. 15 degrees

156. A Mack truck and a Volkswagen traveling at the same speed have a head-on collision. The vehicle to undergo the greater change in velocity will be the a. Volkswagen b. Mack truck c. Both the same

a. Volkswagen

211. A cannon recoils from launching a cannonball. The speed of the cannons recoil is small because: a. cannon has far more mass than the cannonball. b. momentum of the cannon is unchanged. c. force against the cannon is relatively small. d. the impulse on the cannon is less than the impulse on the cannonball. e. none of the above.

a. cannon has far more mass than the cannonball.

165. An airplane flying into a head wind loses ground speed, and an airplane flying with the wind gains ground speed. If an airplane flies at right angles to the wind, then ground speed is a. more. b. unchanged. c. less.

a. more.

170. In Chapter 2, you learned about "hang time," the time a jumper's feet are off the ground in a vertical jump. If the jumper runs horizontally and has the same vertical component of takeoff velocity, hang time will be a. no different. b. decreased. c. increased.

a. no different.

166. Jon can jump vertically 1 meter from his skateboard when it is at rest. When the skateboard is moving horizontally, Jon can jump a. no higher. b. higher.

a. no higher.

169. When in orbit, a satellite such as the space shuttle is a. simply a projectile. b. in non-accelerated motion. c. free from Earth's gravity.

a. simply a projectile.

129. Strange as it may seem, it is just as hard to push a car on the moon as it is to push the same car on earth. This is because a. the mass of the car is independent of gravity b. the weight of the car is independent of gravity c. Nonsense! A car is much more easily pushed on the moon than on the earth

a. the mass of the car is independent of gravity

179. Compared to its mass on Earth, the mass of a 10-kg object on the moon is a. the same. b. more. c. less.

a. the same.

130. The force required to maintain an object at a constant speed in free space is equal to a. zero b. the mass of the mass of the object c. the weight of the object d. the force required to stop it e. None of the above

a. zero

174. Galileo found that a ball rolling down one inclined plane would roll how far up another inclined plane? a. The ball would not roll up the other plane at all. b. To nearly its original height c. To about one quarter its original height d. To nearly twice its original height e. To nearly half its original height

b. To nearly its original height

216. When you jump off a step, you usually bend your knees as you reach the ground. By doing this, the time of the impact is about 10 times more what it would be in a stiff-legged landing, and the average force on your body is reduced by a. more than 10 times. b. about 10 times. c. less than 10 times

b. about 10 times.

144. An object has a constant mass. A constant force on the object can produce constant a. velocity b. acceleration c. Both of the above d. None of the above

b. acceleration

62. If an object falls with constant acceleration, the velocity of the object must a. be constant also b. continually change by the same amount each second c. continually change by varying amounts depending on its speed d. continually decrease e. none of these

b. continually change by the same amount each second

88. A ball is thrown into the air at some angle. At the very top of the ball's path, its velocity is a. entirely vertical b. entirely horizontal c. both vertical and horizontal d. there's not enough information given to determine

b. entirely horizontal

160. A 5000 kg car smashes into a 10,000 kg truck. The car exerts a force on the truck that is ________________. a. greater than the force that the truck exerts on the car b. equal to the force that the truck exerts on the car c. less than the force that the truck exerts on the car

b. equal to the force that the truck exerts on the car

171. If you could throw a baseball horizontally at a speed of 8 km/s and if there were no air drag and nothing to stop it, a. after 90 minutes it would return to you. b. it would orbit Earth. c. it would escape Earth's atmosphere.

b. it would orbit Earth.

221. A small economy car (low mass) and a limousine (high mass) are pushed from rest across a parking lot, equal distances with equal forces. The car that receives the greater impulse is the a. small economy car. b. limousine. c. neither A nor B (same for each).

b. limousine

212. Two objects, A and B, have the same size and shape, but A is twice as heavy as B. When they are dropped simultaneously from a tower, they reach the ground at the same time, but A has a higher A. speed. B. momentum. C. acceleration. D. all of the above. E. none of the above.

b. momentum

186. Friction is a force that always acts a. perpendicular to an object's motion. b. opposite to an object's motion. c. in the same direction as an object's motion.

b. opposite to an object's motion.

173. The astronomer Copernicus publicly stated in the 1500s that Earth a. does not move. b. revolves around the sun. c. is slowing down. d. moves in a straight line. e. is the center of the solar system.

b. revolves around the sun.

233. The motion of an object is in the direction of the net force applied to the object. a. always true b. sometimes true c. always false

b. sometimes true

213. In order to catch a ball, a baseball player moves his or her hand backward in the direction of the balls motion. Doing this reduces the force of impact on the players hand principally because a. the momentum of impact is reduced b. the time of impact is increased. c. the velocity of the hand is reduced. d. The time of impact is decreased. e. none of these.

b. the time of impact is increased.

147. A push on a 1-kilogram brick accelerates the brick. Neglecting friction, to equally accelerate a 10 kilogram brick, one would have to push a. with just as much force. b. with 10 times as much force. c. with 100 times as much force. d. with one tenth the amount of force. e. None of the above

b. with 10 times as much force.

140. An apple weighs 1 N. The net force on the apple when it is in free fall is a. 0 N b. 0.1 N c. 1 N d. 9.8 N e. None of the above

c. 1 N

137. Suppose the force of friction on a sliding object is 10 N. The force needed to maintain a constant velocity is a. more than 10 N b. less than 10 N c. 10 N

c. 10 N

145. A bag of groceries has a mass of 10 kilograms and a weight of about a. 1 N b. 10 N c. 100 N d. 1000 N e. None of the above

c. 100 N

142. A tow-truck exerts a force of 3000 N on a car, accelerating it at 2 m/s/s. What is the mass of the car? a. 500 kg b. 1000 kg c. 1500 kg d. 3000 kg e. None of the above

c. 1500 kg

159. Two forces are applied on a soccer ball simultaneously. One player kicks the ball with a force of 20 N North. The other player kicks the ball with a force of 30 N West. What is the magnitude of the net force applied on the soccer ball? a. 10 N b. 20 N c. 36 N d. 50 N e. 3600 N

c. 36 N

158. A water balloon is launched at an angle of 45 degrees to the horizontal with a velocity of 20 m/s. How far away horizontally will it land? (g = -10 m/s/s) a. 14 m b. 28 m c. 39 m d. 56 m e. 80 m

c. 39 m

132. A jumbo jet cruises at a constant velocity when the total thrust of the engines on the jet is 40,000 N. How much air resistance acts on the jet? a. 80,000 N b. 60,000 N c. 40,000 N d. 20,000 N e. 0 N

c. 40,000 N

155 A person is attracted towards the center of the earth by a 500-N gravitational force. The force with which the earth is attracted toward the person is a. much less than 500 N b. less than 500 N c. 500 N d. greater than 500 N e. much greater than 500 N

c. 500 N

138. A 10-N falling object encounters 4 N of air resistance. The magnitude of the net force on the object is a. 0 N b. 4 N c. 6 N d. 10 N e. None of the above

c. 6 N

149. A block is dragged without acceleration in a straight-line path across a level surface by a force of 6 N. What is the frictional force between the block and the surface? a. less than 6 N b. more than 6 N c. 6 N d. Need more information to say.

c. 6 N

157. A boulder rolls off an 80 meter high cliff at with a speed of 15 m/s. How far horizontally from the cliff will the boulder land? (g = -10 m/s/s) a. 15 m b. 30 m c. 60 m d. 120 m e. 240 m

c. 60 m

13. Consider drops of water leaking from a water faucet. As the drops fall they a. remain at a relatively fixed distance from each other. b. get farther apart. c. get closer together.

b. get farther apart.

11. Suppose an object is in free fall. Each second the object falls a. the same distance as in the second before. b. a larger distance than in the second before. c. with the same instantaneous speed. d. with the same average speed. e. none of the above

b. a larger distance than in the second before.

63. It takes 5 s for a stone to fall to the bottom of a mineshaft. How deep is the shaft? a. about 60 m b. about 125 m c. about 180 m d. more than 200 m

b. about 125 m

70. A ball is thrown upwards and caught when it comes back down. In the presence of air resistance, the speed with which it is caught is a. more than the speed it had when thrown upwards b. less than the speed it had when thrown upwards c. the same as the speed it had when thrown upwards.

b. less than the speed it had when thrown upwards

77. A vector is a quantity that has a. magnitude and time b. magnitude and direction c. time and direction

b. magnitude and direction

65. When a rock thrown straight upwards gets to the exact top of its path, its a. velocity is zero, and its acceleration is zero b. velocity is zero, and its acceleration is about -10 m/s2 c. velocity is about 10 m/s and its acceleration is zero d. velocity is about 10 m/s and its acceleration is about -10 m/s2 e. none of these

b. velocity is zero, and its acceleration is about -10 m/s2

43. The acceleration due to gravity on earth is approximately a. -1.0 m/s2 b. -1.0 m/s c. -10 m/s2 d. -10 m/s e. -10 km/s2

c. -10 m/s2

29. The vertical height attained by a basketball player who achieves a hang time of a full one second is about a. 0.8 m. b. 1 m. c. 1.2 m. d. 2.5 m. e. more than 2.5 m.

c. 1.2 m.

71. If a car increases its velocity from zero to 60 km/h in 5 seconds, it acceleration is a. 3 km/h/s b. 6 km/h/s c. 12 km/h/s d. 60 km/h/s e. 600 km/h/s

c. 12 km/h/s

59. Starting from rest, the distance a freely falling object will fall in 5 seconds is about a. 10 m b. 50 m c. 125 m d. 500 m e. 1000 m

c. 125 m

26. A freely falling object starts from rest. After falling for 2 seconds, it will have a speed of about a. 5 m/s. b. 10 m/s. c. 20 m/s. d. 40 m/s. e. none of the above

c. 20 m/s

22. A car accelerates at 1 m/s2. Assuming the car starts from rest, how much time does it need to accelerate to a speed of 20 m/s? a. 2 seconds b. 10 seconds c. 20 seconds d. 40 seconds e. none of the above

c. 20 seconds

97. A rifle with a muzzle velocity of 100 m/s is fired horizontally from a tower. Neglecting air resistance, where will the bullet be 2 seconds later? a. 50 m downrange b. 98 m downrange c. 200 m downrange d. 490 m downrange e. none of the above

c. 200 m downrange

17. Suppose you take a trip that covers 150 km and takes 5 hours to make. Your average speed is a. 3 km/h. b. 15 km/h. c. 30 km/h. d. 75 km/h. e. 750 km/h.

c. 30 km/h

57. A car accelerates from rest at 2 meters per second per second. What is its speed 2 seconds after the car starts moving? a. 2 m/s b. 3 m/s c. 4 m/s d. 6 m/s e. none of these

c. 4 m/s

54. A radar transmitter sends out a pulse that is reflected from the moon's surface. The signal returns 3.0 s after it is sent ( i.e. it goes there and back ). What is the best estimate of the moon's distance from the earth if light travels at 3.0x108 m/s? a. 0.55x108 m b. 1.1x108 m c. 4.0x108 m d. 8.1x108 m e. 16.2x108 m

c. 4.0x108 m

74. If a freely falling object were somehow equipped with a speedometer on a planet where the acceleration due to gravity is 40 m/s/s, then its speed reading would increase each second by a. 10 m/s b. 20 m/s c. 40 m/s d. 40 m/s/s e. depends on initial speed

c. 40 m/s

89. In the absence of air resistance, the angle at which a thrown ball will go the farthest is a. 75 degrees b. 60 degrees c. 45 degrees d. 30 degrees e. 15 degrees

c. 45 degrees

21. When something falls to the ground, it accelerates. This acceleration is called the acceleration due to gravity and is symbolized by the letter g. What is the value of g on Earth's surface? a. 0 m/s2 b. about 5 m/s2 c. about 10 m/s2 d. about 20 m/s2 e. about 50 m/s2

c. about 10 m/s2

20. A ball is thrown straight up. At the top of its path its acceleration is a. 0 m/s2. b. about 5 m/s2. c. about 10 m/s2. d. about 20 m/s2. e. about 50 m/s2.

c. about 10 m/s2.

44. The position vs. time graph below represents the relationship between distance and time for an object moving in a straight line. According to the graph, the object is a. motionless b. moving at a constant speed c. accelerating d. decelerating

c. accelerating

9. In the absence of air resistance objects fall at constant a. speed b. velocity c. acceleration d. distances each succesive second e. all of the above

c. acceleration

84. In the absence of air friction, the vertical component of a projectile's velocity doesn't change as the projectile moves. a. always true b. sometimes true c. always false

c. always false

91. At what part of a path does a projectile have minimum speed? a. when it is thrown b. half-way to the top c. at the top of its path d. when it returns to the ground e. there's not enough information to say

c. at the top of its path

68. The two measurements necessary for calculating average speed are a. acceleration and time b. velocity and time c. distance and time d. distance and acceleration

c. distance and time

75. A bullet is dropped from the top of the Empire State Building while another bullet is fired downward and is out of the gun from the same location. Neglecting air resistance, acceleration is greatest for the a. fired bullet b. dropped bullet c. neither it's -10 m/s2 for each and both are in motion

c. neither it's -10 m/s2 for each and both are in motion

86. At the instant a ball is thrown horizontally with a large force, an identical ball is dropped from the same height. Which ball hits the ground first? a. the horizontally thrown ball b. the dropped ball c. neither-they both hit the ground at the same time

c. neither-they both hit the ground at the same time

66. A ball is thrown upwards and caught when it comes back down. Neglecting air resistance, its speed when caught is a. more than the speed it had when thrown upwards b. less than the speed it had when thrown upwards c. the same speed it had when thrown upwards

c. the same speed it had when thrown upwards

5. Suppose you were in a car that is going around a curve. The speedometer reads a constant 30 mph. Which of the following is NOT true a. you and the car are accelerating b. your acceleration is constantly changing c. velocity is constant d. your direction is constantly changing e. your speed is constant

c. velocity is constant

2. One possible unit of speed is a. Miles per hour b. light years per century c. kilometers per hour d. All of the above

d. All of the above

61. A ball tossed vertically upward rises, reaches its highest point, and then falls back to its starting point. During this time the acceleration of the ball is always a. in the direction of the motion b. opposite its velocity c. directed upward d. directed downward e. zero

d. directed downward

3. When you look at the speedometer in a moving car, you can see the car's a. average distance traveled. b. instantaneous acceleration. c. average speed. d. instantaneous speed. e. average acceleration.

d. instantaneous speed.

33. Which of the following is NOT an acceleration unit? a. m/s2 b. (km/h)/s c. (m/s)/s d. km/s e. (km/h)/h

d. km/s

4. Acceleration is defined as the CHANGE in a. time it takes to move from one place to another place. b. velocity of an object. c. distance divided by the time interval. d. velocity divided by the time interval. e. time it takes to move from one speed to another speed.

d. velocity divided by the time interval.

47. An object is released from a height of 11 m. Which one of the following best represents the displacement of the object 1.0 s after it falls freely from rest? (g = -10 m/s2) a. -1.0 m b. -2.5 m c. -5.0 m d. -10 m e. -11 m

e) -11 m

41. A body falls freely from rest near the surface of the earth. The distance the object falls in 4 seconds is a. -5.0 m b. -10 m c. -20 m d. -30 m e. -80 m

e. -80 m

53. Starting from rest, an object rolls freely down an incline that is 5 meters long in 1 second. The acceleration of the object is approximately a. 5 m/s b. 10 m/s c. 2.5 m/s2 d. 5 m/s2 e. 10 m/s2

e. 10 m/s2

45. The average velocity of an object is 4.0 meters per second for 6.0 seconds. What is the total distance traveled by the object? a. 1/3 m b. 3 m c. 6 m d. 12 m e. 24 m

e. 24 m

73. A ball is thrown 32 meters straight upward and then falls the same distance back to earth. Neglecting air resistance, its total time in the air is about a. 5 s b. 10 s c. 15 s d. more than 20 s e. 3.6 s

e. 3.6 s

40. Mr. Vining sees Mr. Hill under his balcony. Mr. Vining drops a water balloon that falls freely for 3 seconds before striking Mr. Hill on the head and getting him soaking wet. How far did the balloon travel before striking Mr. Hill? a. 5.0 m b. 10 m c. 15 m d. 20 m e. 45 m

e. 45 m